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上海市静安区
2020-2022届（三年）高三二模英语试题分类汇编
概要写作
上海市静安区2022届高三二模英语试卷
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How does your mind process bad news
When you experience stressful events, a physiological change happens that can cause you to
take in any sort of warning and become fixed on how it develops. A study using brain imaging to look at the neural activity of people under stress revealed that this ‘switch’ was related to a sudden increase in a neural signal known as a prediction error, specifically in response to unexpected signs of danger.
When our ancestors found themselves in a cave filled with hungry animals, they benefited from
such an ability to take in the warning and guard against dangers so as to avoid fierce animals. In this
way, they survived. In a safe environment today, however, it would be wasteful to be on high alert
constantly. A system that automatically increases or decreases your ability to process warnings in response to changes in your environment might be useful in handling negative messages of different levels. In fact, people with certain diseases seem unable to switch away from a state in which they
absorb all the negative messages around them.
If your co-worker is stressed, you are more likely to tense up and feel stressed yourself. Our brains are designed to transmit emotions quickly to one another, because they often pass on important information. When infants are held by their mothers who have just experienced a socially stressful event, the infants’ heart rates go up too. Studies show that if you observe negative posts, such as complaints about a long queue at the coffee shop, you will in turn create more negative posts.
The good news, however, is that positive emotions, such as hope and love, can spread too, and they are powerful in lifting people’s mood. If you observe positive feeds on social media, such as images of a pink sunset, you are more likely to post uplifting messages yourself. Therefore, why not frame our messages wisely in the hope of avoiding negative reactions
上海市静安区2021届高三二模英语试卷
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Your co-worker brings in brownies, your daughter makes cookies fbr a holiday party and candy is arriving from far-flung relatives. Sugar appears on almost all joyful occasions. It is celebration, festivity and family love. It's also dangerous. Sugar, perhaps more than salt, contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Evidence is growing that eating an undue amount of sugar can lead to fatty liver disease, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and kidney disease.
Yet people can't resist it. And the reason for that is pretty simple. People just can't resist it. And we don't mean disability to resist it in the way that people talk about delicious foods. We mean the weakness, literally, in a similar way of drugs due to the fact that the sugar manufacturers are doing everything they can to keep us hooked.
Just a few hundred years ago, concentrated sugars were essentially absent from the human diet. Sugar was a rare source of energy in the environment, and strong longings for it benefited humans for living on. Sugar longings initiated searches for sweet foods, the kinds that help us layer on fat for times of scarcity.
Today concentrated sugar is everywhere, used in approximately 75 percent of packaged foods purchased in the United States. The average American consumes anywhere from a quarter to a half pound of sugar a day. If you consider that the concentrated sugar in a single can of soda might be more than what most people would have consumed in an entire year just a few hundred years ago, you get a sense of how dramatically our environment has changed. The sweet longing that once offered an advantage now works against us.
A better approach to sugar rehab (康复) is to promote the consumption of whole, natural foods. Substituting whole foods for sweet industrial synthetic foods may be a hard sell, but in the face of an industry that is exploiting our biological nature to keep us addicted, it may be the best solution for those who need that sugar fix.
上海市静安区2020届高三二模英语试卷
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
When Everything Gets Smart
It still feels magical to light up your living room by saying “Alexa, turn on the lights.” Tech companies are adding internet connections to just about everything you can imagine. Cars, door locks, toasters, refrigerators, toothbrushes, motorcycle helmets. More and more technology powers are taking part in this trend — known by “the internet of things.”
There is no denying that smart technology will lead to conveniences. You can use voice commands to turn on the lights, coffee maker and music. You can get reminders from your toothbrush to brush and tips on how best to do it. Thanks to the internet of things, you could live like the Beast in the Disney movie, with animated objects around taking care of your every need. That’s the appeal of smart homes for most people, and why they are supposed to be a $27 billion market by 2021.
However, the facts are not always so rosy. The smart objects in your home can be a source of annoyance. Usually people have to download dozens of different apps to a smartphone to control everything, which means creating an account for each one of those apps. The fantasy of the smart home is that it will save us time and effort. But the trouble involved in getting various devices from different companies to work together means that many things may take longer to do.
Worse still, there may be security risks. Smart home systems are part of a larger suite ( 套 ) devices, apps, websites and spaces that collect and analyze personal data about users. To get the full benefits of smart home systems, users must share their locations, routines, tastes in music, shopping history and so forth. It might manage your digital life quite well. On the other hand, however, providing so much personal information benefits companies like Amazon. As they gain access to users’ personal information, they may capitalize on ( 获 利 ) it in the form of targeted advertisements. Perhaps that’s why Wired magazine says, “Amazon’s next big business is selling you.”
Smartened everything comes with broader security concerns. Unsecured devices connected to the “internet of things” can be targets for hackers. Access to smart devices might provide hackers a well-spring of useful data, including information about when users are home — or not.
Considering the disadvantages, why not slow down a bit as we head toward an uncertain future
答案：
上海市静安区2022届高三二模英语试卷
When facing worrying affairs, people focus on warnings and their development due to an increased neural signal. Such mechanism helped early humans to survive but automatic reaction adjustment according to different danger levels is important today. Negative emotions travel rapidly between people. Luckily, positive feelings spread too, calling for sensible message producers.
上海市静安区2021届高三二模英语试卷
Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, is a world-famous tourist attraction. The beauty of Kilimanjaro is believed to have been spoiled by pollution because explorers and climbers throughout the world gather there every year. But later Kilimanjaro is found to own good ecological environments with the efforts of the park administrators. So, Kilimanjaro doesn't deserve that kind of bad reputation. (60 words)
上海市静安区2020届高三二模英语试卷
【51题答案】
【答案】Connecting everything to the internet brings people conveniences. However, users can’t ignore the disadvantages. （要点1）Firstly, the seemingly smart home is time-consuming and troublesome. （要点2）Secondly, technology powers benefit from users’ personal data.（要点3）Thirdly, smartened everything makes it easy for hackers to target users. （要点4）Therefore, smart technology should be applied with caution.（要点5）
【解析】
【分析】本书面表达是一篇概要写作。
【详解】概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。本篇文章为总分总结构，第一、二段通过举例引出话题：智能家庭给人们带来了方便。第三段讲述用户不能忽视它的缺点。其中之一是智能的家庭既耗时又麻烦。第四段讲智能设备存在安全风险。第五段讲优化后的一切让黑客很容易锁定用户。最后总结，指出应用智能技术要谨慎。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，就可以写出很好的概要。

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