资源简介

(共44张PPT)
教学课件
定 语 从 句
定 义
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
1.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词；
2.用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词）。
3.定语从句一般放在先行词之后。
This is the engineer who will give us a talk on science.
这就是那位将会给我们作科学报告的工程师。
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词有： who , whom , whose , which , that和as
关系代词的用法
1.who和whom
who和whom指人，在从句中who作主语，whom宾语，且whom常被省略。
The younger worker who invented this tool is her elder brother.
发明这个工具的那个年轻工人是她的哥哥。
This is the boy (whom) I helped.
这就是我帮助过的那个男孩。
定语从句的谓语动词的数应该与先行词保持一致
重 要 提 示
whom不可省略或替换的情况
若前面有介词，则whom不能省略，也不能用that或who替换。
I know the man with whom my elder brother works in the office.
我认识和我哥哥在办公室里一起工作的那个人。
2.whose的用法：是who的所有格，指人或物，在从句中作定语，不可省略。
This is the student whose pronuciation is the best in our class.这是我们班发音最好的学生。
相当于“the window of which”
Do you live in the room whose window opens to the sweet
你住在窗户朝西的房间吗？
指物时，可用of which替换。
3.which:指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
The factory which produces these cars is very large.
生产这些汽车的工厂很大。
This is the book (which) you want.
这是你想要的书。
重要提示
which不可省略或替换的情况
1）若前面有介词，则which不能省略，也不能用that替换。
The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
放有一台机器的那个房间是个车间。
2)引导非限定性定语从句（主、从句之间用逗号分开），只能用which,不能用that.
I live in Beijing , which is the capital of China.
我住在北京，中国的首都。
4.that的用法：指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可以省略）。that指人时，相当于who或whom;指物时相当于which.
There were once six blind men that / who lived in a village in India.从前有六个盲人住在印度的一个村庄里。
Wheat is a plant that / which is grown in the north of China.小麦是生长在中国北方的一种植物。
The letter (that) I received was from my father.
我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。
重要考点总结
只能用关系代词that的情况
that既可以指人也可以指物，但在下列情况下，要用that,而不用which或who.
1.先行词是不定代词all,anything,everything,nothing,much,little,few,any等时，只能用that.
That’s all that I want to say.
我只想说这些。
Everything that the parents do is for the good of their children.父母所做的一切都是为了孩子好。
2.先行词被no,the only,the very(恰好)，the same,the last等词修饰时，只能用that.
Thank you for giving me the very book that I’m looking for.
谢谢你把我正在找的那本书给了我。
He was the only person that was present at the meeting.
他是唯一出席会议的人。
3.指物的先行词被形容词的最高级或被序数词修饰时，只能用that.
This is the best film that has been shown this year.
这是今年上映的最好的电影。
I like the second football match that was held last week.
我喜欢上星期举行的第二场足球赛。
4.先行词中既有人又有物时，只能用that.
The hero has saved the horse and its rider that fell into the river.
这个英雄救了掉进河里的马和骑马的人。
He talked about the school and the teachers that he had visited.他谈到了他拜访过的学校和老师。
5.当先行词为the way,the time,the period等时，只能用that,但that通常被省略。
I don’t like the way (that) you speak to her.
我不喜欢你跟她说话的方式。
This is the last time (that) I shall help you.
这是我最后一次帮助你了。
6.在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中，为避免重复，用that引导定语从句，取代which或who.
这里使用that很明显为了避免重复使用which
Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign
guests 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆？
关系副词
引导的定语从句
关系副词有when,where,why等，
在定语从句中充当状语，
一般不可省略。
1.when的用法：指时间，修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于at/in/on which. 相当于on which
How can I forget the day when I joined the Youth League
我怎能忘记我参加共青团的那一天？
相当于in which
