资源简介

(共51张PPT)
单
词
课
堂
版本：新译林
单元：必修二 Unit 3（Grammar and usage — Assessment）
本单元词汇梳理
1. earn：词块：earn a / one’s living, earn money
2. apartment：apartment是美式英语，对应的英式英语是flat
拓展：在英国，人们原本习惯居住在独立的房屋中。直到19世纪末期，随着城市化进程和人口增加，伦敦城中传统的独立房屋的价格日益昂贵，越来越多的人负担不起，因此出现了公寓楼。这种楼房由多层构成，每一层都是单独的一套居住单位，人们可以购买或租用楼房中的一层。在英语中，人们管这种楼房中的一套居住单位称为 flat，本意是“一层、一个平面”，而一栋公寓楼则称为 a block of flats。flat中的一个房间称作 apartment，意思是flat中的一个part （部分）。但到了美国，美国人逐渐用 apartment 来表示整个flat。但是在英国、香港、新加坡等英联邦国家中，人们还是使用 flat 来表示一套公寓。
3. hunt：一词多义：基本义“猎捕” （隐喻思维）；派生词：hunter
4. chain：一词多义：基本义“链条” （隐喻思维）
词块：the food chain, in chain, a chain of events / thoughts
5. income：in- (进入、里面) + come (来) ；词块：high- / low-income families
6. package：pack (一包) + -age
词块：mail / post / send a package, receive / sign for a package
7. promote：pro- (forward 向前) + -mot- (move 移动) + -e构成
词源义和基本义是“向前移动，向前发展”。
熟词生义：晋升；促销
派生词：promotion
8. observe：ob- (向前) + -servare (保护) ，词源义是“保持”，也是基本义
同根词：preserve (保护), reserve (保留), conserve (保护)
observe是正式用语，对应watch, see, notice
9. nation：词族：nation, national, nationality, international
10. honour：词块：in honour of, it’s an / one’s honour to do sth, feel honoured to do sth
11. generation：generate + -ion (名词后缀)
基本义：代（隐喻：产品的代，4G, 5G）
词块：from generation to generation, generation gap
12. source：一词多义：基本义“源头”；词块：the major source of
13. identity：词源义 “同一”、“同一性”(sameness)
词族：identity, identify, identical
14. previous：pre- (before 在前) + via (road 路)
派生词：previously 词块：previous to
15. duty：词源：来自due, 欠债的、应当的。引申词义责任、税；
词块：a sense of duty, do one’s duty, on / off duty
16. precious：词源同price和prize；词块：precious to
17. plate：一词多义：板块；平板；金属牌 (联想开关面板)
18. sort：近义词：type / kind；名词动词化：整理 / 分类
词块：sort of, sort out (from)
19. bite：词源义“咬；撕”，词源同bit；词块：have / take a bite of = bite
20. select：精准的汉语释义：精选 (to choose carefully)
近义词： choose（select更为正式）
词块：select sb / sth for sth, select sb / sth as sth, select sb / sth to do sth
21. settle：一词多义：词源义come to rest，基本义“定下来”
词块：settle down, settle for
派生词：settlement, settler
22. convenient：convenient → convenience；句式：it is convenient (for sb) to do sth
23. represent：词源：由“re- (表示强调) + present”构成，词源义是“to place before 呈上”，基本义是“呈现”
派生词：representative
24. firework：fire + work；常用复数：fireworks show 烟花表演
25. fortune：词源：fortune源自幸运女神的名字Fortuna
词族：fortune, fortunate, fortunately, unfortunate, unfortunately, misfortune
词块：make a / one fortune, good fortune
26. tear：同形异义词：“撕碎”和“眼泪”来源于不同的词
词块：in tears
名词动词化
词族
nation
identity
英语释义
settle
一词多义
重难点词
精讲
promote
一词多义
英语释义
select
辨析义
英语释义
fortune
词源
一词多义
observe
一词多义
英语释义
辨析义
隐喻
话题词汇
promote
特蕾莎修女（嬷嬷）（Mother Teresa of Calcutta，1910－1997），是世界著名的天主教慈善工作者，因其一生致力于消除贫困，于1979年获得诺贝尔和平奖（the Nobel Peace Prize）。她在接受诺贝尔和平奖时说道：“你能为促进世界和平做些什么呢 回家爱你的家人吧。”
promote vt
促进；推动 to help sth to happen or develop (encourage)：
promote international cooperation
All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. 2019 北京
We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage innovation.
Good listening can show respect, promote understanding,
and improve interpersonal relationship. 2008 江苏改
promote 词源解读
promote = pro- (forward 向前) + -mot- (move 移动) + -e。词源义是“向前移动，向前发展”。
前缀为pro-的词: progress
词根mot的同根词: motor
[常用于被动语态] 晋升：
He has been promoted to general manager.
