资源简介

(共39张PPT)
译林牛津英语单语词组归纳
选择性必修四
Unit 2 Understanding each other
1 send an email 发电子邮件（P16）
2 leave a message 留言（P16）
3 have a conversation with sb 和某人交谈（P16）
【语境助记】
Every time we send an email, leave a message or have a conversation with somebody, we are communicating.
4 interpret…as…把……理解为/解释为……（P16）
5 be accompanied by 伴随；相伴而生（P16）
【语境助记】
They (The two words “Hey you!”) could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if accompanied by a gentle smile.
I didn't know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.
The scientists interpret the girls' excitement as meaning they are trying to understand what they have just seen.
Children under 15 years are free and must be accompanied by an adult.
Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
6 function as 起……作用；充当……（P16）
7 a means of attracting one’s attention 吸引某人注意力的方式（P16）
【语境助记】
When spoken by a stranger, they (the two words “Hey you!”) can function as a means of attracting your attention.
The sofa also functions as a bed.
On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workspace.
The card, which can function as a debit（借记卡）, credit or prepaid card, is entirely anonymous.
8 be dependent on/upon 依赖，依靠；取决于（P16）
9 not only…but also…不仅……而且……（P16）
10 look into 调查；观察；看；窥视（P16）
【语境助记】
Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. So, let’s look a little deeper into the topic of communication.
You can't be dependent on your parents all your life.
The festival is heavily dependent on sponsorship for its success.
A child's development is dependent on many factors.
The government has set up a commission to look into those crimes.
There is growing pressure on NATO to at least address the issue and look into it.
11 in response (to) 作为回应（P16）
12 refer to…as…把……看作……（P16）
【语境助记】
In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to as feedback.
These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
Millions of people gave freely in response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake. 为响应救济地震灾民的呼吁，几百万人慷慨相助。
This stretching of capacity is what most people refer to as stress.
这种伸展的能力就是大多数人称为的压力。
13 depend on/upon 依靠；依赖；取决于（P16）
14 communicate with 和……交流（P16）
【语境助记】
Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger, friend, family member or co-worker, you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation.
The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato.
He depended on his writing for his income.
Starting salary varies from ￡20, 000 to ￡25,000, depending on experience.
Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other.
Officials of the CIA depend heavily on e-mail to communicate with each other.
13 negotiate with 与……协商/商谈（P17）
14 face to face 面对面（P17）
15 in a manner 以某种方式；在某种意义上（P17）
【语境助记】
For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a
large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language in a straightforward manner.
You have to negotiate with the locals to get better prices to buy what you need.
It is not clear whether the president is willing to negotiate with the Democrats.
Threatening happens not only face to face but also through the Internet, social media and the telephone.
Mum added that she could talk to her two children face to face instead of turning around.
She smiled again in a friendly manner.
I'm a professional and I have to conduct myself in a professional manner.
16 be attentive to 注意；留心（P17）
17 look away 转移目光；扭头看别处（P17）
【语境助记】
A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.
Parents should be more attentive to their children's needs.
He was absolutely attentive to research into the cause of cancer.
He wishes the government would be more attentive to detail in their response.
Most of us look away when we pass strangers.
She looked at him in such distress（忧伤）that he had to look away.
18 be knowledgeable about 通晓……；有见识（P17）
【语境助记】
While being knowledgeable about body language is vital, the value of empathy should not be understated.
John is very knowledgeable about Chinese music.
Do you think you are more knowledgeable about life than your parents were at your age
19 seek to do sthg 力图做某事（P17）
20 put yourself/be in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地（P17）
21 look at the situation from one’s perspective 用别人的眼光看待
问题（P17）
【语境助记】
Seek to understand the other person’s emotions, by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.
If I were (put) in your shoes, I'd resign immediately.
I wouldn't like to be in your shoes when they find out about it. 等他们弄清事情真相的时候，你的日子就很不好过了。
Try to see the issue from a different perspective .
A report has been released that looks at the education system from the perspective of deaf people.
22 be/get confused about 感到困惑（P17）
【语境助记】
However, some issues may be complicated and you may be confused about why others feel the way they do.
