资源简介

(共63张PPT)
P3
Grammar
Europe
M1
Objectives
1. To learn passive voice: present
and past forms
2. To learn subject and verb agreement
Grammar 1
1. Paris is visited by more than million
tourists every year.
2. The Sagrada Familia was designed by
an architect called Antonio Gaudi.
3. Florence’s most beautiful paintings and
sculptures were produced by great
artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.
4. The Parthenon was built during this
period.
5. The World Wide Web was invented in
1991 by an English scientists, Tim
Berners-Lee.
6. Beethoven met Haydn in 1791, but
was not impressed by the older man.
7. This was shown at a local cinema and
made $ 100.
8. Athens is known as the birthplace of
western civilisation.
to test your sense of observation
to test your ability of short-term memory
to test your ability to highlight the language points
Guess
1. Paris _________ by more than
million tourists every year.
2. The Sagrada Familia ____________by
an architect called Antonio Gaudi.
3. Florence’s most beautiful paintings and
sculptures _____________ by great
artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.
4. The Parthenon _________ during this
period.
is visited
was designed
were produced
was built
go
Ready
5. The World Wide Web _____________ in
1991 by an English scientists, Tim
Berners-Lee.
6. Beethoven met Haydn in 1791, but
_________________ by the older man.
7. This __________ at a local cinema and
made $ 100.
8. Athens __________as the birthplace of
western civilisation.
was invented
was not impressed
was shown
is known
1. — Town Hall is the tallest building in the city. — ______ from here
A. Can it see B. Can it be seen
C. Can be seen it D. Can see
2. — The ceremony has already started.
— Look! The flag is ______ now.
A. being raised B. risen
C. being rose D. raising
Practice
3. The things talked about in this report
______ over a year ago.
A. had taken place B. took place
C. have taken place D. were taken place
4. The Anti-Japanese War ___ in 1937 and
it _____ eight years.
A. was broken out; lasted
B. broke out; lasted
C. break out; lasts
D. broke out; was lasted
5. Come and sit down by the fire. Your
hand ______.
A. feels so cold B. is felt so coldly
C. feels so coldly D. feel so cold
6. I need one more stamp before my
collection ______.
A. has completed
B. completes
C. has been completed D. is completed
语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态(Passive Voice)表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：be + v-ed形式。句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。
动词的被动语态
1. 被动语态的构成
1) 一般现在时 am/is/are + v-ed
You are wanted on the telephone. 有人给你打电话。
2) 一般过去时 was/were + v-ed
The book was finished last week. 这书是上周写完的。
3) 一般将来时 will be + v-ed
You’ll be allowed to go out tomorrow. 明天让你出去。
4) 现在进行时和过去进行时
①The building is being built.
这幢楼正在建设之中。
②The bikes were being repaired.
那时正在修自行车。
5) 现在完成时和过去完成时
①This book has been translated into English.
这本书已被译成英语。
②The car had been repaired.
这时汽车已修完了。
2. 被动语态的用法
1) 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行
者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)。
The book is written for teachers.
这种书是为教师写的。
2) 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带由
by引起的短语)。
The shop is run by a young man.
这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。
3) 出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出
动作的执行者是谁。
It is generally considered not advisable to smoke here.
一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。
4) 被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排。
Liu Dehua appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
刘德华在台上出现，观众给予了热烈
的掌声。
3. 学习、使用被动语态应注意下面几点:
1) 短语动词的被动语态，要保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。
These books must be taken good care of.
这些书必须好好保管。
The children were well looked after.
孩子们受到了良好的护理。
2) 带双宾语的动词的被动语态：
(give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, buy, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)将其中一个宾语变成主 语，另一个宾语作为保留宾语，或变为介词宾语，作状语。
我们给他一些图画书。
We gave him some picture-books.
→He was given some picture-books.
→Some picture-books were given to him.
3) 情态动词的被动语态。
(情态动词+be+v-ed)
原子是可分的。
We can divide an atom.
→An atom can be divided.
4) 有些动词主动语态形式表示被动语态：
sell, wash, draw, keep, prove, clean, run, wear, cook, read, smoke, cut, burn等。
The book sells well. 这本书畅销。
Silk wears well. 丝耐穿。
This cloth washes well. 这种布料耐洗。
1. His mother told him not to waste time on fishing.
2. Father gave me a toy at Christmas.
3. This factory produces machine tools.
4. They should do it at once.
5. He is likely to let you down.
6. They named the child Tom.
把主动句转被动句。
He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother).