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty. 2014 安徽
促销；推广：
What is the advertisement promoting
【词汇拓展】
promotion n [C] & [U] 晋升；促销；[U] 促进：
get a promotion
向前发展
promote
（基本义）
promote语义网络图
职位
“向前发展”
使某事
“向前发展”
晋升
促进；推动
促销；推广
产品销售
“向前发展”
observe
《福尔摩斯探案集》(Adventure of Sherlock Holmes) 是英国作家阿瑟·柯南·道尔（Arthur Conan Doyle）的著名作品。
柯南道尔小说的故事结构、推理手法和奇巧的构思都给该类题材的小说树立了范本，他是当之无愧的文学大师，他将侦探小说推向了一个崭新的时代。
《福尔摩斯探案全集》可谓是开辟了侦探小说历史“黄金时代”的不朽经典，风靡全世界，是历史上最受读者推崇的侦探小说。
《福尔摩斯探案集》中福尔摩斯的名言：
You see, but you do not observe. 你看到，但没有观察。
observe词源解读
observe由ob- (in front of, before 向前) 和词根-servare (protect 保护) 构成。词源义是“保持（to hold to）”，这也是它的基本义。
vt & vi [正式用语] 观察；观测：
observe the behaviour of birds
Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing
experiments in the lab.
vt [正式用语] 察觉到；注意到：
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour.
observe … doing / do sth
强调保持看的过程；比watch正式
强调保持看的结果；比notice正式
vt [正式用语] 说；评论 to say or write what you have noticed about a situation：
He observed that it would probably rain.
vt 遵守 / 奉行（法律、习俗等）：
observe the law / the local customs
vt [正式用语] 举行（仪式）；庆祝（节日）：
Do you observe Christmas in your country
释义 是低义频释义，但在近年高考阅读和写作中出现过，需注意。
保持
observe
基本义
“保持”看
“保持”法律、习俗等
“保持”过节、举办仪式等
动作
结果
观察；观测
察觉到；注意到
遵守 / 奉行 (法律、习俗等)
举行 (仪式)；庆祝 (节日)
observe语义网络图
得出结论
说；评论
observe为正式用语，指看到、注意到、观察到，也可指观察、注视、监视（to watch sb / sth carefully, especially to learn more about them or it）；it is observed that 据观察。
notice指看到或听到、注意到、注意、留意（to see, hear, or become aware of sb / sth; to pay attention to sb / sth）。
watch指看、注视、观看、观察（to look at sb / sth, paying attention to what happens）。
辨析observe, notice, watch
nation
nation国家national国家的nationalitynationalizenationallyinternational+ al（…的）+ -ity（名词后缀）+ -ly（副词后缀）inter +（在…之间）+ -ize（使…）nationalist+ -ist（…的人）identity
如此熟悉的identity
生活中我们经常听到ID这个词，可同学们是否知道它的真正含义呢？ID是英文Identity的缩写，是“身份标识号码”的意思,也称为“序列号或帐号”，是某个体系中相对唯一的编码。如“学号”、“身份证号码”、“计算机网址”等。
词源解读
identity的词源义即“同一”、“同一性”(sameness, oneness, state of being the same)。
同一性：同一类事物共同具有的典型特征，这个典型特征是这类事物区别于其他事物的地方。
[C] & [U] [缩写为ID] 身份：
Only when your identity has been checked, will you be allowed in.
identity n.
[C] & [U]（区别人或群体的）个性 / 特征：
After years of performing, he felt that in some ways he had lost his identity.
The college years are supposed to be a time for the development of adult identity. 2016 北京改
select
玩游戏的时候，你曾为“挑选”角色苦恼过吗？
挑选又如何表达呢？
I want to read an English book, but I can’t choose the right one.
The coach has not chosen me to play in the football team.
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents, and select two activities they would like to do.（2018 全国）
Select something around you that you share with the other person.（ 2015 安徽）
读下面的句子，体会choose和select的区别：
In everyday English, people usually say choose rather than select.
select
vt（经过认真思考而）挑选；精选 to choose sb / sth, usually carefully, from a number of similar things：
He selected a mobile phone for personal use.
① select sb / sth for sth:
He had hopes of being selected for the national team.
② select sb / sth as sth:
Mr Clark was selected as the Best Teacher of the Year.
