资源简介 中考阅读专项-科技文阅读 第四辑(篇目1)Climate change is a big problem humans are facing. How can we deal with it Reducing carbon emissions (碳排放) is important. But what if we could capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and use it to do other things Recently, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program. It’s going to take CO2 out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel.“It will not only be good for Earth, but will also be important for Mars,” Musk tweeted. The air on Mars is made up of 95 percent CO2. If we could turn CO2 into fuel, we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the future.The idea may sound strange but it’s not totally crazy. There are already some technologies that might help with this. According to Di-Jia Liu, a chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory in the US, the carbon atoms (原子) in CO2 and the hydrogen (氢) atoms in water can be combined to make methane (甲烷) or ethanol (乙醇). They could be used as fuel. If we do this on Mars, energy from the sun might be used as a catalyst (催化剂).The idea will also make space travel more eco-friendly. “If the CO2-based fuel could be used in a rocket launch, we could prevent 715 tons of CO2 from being emitted into the air,” said Stafford Sheehan from Air Company, a US company that focuses on CO2 capture technologies.1.SpaceX is working on ______.A.Reducing CO2 emissions B.Building a new rocketC.Turning CO2 into fuel D.Traveling long distances on Mars2.What advantage will the program bring if it succeeds A.It will take energy from the sun.B.It will take 95 percent of CO2 out of the air.C.It will make it easier to travel from Mars to Earth.D.It will create free catalysts for chemical experiments.3.The underlined word “combined” in the passage means ______ in English.A.turn into B.join together C.divide into D.separate from4.From what Stafford Sheehan said, we can learn that ______.A.scientists use 715 tons of CO2 to launch a rocketB.rocket launching is an environmentally-friendly activityC.there will be no CO2 emissions anymoreD.SpaceX’s idea would be good for the environment5.What can be the best title of the passage A.Visit Space with CO2 B.Climate change we faceC.Space travel in the future D.A new program on Mars(篇目2)Can plants talk Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps(黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili(辣椒)plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi(霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.6.What will plants do when they are attacked by insects A.They will kill the insects by themselves.B.They will control the wasps to kill the insects.C.They will send out signals to ask for help.D.They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help.7.How are the wood wide web linked by fungi A.By making noises with their roots. B.By connecting the roots of different plants to each other.C.By sharing food and information with each other. D.By spreading chemicals to each other.8.What is the writer’s purpose of the last paragraph A.To give people hope for further studies. B.To praise scientists for their great achievements.C.To call on people to protect the plants on Earth. D.To inspire people to communicate with plants.9.What is the structure of the passage A. B. C. D.10.Which is the best title for the passage A.The Secret Language of Plants B.The Study about the Plant Warning SystemC.The Plants that Give Warnings D.Why Scientists Do Research about Plants(篇目3)New Zealand is a beautiful island country in the Pacific Ocean. There, snowy mountains rise high above the sea and grassy hills go across the land for miles. However, if you spend some time walking around the land, you’ll smell something different. Almost 30 million sheep and 10 million cows travel around those green hills and each one of them is farting (放屁).That may sound like a joke. But scientists aren’t laughing. There are more cows and sheep than people in New Zealand: eight to one. And these animals fart more than 4 million tons of gas every year.That gas adds to one of the most dangerous problems we face today: global warming (全球变暖). The gas that farm animals produce is called methane (甲烷), a greenhouse gas which can lead to climate (气候) change. But sheep and cows are not the main reason. Most greenhouse gases are produced by factories and cars.But in New Zealand, farm animals produce almost half the country’s greenhouse gases. That’s why scientists in New Zealand are working hard to solve the problem. They’ve found medicine that can reduce gas in sheep and cows. But most farm animals in New Zealand walk free. It’s hard to round them up to give them medicine.There’s also a third plan. Some scientists have put sheep in special sealed cages (密封笼子). They measure (测量) the gas that a sheep produces. It helps scientists find that some sheep naturally make less gas than others. When they give birth to those sheep together, their baby sheep farts less than their cousins.It’s only a small improvement. But those baby sheep just might make the planet a better place to live.11.Which statement is true about New Zealand A.The numbers of cows are dropping.B.There are more cows and sheep than people.C.Farm animals are in danger because of global warming.12.The problem that cows and sheep brought to New Zealand is ________.A.air pollution B.sea level rise C.fewer grassland13.What can the special sealed cages help do A.Stop sheep from farting.B.Give birth to sheep together.C.Pick out sheep that produces less gas.14.How does the writer feel about the third plan A.It might work. B.It will cost too much. C.It’s meaningless.15.The reading material above is most probably from ________.A.a move poster B.a science fiction C.a magazine(篇目4)China’s Shenzhou-13 crew members, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu livestreamed (II播) the first science lecture from the country’s space station on Thursday, December 