People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.
A survey showed people were confused about what they should eat to stay healthy.
Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents confused about their roles in society.处于这样的经济困难时期，许多青少年可能对自己在社会中扮演的角色感到困惑。
23 give serious consideration to 认真考虑（P17）
24 one’s point(s) of view 某人的观点（P17）
25 account for sth 是……的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占（P17）
【语境助记】
Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them.
Keep in mind that body language plays a huge role in communication because it (3) accounts for over 50 per cent of communication.（P19）
It's time to give serious consideration to this matter.
What cannot be neglected, however, is the necessity to always give consideration to the consumer experience.
Try to put yourself in his or her place to give consideration to his or her varied wishes, demand , interest and difficulties.
How do you account for the fact that unemployment is still rising
The gene they discovered today doesn't account for all those cases.
Exactly, these gases account for nearly half the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.
26 approve of 赞成，赞同（17）
27 make adjustments (to) 调整（P17）
【语境助记】
You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from, which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.
I don't approve of violence in any shape or form.
Most people no longer approve of smoking in public places.
She doesn't approve of me/my leaving school this year.
I've made a few adjustments to the design.
He will have to make major adjustments to his thinking if he is to survive in office.
28 enable sb to do sthg 让某人能够做某事（P17）
29 settle differences and disagreements 解决分歧（P17）
30 improve one’s interactions with others 提升和别人的交往（P17）
【语境助记】
Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with others.
The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.
The spacecraft will enable scientists to study some dark corners of the solar system.
The support systems to enable women to realize their potential at work are seriously inadequate.
31 apart from 除……之外；除了；远离（P20）
32 in terms of 依据；按照；就……而言（P20）
【语境助记】
Apart from the differences in language such as pronunciation and vocabulary, there is a significant gap in terms of communication styles.
Apart from food and drinks, its stores offer paper and cleaning products and pet-care supplies.
The ability to customize products sold online can have benefits apart from its appeal to customers.
33 no sooner…than…一……就……（P20）
34 leave/make an impression on/upon sb 给某人留下印象（P20）
【语境助记】
No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home. But it surely left an impression on me.
No sooner had I sat down than there was a loud knock on the door.
No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.
【同义词组】hardly/scarcely…when…一……就……
Hardly had I come out of the railway station when my parents ran to me and helped me carry my luggage.
Hardly could I hold back my excitement when I heard that you will come to China.
We had hardly sat down to supper when the phone rang.
His trip to India made/left a strong impression on him.
35 have a preference for 偏爱，偏好（P20）
36 fail to do sthg 没能做成某事；失败做某事（P20）
37 get straight to the point 直击要点（P20）
【语境助记】
Now, when speaking to Americans, who have a preference for the direct style, I found that I often failed to get straight to the point.
Does Lucy have a preference for a particular colour
Why some people tend to have a preference for red or white wine
I needn't add that if you fail to do as I ask, you will suffer the consequences.
In fact, so-called gifted students may fail to do well because they are unusually smart.
I'll come straight to the point —your work isn't good enough.
The description which he had been given was brief and to the point.
38 by the end of 到……结束时（P20）
39 have a better understanding of/about…有更好的理解（P20）
【语境助记】
By the end of the exchange year, I had a somewhat better understanding of how to communicate in both countries, but I still have a lot to master.
By the end of the match, the sweat was pouring off him.
I've set myself to finish the job by the end of the month.
They have to have a basic understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology.
We finally came to an understanding about what hours we would work.
40 vary from 不同；不同于（P21）
41 be related to 和……有关（P21）
【语境助记】
There are many different taboos around the world, (1) few of which are universal. They often vary from society to society. Taboos are usually related to certain items or people.
Tastes and preferences vary from individual to individual.
The importance of being an Olympian will vary from athlete to athlete.
I think there will be some embarrassing data and it will vary from country to country.
In the future, pay increases will be related to productivity.
The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic.