③ select sb / sth to do sth:
He’s the only student in the class that has been selected to take part in the Model United Nations conference.（2014 湖北）
辨 select, choose, pick 三者都有“选择”之意。
select 指“精选”，是基于要求从同类的许多事物或人中仔细辨别后选出最合适的。select比choose更正式。
choose 指挑选自己喜欢的人或物；决定或更喜欢做某事。choose 泛指选择，可不带宾语。
You choose — I can’t decide. 你来选，我决定不了。
pick 指从一群人或一组事物中选出一个或一些，可泛指选择，口语用词。
choose to do can’t choose but do sth
choose from pick out
pick one’s words
词汇拓展
selective adj 慎重选择的；精挑细选的
selection n [U] & [C] 可选之人或物；选集：
make a selection
Selections From Charles Dickens《狄更斯选集》
settle
猜猜settle的释义
Remember that everything can be settled by discussion.
I’m glad to learn that you’ve settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local way of life.
They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
vi & vt 坐下；（使）处于舒适的位置 to get into
or put sb into a comfortable position：
She settled herself into her chair and started to read.
vi & vt（移民、殖民）定居（于）to make a place your
permanent home：
This region was settled by the Dutch in the 19th century.
vi & vt 对某事达成一致意见；解决:
settle an argument / a problem
vt [常用于被动语态] 确定；决定：
It was settled that they would get married in June.
0
settle v 词源义 come to rest
1. She breathed deeply to settle her nerves.
2. A butterfly settled on a red flower.
3. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. （2009 浙江）
4. Depression settled over her like a heavy black cloud.
5. The house had been empty for years, and dust had settled on all the furniture.
根据settle的基本义come to rest，猜猜下列句子中settle的意思。
使平静
降落
围绕
围绕
降落
停止移动、定下来
settle
基本义
人停止移动
人停止奔波
停止或结束争论分歧等
对某事达成一致意见；解决
定居
坐下；（使）处于舒适的位置
计划、安排、行程等定下来
（使）平静；（使）安定
情绪等定下来
抽象事物停止移动
降落；停留
围绕；充满
物停止移动
确定；决定
settle语义网络图
舒适地坐下 / 躺下：
They put up the tent, and settled down to eat the sandwiches. 2009 江西
安顿下来；安定下来：
When are you going to get married and settle down
（使）安静；（使 ）平静：
She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down.
settle (down) to 开始专心于；着手认真做：
With so much noise outside, I couldn’t settle down to my work.
重要搭配 settle down
词汇拓展
settlement n
[C] 协议：
come to / reach a peace settlement with
[U] 解决；处理：
the settlement of an issue
[U] 移民；殖民；开拓：
the settlement of the American West
[C] 定居点
settler n [C] 移居者；殖民者
Fortune 500
“世界500强”是中国人对美国《财富》(Fortune) 杂志每年评选的“全球最大五百家公司”排行榜的一种约定俗成的叫法。公司盈利多是跻身世界500强的先决条件，而fortune有“（大量）财产；
大笔钱”的含义，这也是用Fortune 500来表达世界500强的原因。
世界500强
词源故事
福尔图娜（Fortuna）是罗马神话中的命运女神。她主管人和国家的命运。她的形象一般为一手执羊角，象征丰饶和财富，一手执车轮，象征命运的变迁兴衰。英语单词fortune就源自幸运女神的名字Fortuna。习语wheel of fortune字面意思是“幸运女神的车轮”，比喻命运或人生的变迁。
fortune n
[U] 机遇；运气 chance or luck, especially in the way it affects people’s lives：
fortune cookies
In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year.
[C] & [U] 时运；命运：
tell sb’s fortune
What will be our fortune
[C]（大量）财产；大笔的钱 a large amount of money：
make a fortune
He received a large fortune when his uncle died.
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunate
unfortunately
fortune 的同族词
写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. Police are still combing the woods for the missing boy. ________
2. Healthy foods are packaged in green, yellow or brown packages because we think of these as healthy colours. ________
3. Perri thinks that her own life has mirrored her mother’s: both have full-time jobs; each has three children. （2013 湖北） ________