9, 2021, which amazed many students on the earth.All crew members greeted students, teachers and other participants when the lecture started. They showed viewers how they lived and worked inside the space station, which currently includes a core module (核心舱), a spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.The astronauts showed their exercise equipment and a specially designed space suit and conducted demonstrations (演示) on physical phenomena (现象) in microgravity, such as “disappearing buoyancy (浮力)” and a “water ball”. Ye, who is on his first spaceflight, showed how he rotated (旋转) his body in the weightless environment. The astronauts also answered questions from students during the lecture.Tens of millions of primary and middle school students across China watched the televised event hosted by the China Manned Space Agency, the Ministry of Education and other government departments.It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China’s first extraterrestrial (外显的) lecture series to popularize space science.More lectures will be held based on the country’s manned spaceflights and will also be presented by Chinese astronauts. the Manned Space Agency said. Such activities aim to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and spark enthusiasm (热情) for science among young people.Shi Yi, a physics teacher from Tianjin, said the space lecture was an eye-opening experience that would develop students’ interest in science.Wang Yishan, a fifth-grade student at the Beijing No. 101 Middle School, said, “The astronauts’ experiments really interested and surprised me. I have great interest in spaceflight and would like to take part in our country’s space exploration program in the future.”Vincent Wong Wai-shing, headmaster of Hongkong’s Pui Kiu College, said the event gave Hong Kong students a chance to communicate with the astronauts while developing their interest in space and science. “It also helped to strengthen their sense of national identity (民族认同) as they saw the rapid progress of our country’s space technology,” he said.16.What is the space station made up of at present A.A core module, a spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.B.A core module, a water ball, and two robotic cargo spaceshipsC.A core module, a spacecraft and a specially designed space suit.D.A exercise equipment, a water ball and disappearing buoyancy.17.What does the underlined word “microgravity” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese A.微软 B.微循环 C.微生物 D.微重力18.Which of the following is TRUE about the purpose of holding more lectures on China’s manned spaceflight ①It will spread knowledge about manned spaceflights.②It will amaze students on the earth.③It will ignite students’ interest in science.④It will spark enthusiasm for science among young people.A.①②③ B.①②③④ C.①③④ D.②③④19.What can we learn from the passage A.The space lecture reduced students’ interest in science and astronauts.B.Hong Kong students would like to take part in space exploration program in the future.C.The event gave Vincent Wong Wai-shing a chance to communicate with the astronaut.D.The event is one of China’s first extraterrestrial lecture series.(篇目5)Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws(吸管)and bags. More and more businesses are switching(转换)to paper products as an alternative(可供选择的事物). Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic. However, it is harmful to the environment, too.Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, can reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere(大气). They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation(毁林).Secondly, the production of paper things requires more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process(过程)than to make a new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.Furthermore, paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more fuel to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents. The most environment-friendly solution(解决办法)is to avoid single-use things altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. Through increasing the use of these items, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place!20.What can trees do to the environment A.They can make carbon dioxide levels lower in the air.B.They can improve climate quickly.C.They can cause more deforestation in the end.D.They can provide materials for paper products.21.From Paragraph 4, we can know that ________.A.plastic products are much better than paper onesB.paper products are easy to transportC.one truck is needed to transport two million plastic bagsD.plastic products often lead to a larger amount of a waste22.Which is the following should people use in order to protect the environment A.Recycled paper bags. B.Steel knives and forks.C.Strong plastic chairs. D.Single-use cups.23.What is the purpose of the passage A.To push for an end to plastic straws and bags.B.To tell readers the disadvantages of paper products.C.To push the use of environment-friendly products which can be recycled.D.To introduce the importance of making our earth a greener place.