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【真题解析】2023年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江）
参考答案
第一部分 听力
1—5 CBACB 6—10 CABAA 11—15 BACBC 16—20 ACBCB
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A篇
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了夏令营的招生对象、开营时间、价格、售后退款服务、分组标准、课程内容、师资等。
21. A 细节理解题。根据Explorers Camp部分中的“The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.”可知，在6月15号之前可退全款。故选A。
22. D 细节理解题。根据Camp Structure部分中的“The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.”和Camp Staff部分中的“Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group”可知，学员们是按照年龄分组的。故选D。
23. C 细节理解题。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9 am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1 pm to 4 pm)。”以及Explorers Camp部分中的“Monday－Friday, July 8－26, 9 am－4 pm. Week 1 | July 8－12”可知，从周一到周五，一天上6个小时课，所以上课时长为6×5=30。故选C。
B篇
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者如何在家人不理解和不支持的情况下，践行自己的环保理念。
24. B 词义猜测题。根据第一段“Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.（或和他人合租，或和朋友家人一起住，如果你希望过上更绿色的生活，很有可能你身边的人并没有准备好加入。）”可猜测，“jump on that bandwagon”指“加入你正在做的事情”。故选B。
25. A 观点态度题。根据第三段“my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.”可知，作者的父亲并不支持自带容器去购物这件事。故选A。
26. D 推理判断题。根据第二段“I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me.”可知，为了环保，五年前作者与父母磨合，后来又和丈夫磨合，可见其坚持不懈。故选D。
27. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，整篇文章都在围绕与他人共同生活时，作者如何践行自己的零污染理念。故选C。
C篇
本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了打败以色列的上任全国辩论冠军的软件程序Project Debater的机制及缺点，并进一步阐述人类与机器对于理解意义的区别。
28. B 目的意图题。根据第一段和第二段“A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate ... Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses.”可推知，通过举Noa Ovadia的例子来说明Project Debater的智能。故选B。
29. C 指代判断题。根据第二段“This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.”可知，该段主要讲了Project Debater的缺点，故可推知“wrinkle”引申为瑕疵，错误。故选C。
30. B 细节理解题。根据Hammond定位至第三段，再根据“But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.”可知，Project Debater无法理解意义。故选B。
31. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.”可知，社交互动对于理解符号的意义是非常关键的。故选A。
D篇
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太阳能农场的发展、缺点以及解决方案。
32. B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.”可推知，太阳能板对农业造成了很大破坏。故选B。
33. C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Solar projects need to be good neighbors”以及“They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.”可知InSPIRE准备减少太阳能项目对环境的影响。故选C。
34. A 推理判断题。根据第四段“Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities — and now there are guidelines for solar farms.”可推知，保护组织为家庭花园、企业等制定了授粉者友好指南，目的是为了保护授粉者。故选A。
35. D 标题概括题。根据全文尤其是第一段“According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals.”和最后一段“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.”可知，文章主要讲述太阳能农场的新发展。故选D。
第二节
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了选择火车作为出行方式时的几个注意点。
36. D 根据空前的“Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.”可知，很多长途火车特别是卧铺很快就会售完。结合空后的“But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.”可知，建议最好提前90天预订。D项“特别是在旺季夏天”衔接恰当。故选D。
37. G 根据空前的“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.”可知，一个好的代理人有时能帮你找到打折的票。结合空后的“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.”可知，这样你就不需要为了吃饭一天三次穿过数节移动的车厢了。G项“他也许可以帮你预定在餐车旁边的卧铺”衔接恰当。故选G。
38. C 根据空前的“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.”可知，毯子不是免费的。结合空后的“In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.”可知，夏天空调使车厢温度很低。C项“车厢的温度难以控制”衔接恰当。故选C。
39. E 根据空前的“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.”可知，很多火车一天只开一趟或者一周开三趟，错过可能是个大灾难。E项“坐下一趟可能要等24个小时以上”衔接恰当。故选E。
40. A 根据本段小标题“Have fun.”和空后“Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.”可知，A项“火车旅途对缺乏耐心的人很难熬”衔接恰当。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在前往森林时目睹了一次独特的采集蜂蜜的活动，并跟随养蜂人见证每个过程的经历。
41. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在游玩森林的过程中，目睹了一次独特的采集蜂蜜的活动。A. share“分享”；B. collect“收集”；C. celebrate“庆祝”；D. witness“目睹”。故选D。
42. C 考查名词词义辨析。根据本段最后一句“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult”以及第三段第一句“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground”可知，这个蜂巢离地面是很高的，因此应该是挂在树梢上。A. courtyards“院子”；B. fields“田”；C. treetops“树梢”；D. caves“山洞”。故选C。
43. B 考查形容词词义辨析题。句意：拿到蜂箱，取出蜂蜜是很困难的，还常常有危险。A. urgent“紧急的”；B. dangerous“危险的”；C. expensive“昂贵的”；D. pointless“无意义的”。故选B。
44. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随养蜂人在草原上穿行，然后进入了丛林。A. searched“搜寻”；B. recognised“意识到”；C. followed“跟随”；D. invited“邀请”。故选C。
45. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位养蜂人收集了一把又一把潮湿的树叶，用绳子把它们包裹起来，然后点燃那束树叶形成了一个火把。A. gathered“收集”；B. cleaned“清洁”；C. dropped“下降”；D. checked“检查”。故选A。
46. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. shook“摇晃”；B. lit“点燃”；C. measured“测量”；D. decorated“装饰”。故选B。
47. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：将一根绳子的一端绑在腰间，另一端绕在树干上，Ziyad开始攀爬。A. jumping“跳”；B. talking“说话”；C. testing“测验”；D. climbing“攀登；爬”。故选D。
48. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他停留几分钟，把绳子在树干上放得更高。A. hives“蜂箱”；B. leaves“树叶”；C. rope“绳索”；D. honey“蜂蜜”。故选C。
49. A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，Ziyad接近了离地面约20米的蜂巢。A. Finally“最终”；B. Surprisingly“令人惊讶地”；C. Naturally“顺理成章地”；D. Immediately“立刻”。故选A。
50. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：养蜂人坐在一根树干上，慢慢向蜂巢靠近，把火把里的烟吹进蜂巢的一个小孔。A. backed“（使）后退”；B. dived“跳水”；C. shouted“大声说”；D. inched“（使朝某方向）谨慎移动”。inch towards表示“向……一点点靠近”。故选D。
51. C 考查动词词组辨析。根据“Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry.”和“as Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，养蜂人逃跑时从树干上滑下。A. cut off“隔绝”；B. gone up“上升”；C. slid down“滑下”；D. held onto“紧紧抓住”。故选C。
52. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在收集蜂蜜还为时过早。A. high“高的”；B. early“早期的”；C. fast“快的”；D. close“接近”。故选B。
53. A 考查动词词义辨析题。句意：凉爽的夏天推迟了孵化。A. hatching“孵化”；B. training“训练”；C. sowing“播种”；D. trading“贸易”。故选A。
54. D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Ziyad逃离树时，成年蜜蜂很生气，一直在攻击。A. curious“好奇的”；B. hungry“饿的”；C. bored“厌倦的”；D. angry“生气的”。故选D。
55. A 考查名词词义辨析。根据“It was too _____ to collect the honey”可知，这个时机采蜂蜜太早了，所以养蜂人要等待合适的时机才能再次回来采蜂蜜。A. moment“时机”；B. equipment“设备”；C. person“人”；D. order“顺序”。the right moment表示合适的时机。故选A。
第二节
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了具有深远文化影响的胡同、四合院等北京特色建筑。
56. and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前“planned the city of Beijing”和空后“arranged the residential areas”这两个短语为并列关系，需用并列连词and连接。故填and。
57. originally 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰后面的句子“meaning ‘water well’ in Mongolian”，因此应用original的副词形式。故填originally。
58. surrounded 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词；the Forbidden City与surround之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填surrounded。
59. were permitted 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，所填处为谓语动词。根据上文语境和时态可知，此处应用一般过去时；且该句的主语“Citizens”为复数，且与“permit”之间是被动关系。故填were permitted。
60. featured 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，所填处为谓语动词。根据该段时态可知，此处应用一般过去时；主语和谓语feature之间是主动关系。feature表示“以……为特色”。故填featured。
61. spacious 考查词性转换。所填处修饰名词homes，应用space的形容词形式。故填spacious。
62. simpler / more simple 考查形容词的比较等级。分析句子结构可知，所填处与空前“far smaller”并列，需用simple的比较级。故填simpler / more simple。
63. as 考查介词。分析本句句意可知，此处指北京作为中国的首都。故填as。
64. events 考查名词复数。event表示“（尤指重要、有意思或不寻常的）事件”，为可数名词。分析句子结构可知，event在此处表示泛指，应用复数形式。故填events。
65. the 考查冠词。分析本句句意可知，此处表达胡同反映了北京草根的文化。这里特指北京草根的文化。故填the。
第四部分 写作
第一节
参考范文：
A meaningful activity called “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” was organized by the Students’ Union in our campus last weekend, which everyone took an active part in.
