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译林英语8B Unit4重点讲解
Welcome:
1. Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo 霍波, 你已经决定了怎样处理这些书吗？
疑问词what + to do sth
我不知道下一步做什么。 I don’t know what to do next.
=I don’t know how to do it next.
2. 我原来不知道你喜欢书的。I didn’t know you liked books.
我原以为你会游泳的。I thought you could swim.
3. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.
have to do sth.不得不做某事
天快黑了。他现在得回家了。It’s getting dark. He has to go home now.
4.提高某人过去的知识 improve one’s knowledge of the past
5.那个法国作家的一本书 a book by the French writer
6.这个丑男的故事真正地感动了我。The story of the ugly man really touched me.
7. French 法国（人）的 /法语 ; Frenchman 法国人(复) Frenchmen ; France 法国
8．Germany 德国 ； German 德国（人）的，德语 ﹝德国人(复) Germans﹞
Reading：
1. After our ship crash against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.
as far as I could / can 尽可能的远 = as far as possible
他尽快地跑出了大楼。He ran out of the building as fast as he could
= as fast as possible.
我们应该尽早去赶早班车。We should catch the early bus as early as we can/possible.
请尽快给我写信。Please write to me as soon as you can/possible.
2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.
1) by the time 到… 的时候 （+句子）
我们到山顶的时候，精疲力竭了。
By the time we reached the top of the mountain, we were tired out.
2) be tired out 筋疲力尽
我整个上午都在跳舞，我筋疲力尽了。I was dancing all the morning, I was tired out.
上完体育课，我通常筋疲力尽了。After PE lessons, I am usually tired out.
3. I fell down on the beach and went to sleep.
fall down 摔倒；倒塌
几个月内这房屋也许会倒塌。The house may fall down in a few months
与fall相关的短语： 摔倒 fall over ； 得病fall ill / sick ; 入睡 fall asleep
从树上摔下来fall off the tree =fall down from the tree
4. My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground!
1) be tied to … 被捆/栓在…上
这条狗被拴在了树上。The dog was tied to the tree
2) tie…to … 把捆/栓在…上
那些小人把Gulliver的胳膊、腿和头发栓到了地上。
Those small men tied Gulliver’s arms, legs and hair to the ground
5. He was the same size as my little finger!
我书包的颜色和我妹妹的一样。My school bag is the same colour as my sister’s
这座塔和那座高度是一样的。This tower is the same height as that one.
6. 1) A is the same as B A 和B 一样
这些箱子和那些一模一样。These boxes are the same as those ones.
2) A is the same +n.+as B A和B某方面一样
3) A is as + adj. + as B A和B一样…
这些箱子和那些箱子一样重。These boxes are the same weight as those ones.
= These boxes are as heavy as those ones.
7. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.
continue doing / to do something
这场雨整整一下午都下个不停。The rain continued falling/to fall all afternoon.
你打算在饭后继续讲这个故事吗？
Are you going to continue to tell / telling the story after dinner
8.Soon more small men started climbing all over me.
One of these small men began talking to me.
begin/start to do/doing sth
医生是什么时候开始做手术的？When did the doctor begin to do/doing the operation
★有区别的动词： stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 / doing sth 停止做正在做的事情
forget /remember to do要去做某事 / doing sth 做过某事
9. I didn’t know what to say either.
either 也 (否定句末）/ too 也（肯定句末）
We have decided where to go for our holiday, too.
（否定句） We haven’t decided where to go for our holiday, either.
10. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.
manage to do sth. 设法完成某事
你是怎么设法到达那里的？ How did you manage to get there
我们设法准时完成这个报告. We manage to finish the report on time.
11. I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people.
an army of 意思是“一群……”
一群蚂蚁an army of ants 一大群蚂蚁a huge army of ants
★ army 军队(陆军） : 参军 join the army ; 她的丈夫在陆军服役。Her husband is in the army
12. be able /unable to do sth
他发现他自己不能动。 He found himself unable to move.
我发现英语有趣。 I find English interesting.
★ be able to do sth. = can do sth. / be unable to do sth. = can’t do sth.
五岁时我不会游泳。I couldn’t swim at five years old.. = I was unable to swim at five years old.
Grammar:
Grammar A: 疑问词+ to do sth.
1. 动词 + 疑问词 to do sth.
常用动词有：know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, understand 等。
疑问词: what, which, who,how, when, where …
( 注意：why 不能加 to do sth.)
例如：Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.
Sandy is wondering where to ask for help.
Kitty can’t decide which to choose first.
2. 动词+宾语 + 疑问词 to do sth.
advise, ask, show, teach, tell 等，其后可以接双宾语。
例如：Mr Wu advised us which to choose as after-school activities.
Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw.
The students asked their teacher when to hand in their work.
3.疑问词+名词 + to do sth.
what, which, whose, how many, how much+名词+ to do sth. 。
例如：She wondered how many subjects to choose.
They are discussing which colour to paint the walls.
You can ask your parents how much money to take with you.
4.形容词+ 疑问词 to do sth.
形容词有： sure, clear …
例如：Suzy was not sure who to ask for help.