(篇目6)Wang Yaping, 42, became China’s first female space walker on Nov. 7th evening when she took part in the Shenzhou XIII mission’s first extravehicular activity(舱外活动) with Zhai Zhigang.The extravehicular operation began at 6:51 p.m. when Zhai opened a gate. By midnight, they had climbed up the station’s robotic arm and used it to practice extravehicular activity and rescue operations with Ye Guangfu remaining inside the station to control and support the spacewalk.The spacewalk was expected to further check the robotic arm’s capabilities(能力), examine the safety and performance of support devices(设施), because they would have one or two more spacewalks in the coming months.A native of Shandong province and mother of a 6-year-old girl, Wang Yaping joined the People’s Liberation Army Air Force in August 1997. In March 2012, she was part of the backup crew(后备人员), and in June 2013, she took part in the Shenzhou X mission which lasted nearly 15 days. She is the second Chinese woman to have flown in space.During the Shenzhou X flight, Wang gave China’s first space-based lecture inside the Tiangong I experimental module to more than 60 million Chinese students at about 80, 000 schools across the country. Many students were encouraged after watching Wang’s lecture. ________. They should experience a lot of pain that most people can’t stand and keep training all the time.She is such a great woman that people call her “the most beautiful astronaut”. We are happy that she together with the other astronauts returned our hometown safely.24.There are ________ astronauts in the Shenzhou XIII mission.A.two B.three C.four D.five25.According to the passage we can know that ________.A.the extravehicular activity was for several reasonsB.Wang Yaping is the second woman to have flown in spaceC.Wang and Ye went out of the spaceship on Nov. 7th eveningD.Wang gave a space-based lecture during the Shenzhou XI flight26.Which of the following sentences can be put in the “________” A.However, to become an astronaut is not easyB.Because to give a lecture in space is coolC.So they want to become astronauts in the futureD.Though they may know nothing about space27.The best structure of this passage may be ________.A. B.C. D.(篇目7)The blue whale (鲸) is the largest animal alive today. And one of these whales has been caught making a big journey through the South Pacific. The whale was first recorded near the Galapagos Islands, west of Costa Rica. Years later, that same whale was photographed off the coast of Chile in South America, a new study reports. The two places are separated by about 5,200 kilometers. That means the whale, nicknamed Isabella, swam farther than the distance between New York and Los Angeles.Blue whales are found in all the world’s oceans but live in deep waters. So there are few places where they can be found easily. What’s more, they were nearly driven by whaling a century ago. Populations are increasing. But because there are so few of the animals, they are still considered endangered.One blue whale may look like any other to the untrained eye. But each animal has special spots (斑点). “We use those spots as the fingerprints of blue whales,” Torres Florez says. To make the comparison job easier, scientists focus on the area around a whale’s dorsal fin (鳍), which is on its back. “Comparing those spots we are able to tell if a whale is the same whale we saw in different places or if the same whale is seen during different years in the same place,” he says.Isabella is probably not the only blue whale to travel so far, the researchers say. Members of her population likely migrate regularly from Chile to the Galapagos. In summer months, Torres Florez notes, waters in the far southern Pacific are loaded with krill, but that food disappears in winter. That’s when the whales travel north to warm, tropical (热带的) waters near the Galapagos. There, instead of feeding, the whales produce babies. Scientists don’t yet know why whales prefer to produce babies in tropical locations. But the ocean there may be warmer and calmer and have fewer killer whales that would feed on baby blue whales, Torres Florez says.28.What can we infer about blue whales in Paragraph 2 A.They are no longer at the risk of dying out.B.It’s difficult for scientists to study them.C.They can’t live well in a new environment.D.It is common for people to see them worldwide.29.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about A.How to study blue whales.B.The spots of blue whales.C.How to find out the exact blue whale.D.The habits and lifestyle of blue whales.30.What does the underlined word “migrate” mean A.演变 B.分离 C.迁徙 D.繁殖31.According to Torres Florez, whales prefer to produce babies in tropical waters probably because ________.A.there is enough food for baby blue whalesB.they don’t have enemies thereC.it’s easy for them to find a mate thereD.it’s easy for baby blue whales to remain alive there32.In which part of a newspaper would you probably read the passage A.Traditional Custom.B.Job Wanted.C.School Life.D.Nature.(篇目8)Can you imagine a world without insects Without ants or flies in your house, it might sound great. However, the results may be out of imagination.The number of insects has dropped by half in the past few years, according to a British biologist Dave Coulson. You may think small insects are not important. But in fact they are the main part of the species(物种)on Earth.Insects are indeed on the way to extinction, according to the first review of insect population. The researchers say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides(杀虫剂)because they destroy insects’ living areas. Also, weather change is another important cause.“Unless we change our ways of producing food, insects will go down the way to extinction in a few years,” the researchers wrote in the review. “This will have huge influences on the planet’s ecosystem(生态系统).”We need insects to pollinate(授粉)crops. They also break down(分解)dead plants and animals, which can keep the soil healthy. Without insects, many animals would have nothing to eat and die of hunger. Then, the ecosystem would be off balance.“If the number of insect species keep dropping, this will have bad influences on both Earth’s ecosystem and the survival of us humans,” said one of the writers of the review.