As scheduled, the event was held in the City Botanic Garden with a brief beginning lecture by a local botanist on the plant ecosystem. Then, we went on observing the Garden and learning more knowledge about the plants, such as the varieties of plants, the incredible medical functions and the role of plants in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
The event was a valuable and enriching experience, which stimulated our passion for promoting environmental protection.
第二节
参考范文：
Paragraph 1:
A few weeks later, I visited the farm again. The same dilapidated house, the same gigantic spider web, the same green blackberry path. “Will the hummingbird be the same Will this lovely and humanistic creature be trapped in the web again Not likely, since the hole in the window had been fixed.” These questions and thoughts popped into my head like strands of spider thread. With smell of roasted food wafting in the air, my friends and I chatted and laughed merrily around the picnic table. It seemed the hummingbird was temporarily thrown to the back of my mind. Soon, the sun began to set and it was time for home.
Paragraph 2:
I was about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. It perched on a small twig just an inch before me and studied me with the same sparkling and pleasant eyes. In an ecstasy of delight, I held out my fingers for it to rest and we communicated with our half-human, half-bird language. My teary friends were all deeply struck by the profound bond between a little bird and her saver. Were there magic power existing in this world, it must be the universal love that surpassed beyond any species, as was the case with my sacred hummingbird and me.
听力材料
Text 1
M: Billy needs some beans for his science project at school. Maybe we can stop by a store on our way home.
W: Let’s go to Greens. It’s just around the corner.
M: Okay.
Text 2
W: Hi, Stephen, guess who I saw at the city library Andy Clarks — the leading actor in The Good Lawyer — the famous TV series.
M: What was he doing there His popularity has slipped since the final season of the show.
Text 3
W: It seems as if everybody is talking about Jason’s retirement.
M: Yes, his office is filled with gifts. I gave him a T-shirt with a baseball pattern on it.
W: That’s nice. I’ll get him something this afternoon. Hope it’s not late.
Text 4
W: Did you go to Cooper’s last night
M: No, was there anything special
W: Yes, the employees dressed up as movie characters, and every customer received a discount card.
M: That was interesting.
Text 5
W: Oh, the road is jammed with traffic again. We are going to be late for work.
M: Let’s make a U-turn at the next crossroads and try another way.
Text 6
W: Do you think Janet could make it
M: I’m sure she can. Have you tried calling her
W: Yes, of course. But I can’t get through. The flight has already been called twice. What are we going to do Board without her I should have reminded her at the office yesterday. She may have totally forgotten it.
M: Take it easy, Sarah. Let me call her home number. Oh, there she is.
Text 7
M: Welcome to our program, Miss Johnson. Congratulations on winning the Teacher of the Year award.
W: Thank you, Peter. I’m more than happy to be here.
M: What inspired you to be a teacher, Miss Johnson
W: Well, I’ve always loved to learn, but I’ve enjoyed teaching others even more. It’s in the family.
M: Could you tell us what the best part about your job is
W: Getting to know all of the different kids and communicating with them. I have always loved kids. So, I will always enjoy that part of my job.