Are you clear when to meet at the gate tomorrow
★ I don’t know what to do. = I don’t know what I should do. (陈述句语序)
She can’t decide which to buy. =She can’t decide which she will/should buy. (陈述句语序)
Grammar B： must 和 have to
一.1. must 主观感受
“I must run away from them,” Gulliver thought.
You must keep quiet in the library. You must return these books on time.
2. have to 客观条件决定
I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.
It’s getting dark. She has to go home. They had to renew the books yesterday.
二. 1.mustn’t 表示： 禁止不准
你不准在这里抽烟。You must not smoke here.
你不准在图书馆吃喝。You mustn’t eat or drink in the library.
2. have to 否定 do not have to, 不必，不需要 =need not = do not need to。
他们目前没有必要买电脑。They do not have to buy a computer at the moment.
= needn’t = don’t need to
他不必走。He does not have to go.
= needn’t = doesn’t need to
三. Must I finish writing this article today
→Yes, you must. → No, you needn’t. / don’t have to. / don’t need to.
四. 表猜测
(一) must 肯定 / can’t 不可能
走了那么远的路，你一定饿了吧。You must be hungry after all that walking.
那肯定不是Lucy，她已经去了美国。That can’t be Lucy. She has gone to American.
（二）肯定句：He may be Li Lei. 他可能是李雷。
否定句：He may not be Li lei. 他可能不是李雷。
一般疑问句：Can he be Li Lei 他可能是李雷吗？
特殊疑问句：Who can he be 他可能是谁？
1. return 1) 归还=give back return the book to the library=give the book back to the library
2) 返回return= come/go back return home = come/go back home
return to school =come/go back to school
2. return sb. sth.= return sth. to sb. 3. hand it in
4. in such a short time 在如此短的时间内 such a good book 这么好的一本书
5. I know who to ask for help with writing ( 向谁寻求写作方面的帮助)
6. 1）by the time +句子 到…时间为止
a. 昨晚到我完成家作时为止，我很累了。
By the time I finished my homework last night, I was tired out.
2）every time +句子 每次…
a.每次我完成家作时，妈妈就会给我点吃的。
Every time I finish my homework, my mother will give me something to eat.
b. 每次你去图书馆时，你不必带学生证，但记得要带好你的借书证。
You don’t have to bring your student card every time you go to the library, but remember to bring your library card.
Integrated skills:
1. read them to her sister
2. get the idea for the first Harry Potter story on a train trip to London
3.finish the first Harry Potter book 4.finish the seventh/last book of the series
5.refuse to publish it （refuse to do sth； manage to do sth； fail to do sth…）
6. accept it / 区别 receive
7. be translated into about 70 languages over 450 million copies in over 200 countries and areas ( translate…into… 把...译成... / be translated into… 被译成…)
8. a great success 9. the last one of the series
10. the Harry Potter series 11. in/at the very beginning (强调）
12.一份… a copy of… 13.一系列…a series of…
14. so far 到目前为止= till now = up to now
Speak up and Study skills:
1.连词 显示时间： before , after, while, at first, soon, later, when…
显示顺序： first, second, next , then, finally…
加更多信息： and, also, too, again, and then, either, moreover…
举例：for example 强调： never , in fact
显示原因和结果： because, since, as ,so, as a result … ( because 和 so 只能用一个）
比较,对照： but , however , on the one hand … on the other (hand) , while , otherwise…
2.enjoy reading the books of …
3. tell the story of a young boy (who sailed the sea to look for hidden treasure )
4. I am not as shy as I used to be. 5.I am willing to try new things
6.decide to write my own story
7. experience n. 经历（可数)，经验 (不可数）
have exciting experiences 经历 / have much experience in teaching 经验
8. How long can I keep the books (延续性词)
Task:
1. I spend over seven hours a week reading different types of books.
different types/kinds of 意为 “不同种类的”。
图书馆里有许多不同种类的书。There are many different types of books in the library.
2. It is just opposite my home.
在……对面 (be) opposite sb./sp ; 与……相反 be the opposite of…
邮局是在银行对面吗？ Is the post office opposite the bank
澳大利亚的季节和我们的相反。 Australian seasons are the opposite of ours.
3. My friends give me lots of advice on books.
1) advice n. 建议, 忠告, 劝告 (不可数）
我征求了老师的意见。I asked the teacher for his advice.
你能在旅游方面给我一些建议吗？Could you give me some advice on travelling
2) advise v. 建议,劝告 advise sb (not) to do sth
吴先生经常建议我们在空闲时间多看书。
Mr.Wu often advises us to read more books in our spare time.
他总是劝告他的学生们不要在电脑游戏上花太多的时间。
He always advises his students not to spend too much time on computer games.
4. We often meet together and discuss what to read.
discuss sth. 讨论某事 / discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事
他们正在讨论怎样处理这个污染问题。
They are discussing what to do with the problem of pollution.
5. They also open up a whole new world to me. （open up 打开; 开发; 开辟）
这项新工作将为我开辟一个全新的世界。This new job will open up a whole new world to me.
6. on weekdays 在工作日 / at the weekend = at weekends 在周末
7. How much time do you spend reading each week
8. Who do you usually ask for advice on books

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