4. His bicycle chain was broken, so he chained the bicycle to the tree.
________
5. The men lined up in two lines and walked down the steps. （2009 湖北改）
________
6. What my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. （2014 上海）
________
名词动词化
英语中有很多表示实物类的名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。
包装
与……相似
搜寻
沿……排成行
（使）生根 /（使）扎根
用链拴住
写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. All the boxes were stuffed full of letters and stuff like those. ________
2. She can’t sort out all the mess and all sorts of things in the family.（2013 湖北改） ________
3. Zhang Zhongjing has been honoured as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty（朝代）. （2020 江苏改） ________
4. He began to lecture us about making too much noise. We became quiet listening to his lecture. ________
名词动词化
英语中有一些抽象名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。
处理
给予……荣誉
装满
教训 / 训斥
英语中的 metaphor（隐喻）来源于希腊语 metaphora，该词由 meta- (over) 和 pherein (to carry) 合成，合起来意思是 to carry over（拿过来）。因此，隐喻的本质是用一种事物来理解另一种事物，并且多是参照熟悉的、有形的、具体的事物来认识和表达无形的、抽象的事物。隐喻是一种思维方式，无处不在，它是多义词产生词义的主要理据。建立隐喻思维能更好地理解和掌握由基本义到衍生义这一思维。
隐喻 metaphor
典型词
单词 基本义 比喻义
curret 水流 思潮
band 带子 一伙；一帮
chain 链条 一系列
vehicle 交通工具 手段
generation 一代人 （产品发展的）代
source 源头 原因
Meanings and purposes
Festivals & Customs
Foreign festivals
promote traditional festivals, celebrate good fortune, family’s togetherness, learn about fine Chinese values, shape our national identity
April Fool’s Day, Christmas, Easter, Halloween, Father’s Day, Thanksgiving Day, the Day of the Dead, Valentine’s Day
Traditional Chinese festivals
the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Chongyang Festival / Double Ninth
Activities
wedding ceremony, bride, bridegroom, Christmas carol, costume, firework, fancy dress, sari, poster, paper-cutting, couplet
Food & drinks
beer, coke, juice, wine;
dumpling, feast, roasted meat, hotpot, moon cake, pudding, pumpkin, turkey, sticky rice balls, zongzi
话题词汇
随堂检测
promote
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.（2019 北京） ______________
2. While waiting for the chance to get promoted, Henry did his best to do his duty.（2014 安徽改） ______________
3. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed “town criers”（街头公告员）to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.（2011全国）
______________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She worked hard and was soon ___________ (promote).
2. The new job is ___________ promotion for him.
3. Her promotion ___________ Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.
促进
晋升
推销
promoted
a
to
根据所给提示完成句子。
1. _______________（仔细观察）if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.（2014 北京）
2. I wondered if I would have the time to tell Sam _________________（我所观察到的情况）.（2010 重庆）
3. It is everybody’s duty to ________________（遵守规则）to keep our society in order and going on the right track.（2015 江苏）
4. With a joyful heart we______________________（庆祝国庆节）last month.
Observe carefully
what I had observed
observe
observe the rules
observed our National Day
选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。1. After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone ___________ Park.（2017全国）2. David Beckham’s ___________ is British.（2017全国）3. Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual ____________ Jazz Day.（2017全国）4. They receive a(n) _____________ recognized and portable certification (证书) and their pay also increases again.（2010湖南）5. British government _____________ the railways in 1948.6. Once again the ______________ were disappointed in the outcome (结果).national nationalize nationality nationalist nationally internationalNationalnationalitynation词族internationalnationalizednationallynationalists将下列短语翻译成英语。
1. 身份证 _____________________
2. 发现某人的身份 ______________________
3. 保护某人的身份 ______________________
4. 社会认同 ____________________
an identity / ID card
discover sb’s identity
protect sb’s identity
social identity
identity
选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。
1. He ______________ a pair of socks to match his suit.
2. My wife is going with me to help me ________ out a new suit.
3. I cannot ____________ but wait.
4. She took a long time ____________ a new sweater.
selected
pick
to choose
choose
choose, select, pick
select
一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The man let his eyes settle upon Peter’s face. ___________
2. An uneasy silence settled over the room. ___________
3. She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down. ___________
4. We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles. ___________
5. He also raised doubts about the American road map to a peace settlement.
___________
落在 / 停留
弥漫 / 充满
安静下来
解决
和平协议
settle
二、根据汉语提示，用settle的相关短语完成句子。
1. 去年她从城里来就定居在这个村子里。
She came down last year and ________________________.
2. 虽然他跳得非常好,可是没有取得第一名,只好屈居第二了。
Although he was jumping so well, he failed to win the first prize and had to __________________.
3. 经过长时间讨论以后,他们选定了修建电站的地点。(site)
After a long discussion they __________________ for the power station.
4. 我讨厌经常外出,我想结婚然后安顿下来。
I hate all this travel. I want to ________________________.
settled down in the village
settle for the second
settled on the site
get married and settle down
写出画线词的汉语释义。
1. I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.（2012 安徽） _____________
2. She made a fortune and wore diamonds and designer clothes.（2011 江西） _____________
3. Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune. _____________
4. I met a fortune teller in the shopping mall. _____________
fortune
有好运气
发财了
一大笔钱
算命人
谢
谢
观
赏

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