M: Then, what do you hope to achieve by being a teacher
W: My goal is to help my students develop awareness of their strengths, weaknesses, and learning needs, and to enable them to learn throughout their lives.
M: That sounds great.
Text 8
W: Ethan, have you thought about getting your own house
M: Yeah. But I’m convinced my parents love having me back. What about you
W: Um... Not sure yet. Right now, I enjoy getting my meals cooked for me every day.
M: Do you pay a contribution to the house
W: Of course, I do. But it’s still much less than I would pay to live in my own flat. Right
M: Obviously.
W: The only thing I don’t like is that my mom wants to know every part of my life. Becky, what are you doing tomorrow Where With whom The same questions every day.
M: Moms are like that. They ask because they care. You’ve got to be patient with them. My parents ask those questions too, but I may not move out soon. The thought of leaving them fills me with fear. What if one of them falls over What if they both have a fall together
W: That would be terrible.
Text 9
W: It’s a pretty good conference, huh
M: Yeah. All speakers are well-known and knowledgeable in the subject matter. Did you listen to John Miller’s speech on how to avoid business risks this morning
W: No, I missed that one. I went to a speech at Allan Brown Hall. The speaker was David Thompson.
M: Oh, that should be a good one, too. I attended his lecture last year. By the way, there will be a workshop this afternoon on how to motivate employees. Are you interested
W: Sure. I was promoted to the position of manager a few months ago. And I have to manage a staff of 12 people. It can be quite a difficult situation sometimes. That’s why I am here today.
M: Same here. I only have seven people reporting to me. Yet, sometimes I feel like pulling my hair out. I need to find a way to create harmony within my department.
Text 10
W: Welcome to Star Fitness Club. I’m Tina Harrison. Before you start, I’d like to offer you some tips. We all know that regular exercise is important, but few of us know how to exercise properly. I’ve seen many people make the same workout mistakes in this place. One mistake people often make is sticking to the same routine. It is not good for building up your muscles. I’d like to suggest that you change your routine every other month. What’s more, you can try different kinds of workouts, such as jogging, biking, or swimming. This can help keep your whole body in shape. Another mistake most people make is to workout intensely almost every day. You need to give your body a break, and allow time for the muscles to grow. It is not the harder the better. Two hard workout days every week is enough. If you really hate to skip a day, you can plan easy exercises on other days. However, experts’ suggestion is that you take one day off completely each week.绝密 ★ 启用前
2023年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英 语
第一部分 听力（共两节 满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. What will the speakers do next
A. Visit a friend. B. Pick up Billy. C. Buy some beans.
2. Who is Andy Clarks
A. A public librarian. B. A TV actor. C. A famous lawyer.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. Gifts for Jason. B. A baseball game. C. The woman’s retirement.
4. What went on at Cooper’s last night
A. A movie show. B. A birthday party. C. A sales promotion.
5. What problem do the speakers have
A. They are late for work. B. They get stuck in traffic. C. They have lost their way.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独自读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where are the speakers
A. At home. B. At the office. C. At the airport.
7. How does Sara sound
A. Anxious. B. Surprised. C. Grateful.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What made Miss Johnson choose teaching as a profession
A. Pressure from her family. B. Her passion for the work. C. A teacher’s encouragement.
9. What does Miss Johnson think is the best part of her job
A. Being with children. B. Winning others’ respect. C. Learning different things.
10. What does Miss Johnson want her students to become
A. Lifelong learners. B. Creative thinkers. C. Good communicators.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does Becky like about living with her parents
A. They have a big house. B. They cook meals for her. C. They pay all her expenses.
12. What does Ethan suggest Becky do regarding her mother
A. Have patience. B. Provide company. C. Express gratitude.
13. Why is Ethan concerned about his parents living on their own
A. They may feel lonely.
B. They may fail to get along.
C. They may have an emergency.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Whose speech did the woman listen to this morning
A. John Miller’s. B. David Thompson’s. C. Allan Brown’s.
15. What is the workshop in the afternoon about
A. Knowledge economy. B. Risk assessment. C. Employee motivation.
16. What does the woman say about her job
A. It can be challenging. B. It is truly interesting. C. It will be rewarding.
17. What do the man and the woman both want to do
A. Apply for a new position.
B. Offer their staff a salary raise.
C. Improve their management skills.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What does the speaker probably do
A. She’s a medical doctor. B. She’s a fitness instructor. C. She’s a swimming coach.
19. What is a common workout mistake
A. Focusing only on building muscles.
B. Taking too many types of exercises.
C. Doing the same routine all the time.
20. How often does the speaker suggest people do hard workouts
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Explorers Camp
Full day camp for kids aged 5－13.