42 be likely to do sthg 可能做某事（P21）
43 feel upset or embarrassed 感到不适或尴尬（P21）
44 have (no) intention of (doing) sthg（没有）有意图（不）做某事（P21）
【语境助记】
Those (2) who break taboos are likely to feel upset or embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others, and the situation will also be awkward for the people around them.
I have no intention of going to the party.
I have every intention of paying her back what I owe her.
45 be (not) aware of（没）注意到（P21）
【语境助记】
If you are not aware of the differences, (3) which may seem unimportant to us, some strange things might happen.
Smokers are well aware of the dangers to their own health.
It's probably why so many people are so aware of different kinds of music now.
Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved.
46 correspond to 符合于；相当于（P21）
47 sound like 听起来像（P21）
【语境助记】
This is because the word that corresponds to “umbrella” in Chinese
sounds like another Chinese word (4) which means “to separate”.
Their conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses（设想）.
The written record of his conversation didn't correspond to what was actually said.
The findings also correspond to an air temperature increase of 1.8 degrees Celsius over the past 150 years.
This might sound like silly advice, but it's actually the most important.
“Stereotype” （刻板印象）may sound like a bad word, but there's nothing bad about it.
48 travel to a new country 到新国家旅游（P21）
49 find out (about) 查明；找出；发现（P21）
【语境助记】
Before you travel to a new country, it is a good idea to find out about the local taboos.
We can find out how much money is spent on food in any given period.
What exactly is colour-blindness and how do you find out if you have it
Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job.
They will find out about health standards if they want to go swimming in the sea.
50 spare sb (from) embarrassment 避免尴尬/难堪（P21）
51 change with the times 随时代而改变；与时俱进（P21）
【语境助记】
If you know what to avoid and how to behave, you will spare yourself embarrassment. Mind that taboos change with the times. Some behavior (5) that was not tolerated before might be accepted now.
I wanted to spare Frances the embarrassment of discussing this subject.
He wanted to spare his mother any anxiety.
You could have spared yourself an unnecessary trip by phoning in advance. 你要是先打个电话就用不着跑这一趟了。
People's interests tend to change with age.
These opinions will change with time, and vary from place to place.
52 give sb a head start 给某人先行一步的优势（P23）
53 in one’s future career 某人的未来生涯（P23）
【语境助记】
“Learning the world’s most spoken language might give Mary-Jo a head start in her future career,” says her mother Alison.
A good education gives your child a head start in life.
良好的教育会使你的孩子赢在人生的起跑线。
Being able to speak French gave her a head start over the other candidates.
China had a head start in the competition, and is maintaining its lead comfortably. 中国在争夺中处于领先，并且舒适地维持着其领先位置。
54 sign up for/sign sb up for 报名参加/给某人报名参加（P23）
55 be keen for sb to do sthg 强烈要求某人做某事（P23）
56 see…as… 把……看作……（P23）
57 be fluent in a language 流利说语言（P23）
【语境助记】
More and more ambitious parents in the world are signing their children up for Chinese classes. Keen for their sons and daughters to succeed in life, they see being fluent in a second or third language as an advantage.
What language class did you sign up for
I'd like to sign up for some voluntary work with the environment council.
Young people are keen for fashion.
Parents are always keen for their children to be successful, making their children very stressful.
His colleagues see him as a future director.
Jessica saw him as a visionary（梦想家）, but her father saw him as a man who couldn't make a living.
58 see…from a new perspective 用新的观点看问题（P23）
59 broaden one’s mind/horizons 开阔心胸，开阔眼界（P23）
【语境助记】
They want to know all about its traditions, dynasties and art forms. Learning Chinese helps them see life from a new perspective and broaden their minds to the outside world.
Try to see the issue from a different perspective.
The local government has released a report that looks at the education system from the perspective of deaf people.
Few would disagree that travel broadens the mind.
Spending a year working in the city helped Tom to broaden his horizons .
Reading is really good to a person because we can learn a lot from books and broaden our horizons.
60 come as no surprise 不足为奇；意料之中（P25）
61 given (that) 考虑到（P25）
62 borrow…from…从……借……（P25）
【语境助记】
This comes as no surprise, given that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages, including Latin, Greek, French and Chinese.