I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father).
Machine tools are produced in this factory.
The child was named Tom.
It should be done at once (by them).
You are likely to be let down.
Grammar 2
1. My family lives in Cardiff.
2. Our soccer team is fantastic.
3. The whole class is here.
4. Neither Amy nor Helen is English.
5. None of them has arrived yet.
6. Each of them has a capital city.
7. Neither of them is English.
8. Each country in the United Kingdom
has a capital city.
9. Their work has influenced other
writers ever since.
10. One of the world’s largest art
galleries, the Louvre, is also located
in Paris.
1. My family ____ in Cardiff.
2. Our soccer team ___ fantastic.
3. The whole class ___ here.
4. Neither Amy nor Helen __ English.
5. None of them ____ arrived yet.
6. Each of them ____ a capital city.
7. Neither of them ___ English.
lives
is
is
is
has
has
is
go
Ready
8. Each country in the United Kingdom
____ a capital city.
9. Their work ____ influenced other
writers ever since.
10. One of the world’s largest art
galleries, the Louvre, __ also located
in Paris.
has
has
is
1. ___ you or he the teacher of English
Neither my sister nor my mother ____
present at the meeting.
A. Are, was B. Is, were
C. Are, are D. Is, is
2. When and where to build the new
factory ____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
Practice
3. One or two days ____ enough to see the city.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
4. Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
5. Not the teacher, but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
6. His “Selected Poems” ____ first published in 1965.
A. were B. was C. has been D. have been
7. A woman with some children ______ soon.
A. is coming B. are coming
C. has come D. have come
8. No one except my parents ____ anything about this.
A. know B. knows
C. is known D. are known
“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。
主谓一致
1. 由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,
一个人的双重身份或匹配出现的事物时
谓语动词为单数，由and连接的两个并列
成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词
用复数。
The worker and writer is from Beijing.
(那个工人兼作家…)
The worker and the writer are from
Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家)
Both Cathy and her daughter Linda have gone fishing in Canada.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.
常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：
the needle and thread 针线 salt and water 盐和水 the folk and knife 刀叉 iron and steel 钢铁
time and tide 岁月
Each of the students has a book.
Each of the girls likes dancing.
One of them has been abroad.
Neither of the two boys is good at English.
2. every one of, one of, each of, either of,
neither of +复数名词作主语，谓语用
单数。
“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构
如果one前面没有限定词，这个句型中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果one前面有the only, the first, the last, the right等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
John is the only one of the students who has the keys.
John is one of the students who have the keys.
3. more than one, many a + 单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。(形单意复)
More than one student has tried.
Many a student and teacher is watching the football match.
Many a man has died in the war.
4. each/every/no/many a + 单数名词 and
each/every/no/many a + 单数名词作主
语，谓语动词用单数。
Each book and each paper is found in its
place.
Every boy and every girl has the right to
receive education.
Many a boy and many a girl has seen
these paintings.
Every hour and minute is important.
(第二个each, every, many a可以省略。)
5. a+单数名词+and a half， a+单数名词
+or two 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One or two boys know it.
One and a half months have passed since I saw him.
one or two +复数名词, one and a half +复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。
A year and a half has passed.
A day or two is enough.
none of指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；指代复数名词作主语，强调全体，谓语用复数更好一些；着重个别，则用单数较好。
6. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。
None of the money is yours.
None of us have/has ever been abroad.
All are present.
All the food tastes good.
7. “a number of＋复数名词”作主语，
谓语用复数; “许多”；
“the number of＋复数名词”作主语，
谓语用单数。“……的数量”。
The number of traffic accidents has increased.
A number of children like this song.
the quantity of + 复数名词或不可数名词，
谓语用单数。
8. Quantity/ies of +名词复数/不可数名词
quantities of + 复数名词或不可数名词，
谓语用复数。
Quantities of tea were sold last month.
a quantity of +复数名词, 谓语用复数。
a quantity of +不可数名词, 谓语用单数。
A large quantity of beer was sold out.
The quantity of books in the library is
amazing.
9. population 做主语指人口,谓语用单数；指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；分数/百分数+ of the population做主语，谓语用复数。
The Olympic Games are held every four years.
10. the Olympic Games, the Asian Games 做主语，谓语用复数。
The population of the village is 538.
One third of the population here are workers.
half most enough part the rest the last lots some plenty 分数 百分数
+of +名词作主语
谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。
11.
1. Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
2. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.
3. Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.
4. Forty-five percent of the doctors were women.
5. The rest of this article explains and
demonstrates how to do this.
