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外研版英语八（下）Module 9 Friendship模块语法详解
whether/if及疑问词引导的宾语从句
1. whether/if引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句由一般疑问句充当时，用if/whether引导，意为“是否，是不是”，在句中不能省略。如：
Mary asked us if/whether we would go swimming on the weekend. 玛丽问我们周末是否去游泳。
I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
【拓展】一般情况下，if/whether可以互换使用，但在下列情况下只能用whether引导。如：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not 连用时，往往用whether( if…or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether he will come or not. 让我知道他是否会来。
②在介词之后用whether。如：
I’m interested in whether he likes English. 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
I don’t know whether to go. 我不知是否会去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say. 这是否是真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来还是个问题。
2. 疑问词引导的宾语从句
（1）当宾语从句由特殊疑问句转化而来时，用疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what引导（在句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语）或疑问副词when, where, why, how引导（在句中作状语），宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：
He asked me where I lived. 他问我住在哪里。
I don’t know when he will get home. 我不知道他什么时候到家。
Lily told me who finished the homework. 莉莉告诉我谁做完了作业。
Tom didn’t understand how he could solve the problem. 汤姆不明白如何解决这个问题。
3. 宾语从句的语序：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即：疑问词+主语+谓语+其他成分。如：
I don’t know what they are looking for. 我不知道他们正在找什么。
4. 宾语从句的时态问题
（1）当主句是现在时态时，从句可以根据实际情况选择不同的时态。如：
I believe we will succeed one day. 我相信有一天我们将会成功的。
（2）当主句是过去时态时，从句一般使用表示过去的某个具体时态。如：
I did not know what the homework was. 我不知道家庭作业是什么。
①主句是一般过去时→从句是一般过去时。如：
The children didn’t know who he was. 孩子们不知道他是谁。
②主句是一般过去时→从句是过去将来时。如：
They weren’t interested in what they would buy in the shop. 他们对他们将在这个商店买什么东西不感兴趣。
③主句是一般过去时→从句是过去进行时。如：
He wanted to know what his brother was doing at the moment yesterday. 他想知道他的弟弟昨天这个时候在做什么。
④主句是一般过去时→从句是过去完成时。如：
Tony didn’t know if his mother had finished her work on time. 托尼不知道他妈妈是否按时完成了工作。
（3）当宾语从句所表示的是客观事实，普遍真理或自然现象时，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：
Our physics teacher told us that the light travels faster than the sound. 我们的物理老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
【拓展】①当主句的动词为think，believe，suppose时并且从句是否定的，一般用don’t think / believe / suppose +(肯定)从句。②用I hope/think/believe/suppose not及I don’t think so. 来代替一个宾语从句的否定形式。
模块语法即学即练
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. Can you tell me ______ you can finish the poster today
A. what B. that C. if D. who
( ) 2. She doesn’t know ______ she should go or not.
A. that B. if C. whether D. where
( ) 3. ---- Do you know ______ she came here ---- Yes, I do. She came here by bus.
A. that B. how C. when D. why
( ) 4. ---- I’d like to know ______ we’ll have the exam. ---- Tomorrow afternoon.
A. when B. where C. that D. whether
( ) 5. The teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun.
A. go B. went C. was going D. goes
( ) 6. ---- Do you know ______ they are looking for ---- Yes, their ID cards.
A. whether B. how C. where D. what
( ) 7. Can you tell me she is waiting for
A. why B. whom C. whose D. which
( ) 8. I don’t know he still lives here.
A. whether B. where C. what D. when
( ) 9. ---- Can you tell me ---- He is in the library.
A. where was Jack　 B. where Jack was　 C. where is Jack D. where Jack is
( ) 10. Please tell me ______ to improve my English.
A. what I can do B. what can I do C. how I can do D. how can I do
( ) 11. ---- Can you tell me the prize, Peter ---- Last year.
A. when you got B. when did you get C. when will you get D. when you will get
( ) 12. Could you tell me
A. which room he lives B. which room he lived C. which room he lives in D. which room did he live in
( ) 13. I don’t remember the book yesterday.
A. where I put B. where did I put C. where will I put D. where I will put
( ) 14. ---- I didn’t know . ---- Because he has to look after his mother.
A. why is he leaving B. whether he is leaving C. whether is he leaving D. why he is leaving
( ) 15. Excuse me, can you tell me______
A. when does the plane leave B. when the plane leaves C. how long the plane has left D. when did the plane leave
二、将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1. “Is he a pop singer ” the reporter asked.
The reporter asked .
2. “Can you send the letter for me ” the man asked the woman.
The man asked the woman .
3. “Why does he like to make friends with Mary ” Can you tell me
Can you tell me
4. “What was Lucy doing this morning ” Jim wants to know.
Jim wants to know .
5. “How can I get to the train station ” Who can tell me
Who can tell me
6. “The sun is much hotter than the earth.” I heard.
I heard .
新外研版英语八（下）Module 9 Friendship
模块语法即学即练
一、单项选择。1—5 CCBAD 6—10 DBADC 11—15 ACADB
二、将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1. if/whether he was a pop singer 2. if/whether she could send the letter for him
3. why he likes to make friends with Mary 4. what Lucy was doing this morning
5. how I can get to the train station 6. (that)the sun is much hotter than the earth

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