Monday－Friday, July 8－26, 9 am－4 pm.
Week 1 | July 8－12
Week 2 | July 15－19
Week 3 | July 22－26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9 am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1 pm to 4 pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
Camp Content
Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn.
Camp Staff
Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.
21. On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund
A. June 12. B. June 22. C. July 19. D. July 26.
22. How are campers divided into different groups
A. By gender. B. By nationality. C. By interest. D. By age.
23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
B
Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph
A. Share an apartment with you. B. Join you in what you’re doing.
C. Transform your way of living. D. Help you to make the decision.
25. What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars
A. He disapproved of it. B. He was favorable to it.
C. He was tolerant of it. D. He didn’t care about it.
26. What can we infer about the author
A. She is quite good at cooking. B. She respects others’ privacy.
C. She enjoys being a housewife. D. She is a determined person.
27. What is the text mainly about
A. How to get on well with other family members.
B. How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.
C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A. To explain the use of a software program.
B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
30. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond
A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words.
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities — and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What do solar developers often ignore
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600 (the number of seconds in an hour) by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile (the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A. Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B. You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to
41 a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives (蜂箱) are placed in the 42 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult — and often 43 .
I 44 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46 the bunch to create a torch (火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47 . He stopped every few minutes to move the 48 higher up the tree trunk.
49 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 50 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 51 the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too 52 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 53 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs (蜂巢). The adult bees were 54 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right 55 to go back up.
41. A. share B. collect C. celebrate D. witness
42. A. courtyards B. fields C. treetops D. caves
43. A. urgent B. dangerous C. expensive D. pointless
44. A. searched B. recognised C. followed D. invited
45. A. gathered B. cleaned C. dropped D. checked
46. A. shook B. lit C. measured D. decorated
47. A. jumping B. talking C. testing D. climbing
48. A. hives B. leaves C. rope D. honey
49. A. Finally B. Surprisingly C. Naturally D. Immediately
50. A. backed B. dived C. shouted D. inched
51. A. cut off B. gone up C. slid down D. held onto
52. A. high B. early C. fast D. close
53. A. hatching B. training C. sowing D. trading
54. A. curious B. hungry C. bored D. angry
55. A. moment B. equipment C. person D. order
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 57 (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes
59 (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by
61 (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 62 (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 63 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 64 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 65 culture of grassroots Beijingers.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
上周末你参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请为校英文报写篇报道，内容包括：
活动的过程；
收获与感想。
注意：
写作词数应为80左右；
请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Getting to Know the Plants Around Us
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was invited to a cookout on an old friend’s farm in western Washington. I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had apparently not been used in many years. A noise at a window caught my attention, so I entered it. It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟), desperately trying to escape. She was covered in spider-webs (蛛网) and was barely able to move her wings. She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up.
With the bird in my cupped hand, I looked around to see how she had gotten in. The broken window glass was the likely answer. I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me.
When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away; she sat looking at me with her bright eyes. I removed the sticky spider-webs that covered her head and wings. Still, she made no attempt to fly. Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired Or too thirsty
As I carried her up the blackberry-lined path toward my car where I kept a water bottle, she began to move. I stopped, and she soon took wing but did not immediately fly away. Hovering (悬停), she approached within six inches of my face. For a long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side. Then she flew quickly out of sight.
During the cookout, I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident. They promised to fix the window. As I was departing, my friends walked me to my car. I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. She turned from person to person until she came to me. She again looked directly into my eyes, then let out a squeaking call and was gone. For a moment, all were speechless. Then someone said, “She must have come to say good-bye.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
A few weeks later, I went to the farm again.
I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared.

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