12. 集体名词class, family, army, team,
club, population, enemy, party, crowd,
majority, crew, audience, government,
public, group, committee等作主语。强调
整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。
His family is in Harbin.
His family are music lovers.
The committee was made up of 10
members.
The committee were in the hall.
但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：
2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。
Our clothing protects us from cold.
1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggage/ luggage 行李，furniture家具，scenery 景色等。
Some cattle were drinking at the pool.
3. goods, clothes, glasses, shoes, scissors及trousers, chopsticks, compasses等以复数形式出现的名词作主语，谓语用复数；
No news is good news.
4. news, politics, maths, physics, plastics等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数。
The goods belong to Mr. Wang.
13. “the＋adj./v-ed/v-ing”作主语the +
dying, young, old, blind, rich, sick,
wounded, poor及dead等词，相当于复数
名词，代表整个类别，故作主语时谓语
用复数。
The old in China are living a happy life.
The wounded have been saved.
The sick have been cured and the lost
have been found.
14. 表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。
Eight hours of sleep is enough.
A hundred miles is a long distance.
Ten pounds was missing from my pocket.
Twenty years has passed since he left
his hometown.
15. 动名词、不定式、从句做主语
Making speeches is not her strong point.
1) 单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语用单数。
2) 由and连接的两个(或多个)动名词或不
定式作主语：如果并列的动名词或不定
式语义相同或相似，谓语用单数；如果
语义不一致，则谓语用复数。
Lying and stealing are not right.
To love and to be loved is sweet to me.
3) 由that, where, when, whether, how等词引导的名词性从句作主语，主句的谓语常用单数形式。
①When and where to hold the meeting ___ not decided.
②When to hold the meeting and where to have lunch ____ not decided.
is
are
How they can finish their work is still unknown.
Where we will go has not been decided.
4) 由what引导的名词性从句作主语，谓语一般用单数(表语是复数时也可用复数)；如果what从句是带有复数意义的并列结构，主句的谓语用复数。
What they are after is money.
What we want are/is promises.
What he says and (what he) does do not agree.
16. 由…or…, either…or, neither…nor,
not only…but also…, not…but… 等连接
的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主
语的名词在单复数上保持一致—就近原
则。
Not only he but also I am invited.
I or his brothers were to blame.
Neither I nor he is to attend the meeting.
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
17. 当 there be/here be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
Here are some of my ideas.
The teacher with a number of students
is in the classroom.
Tom, as much as you, was responsible for
the loss.
18. 主语后跟 “with, along with, together
with, like, unlike, besides, but, except,
including, as well as, as much as, rather
than, more than, no less than, and not +名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。
1. The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already.
A. has read B. have read
C. are reading D. is reading
2. All but one ____ in the accident.
A. was killed B. were killed
C. will be killed D. are killed
3. The number of people invited ___fifty, but a number of them ___ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
4. ____ of the land in that district ____
covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
5. Mathematics ____ the language of
science.
A. is B. are going to be
C. are D. were
6. A good deal of money ____ spent on
books.
A. have B. has
C. have been D. has been
7. On the wall ____ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang
C. hanged D. hanging
8. ____ turn green in spring.
A. Leaf B. Leafs
C. Leave D. Leaves
1. 复习被动语态的现在式
和过去式。
2. 复习主谓一致。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
On a dark night, a monk seeking the real Buddha was walking in a desolate village.
The monk walked round an alley and saw a weak light ____________ (approach). One villager nearby said, “ A blind man is coming.” The monk felt entirely puzzled _____ the blind man’s deed. A blind man ___________ (suppose) to have no concept of day and night and cannot see anything around him. He could even not know what the “light” looked______. But the blind man was surprisingly holding a lantern, _______ made the monk feel ridiculous.
approaching
at
is supposed
like
which
The monk asked the blind man, “Excuse me, are you really a blind man ” “Yes, I have been blind______ I came to this world,” the blind man replied. The monk continued asking, “_____ are you still holding a lantern ” The blind man said, “If there is no light on the dark night, all others in the world are also blind like me.” The monk got the point_________ (sudden) and said, “So you lit up the lantern to illuminate others ” But the blind man replied, “ No, I do it for myself. I am holding a lantern in the dark so that ______ can see me.” Hearing the blind man’s words, the _________ (confuse) monk felt enlightened: only by lighting up a light for others can we illuminate ourselves.
since
Why
suddenly
others
confused
Homework
Do the exercises of Grammar 1&2 on P5 and P7.

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