I thought of the days when we studied together.
我想起了我们一起学习的日子。
2.where的用法：指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于at/in/on which. 相当于on which
This is the farm where my grandfather once worked.
这是我祖父曾今工作过的农场。
相当于in which
That is the place where we lived two years ago.
那是我们两年前住过的地方。
3.why的用法：指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中原因状语，相当于for which.
相当于for which
I don’t know the reason why you get so angry with me.
我不知道你为什么对我这么生气。
重 要 总 结
表示时间、地点的名词后关系词的选用
当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，有时用when/where,有时用that/which引导定语从句，这时要根据其在从句中的成分而定。如果作从句的主语或宾语，就用that/which;如果是作从句的状语，就用when/where.
This is the house where he lived last year.
这就是他去年住过的房子。
This is the house that/which he visited last year.
这就是他去年参观过的那所房子。
I thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing.
我想起了我在北京的快乐时光。
I have never forgotten the days that/which we spent together.我从未忘记我们一起度过的日子。
练 习
（ ）1. —The boy lost is crying there.
—How do you know he gets lost
A.whose B.who C.who's
句意：——那个迷路的男孩正在那里哭，——你怎么知道他迷路了？
【解析】本题考查定语从句，该定语从句的先行词为 the boy.lost是形容词，意为“迷路的”，从句缺少主语和系动词.故用关系代词“who”代指“the boy”，系动词用is.由此可知本题选择C.
【答案】C
（ ）2.The books online have not arrived.
A.which we bought them B.that we bought it
C.we bought D.what we bought
【解析】先行词是books.指物，所以关系代词用that/which. that作宾语可以省略，bought后面不用跟代词。
【答案】C
（ ）3 I want to see the movie “Fantastic Beasts"tonight to relax myself.The actor a hero graduated from Cambridge University.
A.who play B.who plays C.which plays D.that play
先行词是物 先行词是人或物
【解析】先行词actor是人，用关系代词who或者that引导定语从句，同时在定
语从句中作主语，这里先行词“The actor”是单数.谓语动词应与先行词一致，该用第三人称单数形式，故选B.
【答案】B
（ ）4—Is there anything to you here —No,nothing.
A.that belong B.which belong C.that belongs D.which belongs
【解析】句子中anything为先行词，指物，且为不定代词，关系代词要用that，不能用which.排除B、D两项；anything作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，故选C.
【答案】C
（ ）5.Sam went to the place his family lived five years ago.
A.where B.when C.which D.that
【解析】先行词the place是地点.ive为不及物动词，句子基础成分完整，先行词在句子中作地点状语.关系词用where.
【答案】A
（ ）6 .Yesterday Li Ming went to the village his family lived 10 years ago.
A.when B.which C.where D.that
【解析】考查定语从句引导词.先行词the village在定语从句中充当的是地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导，故选C.
【答案】C
（ ）7I like the cartoon has a happy ending and makes me .
A.which; to laugh B.that;to laugh
C.whose;laughing D.which;laugh
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词及非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢有完美的结局，让我开怀大笑的动画片。先行词cartoon是物，故用关系代词that/which;make sb.do sth.为固定结构.意为“使某人做某事”，故选D.
【答案】D
（ ）8—What kind of music do you like
—I like music I can dance to.
A.because B.when C.who D.that
句意：——你喜欢哪种类型的音乐？——我喜欢能随之跳舞的音乐。
【解析】考查定语从句的用法。”先行词是“music”，关系代词that在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，故选D.
【答案】D
（ ）9The policeman has caught the thief stole Mr. Li's wallet.
A.whose B.who C.whom D.which
【解析】句中的“ stole Mr. Li's wallet"在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行词“the thief”为下文定语从句的逻辑主语，且指人，所以引导词应用关系代词that或who.故选B.
【答案】B
（ ）10This is one of the most interesting cities I have ever visited.
A.who B.that C.which D.where
【解析】“ I have ever visited”在复合句中作定语从句，修饰先行词ities. cities 指物，在定语从句中作宾语，且先行词前面有形容词的最高级修饰，因而只能用关系代词that来引导后面的定语从句，不能用which.
【答案】B

展开更多......

收起↑