“The first step to stop this is to let more people understand the values of the natural world,” he suggests. “The best place to start is from our children, who should realize environmental protection from an early age.”33.The underlined word “extinction” means “________”.A.pollution B.death C.harm D.protection34.Paragraph 5 is mainly about ________.A.the reason for producing food B.the problem of animals and plantsC.the way to keep soil healthy D.the importance of insects35.From the passage, we can know ________.A.insects may destroy the balance of the ecosystemB.ants and flies are the main part of the species on EarthC.humans’ actions influence the number of insectsD.weather change has little influence on insects(篇目9)All over the world, people find giraffes amazing. The giraffe is the tallest animal in the world. Its legs and tail are taller than most people. Its tongue is very long, 18 inches. The front part of its tongue is an unusual color, black. Unlike most other large animals, giraffes do not threaten (威胁) people. Yet to many scientists the most amazing thing about this gentle giant is its heart.To understand how amazing the giraffe’s heart is, put your head lower than your heart. Keep it there for a few minutes. Then lift your head up very quickly. Do you feel dizzy This is the effect of a change in blood pressure. The heart has to quickly pump blood to your brain to stop you from feeling dizzy or from fainting.When a giraffe lifts its head up from the ground, it has to lift its 250-kilo neck more than 15 feet in the air. How can it do this without fainting The giraffe’s heart is really large. It is almost two feet long and weighs about 10 kilos. It can pump 60 liters of blood in a minute. The large artery (动脉) that carries blood from the heart up the long neck of the giraffe is also unusual because it has a muscle in it. This muscle helps keep the giraffe’s blood pressure.In 1988, a writer, Michael Allin, learned that a giraffe arrived in Marseille, a city in the south of France, in 1826. It was a gift to the king of France Charles X. He decided to go to Ethiopia, in East Africa, where the giraffe was born. He traveled to Egypt on the Nile River. This was the same way the giraffe came to Egypt where he discovered the reason for the gift. Muhammad Ali, an important Egyptian leader, did not want the French to enter a war. He sent the giraffe to King Charles X.However, it was difficult to transport a giraffe in 1826. It traveled from Egypt to France on a ship. The giraffe was so tall that it couldn’t fit in the lower deck of the ship. This was quite a problem until someone decided to cut a hole in the top deck of the ship. The giraffe’s legs were below, and its long neck came up through the hole.No one knew how to get such a large animal from Marseille to Paris, so the giraffe had to walk the 880 kilometers. All along the way, people came to watch the gentle giant. Six weeks after it left Marseille, the giraffe finally arrived in Paris, where 100,000 people came to see this amazing creature. Today, we still look at the giraffe in amazement. There is no other animal like it on earth.36.What is unusual about the artery in a giraffe’s neck A.It has a muscle in it. B.It has an unusual colour.C.It weighs 10 kilos. D.It carries blood to the legs.37.The writer explains how amazing the giraffe’s heart is in Paragraph 3 mainly by ________.A.telling stories B.showing stepsC.giving numbers D.expressing opinions38.Muhammad Ali gave the giraffe to ________.A.the French people B.the Egyptian leaderC.the French writer D.the king of France39.What did they do to transport the giraffe by ship A.They cut a hole in the deck. B.They added a taller deck to the ship.C.They built another new ship. D.They cut the taller deck off the ship.40.What is the best title for the passage A.The gentle giant from Africa B.The special heart of the giantC.The amazing journey to France D.The popular writer from France(篇目10)Zhurong, the name of China’s Mars rover(火星车), was announced on April 24th, 2021, China’s Space Day. The name of Zhurong comes from a character in ancient Chinese stories.The way it was named is the same as other space programs like Chang’e, Tianwen and Beidou. In ancient Chinese stories, Zhurong is a fire god. He is a proud man dressed in the soldier’s clothes, holding a sword(剑) and riding on a large tiger. And he is famous for stopping his son from causing floods(洪水) for humans successfully. Besides, according to the words’ Chinese meanings, “Zhu” means “wish”, which can be used to express the good wishes for humans’ study of the universe(宇宙). And “rong” means “integration”, which shows Chinese people would like to use the space with other countries peacefully, and to build a community with a shared future for human beings.Zhurong, the Mars rover, is 1.85 meters high and weighs about 240 kilograms. It has six wheels and four solar panels(太阳能面板) and it can move at 200 meters an hour on the planet’s surface. With six scientific instruments, it can work for at least three months. On the Mars, ▲ such as the make-up(组成) of the planet’s surface, the weather and environment conditions on the Mars. Zhurong shows that China’s space programs have taken a huge step forward again.41.Zhurong, Chang’e, Tianwen and Beidou are all the names of Chinese ________.A.paintings B.IT programs C.poems D.space programs42.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “integration” in Chinese A.容忍 B.象征 C.融合 D.担当43.Where does Zhurong’s name come from A.Other space programs. B.A fire god.C.A large tiger. D.Ancient Chinese stories.44.How long can Zhurong work A.For less than three months. B.For half an year.C.For at least three months. D.For at least a year.45.Which of the following can be put in ▲ in the third paragraph A.it will get an unforgettable memoryB.our country will step farther and fartherC.it can do a lot of surveys and collect informationD.you could see all kinds of robots with different skills参考答案1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A6.D 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A11.B 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C16.A 17.D 18.C 19.D20.A 21.C 22.B 23.B24.B 25.A 26.A 27.D28.B 29.C 30.C 31.D 32.D33.B 34.D 35.C36.A 37.C 38.D 39.A 40.A41.D 42.C 43.B 44.C 45.C 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览