However, English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages—borrowed words can be found in almost all languages.（P25）
The findings would come as no surprise to some social scientists.
It may come as no surprise, but they also stress the importance of eating a healthy breakfast.
Given that you are still young, I forgive you.
Given that we can't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.
63 replace…with…用……替换……（P25）
【语境助记】
Over time, the sounds that are difficult to pronounce have been replaced with more familiar ones.
It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
I clean out all the grease（油脂）and replace it with oil so it works better in very low temperatures.
64 be in use 在使用中（P25）
65 sound like 听起来像（P25）
66 look like（看起来像）（P25）
【语境助记】
The longer a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use.
It's also not clear whether the organism, first engineered by a German institute for biotechnology, is still in use.
67 an outcome of language development 语言发展的结果（P25）
68 oppose adopting words from other cultures 反对使用其他文化的词汇（P25）
【语境助记】
Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided, but some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures.
I would oppose changing the law.
Early Christians in Europe adopted many of the practices of the older, pagan（异教的）religions.
69 an extremely small number of speakers 极少数说语言的人（P26）
70 such as 比如；诸如（P26）
71 under this circumstance 在这种情况下（P26）
72 a matter of survival 生存的问题（P26）
73 reject outside influences 拒绝外在的影响（P26）
【语境助记】
Some languages have an extremely small number of speakers, such as the Native American Navajo language, used only by the members of the tribe. Under this circumstance, it becomes a matter of survival for the native language to reject outside influences.
Under this circumstance, our bilateral economic cooperation has acquired global significance.
Under this circumstance, vehicle safety driving assistant technique has drawn great attentions.
74 be pessimistic about 对……感到悲观（P26）
75 the exchange between languages 语言间的交换（P26）
【语境助记】
While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages, there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words.
Not everyone is so pessimistic about the future.
The Brazil Football Team appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning.
76 be based on/upon 以……为基础（P26）
77 hesitate about (doing) 犹豫（做）（P26）
78 absorb…into…吸纳……；吸收……（P26）
【语境助记】
English, especially, is based on a mix of Latin, Greek and Germanic languages. The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary.
The decision was based on emotion rather than rational thought（理性思维）.
The 350-page report was based on statements from witnesses to the events.
Do you still hesitate about going abroad for further study I hope I can give you some advice.
If your parents have questions or hesitate about letting you go, find out what their worries are and then do your best to answer them.
The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.
The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city
79 allow…to do sthg 允许……做某事（P26）
80 enable…to do sthg 让……能够做某事（P26）
81 make(s) it possible for sb to do sthg 某人可能做某事（P26）
82 share…with…和……分享……（P26）
【语境助记】
Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop, enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new-found ease.
83 according to 按照；根据（P26）
84 for better or for worse 不管怎样（P26）
【语境助记】
According to the linguist Edward Sapir, “It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated language ...” For better or for worse, the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style.
For better or for worse, actions like these are very difficult to implement in most countries.
Never underestimate the power of your actions. With one small gesture you can change a person's life. For better or for worse.
85 make eye contact 眼神交流（P27）
86 try out 试用；试穿（P27）
87 get up 起来；起床（P27）
88 fall off 脱落；掉落；下降；减少（P27）
89 feel bad about 感到难过/懊悔（P27）
【语境助记】
(Making eye contact and speaking slowly and sincerely) When I was
trying out your skateboard, I slipped. When I got up, I found one of
the wheels had fallen off—I’m so sorry! I feel really bad about it.
Some owners wish they could try out the car in a race track.
The company has made other models to try out on business.
When your exhaust pipe（排气管）falls off, you have to replace it.
It's important to tighten up the wheels properly, otherwise they vibrate loose and fall off.
90 look down (at)向下看（P27）
91 make a jump over a low fence 跨越低矮的栅栏（P27）
92 take good care of 好好照看；爱护（P27）
【语境助记】
(Embarrassed, looking down at the floor) It happened when I made a jump over a low fence—it was my fault. I should have taken better care of it.

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