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定语从句
Content
常规定语从句
as 引导的定语从句
与被修饰成分分隔的定语从句
并列定语从句
多重定语从句
口语考试中定语从句的运用
写作考试中定语从句的运用
定语从句的结构
先行词 ＋ 关系词 ＋定语从句
n.或代词
关系代词 关系副词
有无 “,” 判断
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose; as;
关系副词： when, where, why;
先行词
1、可以是一个单词（名词或代词）
2、可以是一个短语
3、可以是一个句子（which， as）
Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.
Everyone has his inherent power which is easily concealed by habits, blurred by time, and eroded by laziness.
blur v.模糊
erode v.腐蚀，侵蚀
每个人都有潜在的能量，只是很容易被习惯所掩盖，被时间所迷离，被惰性所消磨。
There is this difference between happiness and wisdom, he who thinks himself the happiest man really is so, but he who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool.
Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning.
Psyche n. 心理，心灵，灵魂
Radical adj. 完全的，彻底的
Bernie Neville 在他的《教育心理》一书中研究了许多全新的教学法，并描述了情感、想象力和潜意识对于学习的影响。
You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day.
看起来他们（蝙蝠）像是在自讨苦吃，因为如果它们改在白天猎食，问题自然迎刃而解。
校长在报告中强调的几点确实非常重要。
The few points that (which) the president stressed in his report are very important indeed.
先行词
是一个单词（名词/代词）
In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspaper, magazines and publishing house that work in relation to one another.
more and more
先行词
是一个短语
He said that he had no time, which isn’t true.
My girlfriend likes dancing with other guys, which really drives me crazy.
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
先行词
是一个句子
引导词之前带介词的定语从句
关系副词 相当于 介词 加 关系代词
Why 相当于for which
Where 相当于 in/at/on …which
When 相当于 during/ on/in …which
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
海流影响其附近陆地的气候。
DNA： the substance in which genetic information is stored.
DNA是储存基因信息的物质。
跟你说话的那个女孩是我妹妹。
The girl to whom you spoke is my sister.
人类解决问题有一些科学的方法。
There are scientific ways in which man solves problems.
Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival.
An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out.
和基因设计概念不同，另一种概念将扮演教师的测试对象的行为视为实验所处社会环境的结果。
含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开使用
如：look for; look after; take care of
This is the watch for which I am looking.
This is the watch which I am looking for.
This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
This is the mountain village which I visited last year.(缺宾语，用关系代词)
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. (in which)
I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
I will never forget the days when I worked together with you.
I will never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.(缺宾语，用关系代词)
I will never forget the days when I worked together with you. (during which)
The housing slave is a new expression in China, referring to people who use most of their salary to repay bank loans due to soaring housing prices.
due to
soar 猛增
soaring prices 飞涨的物价
There are nations whose lack of contact with the outside world has resulted in poverty.
lack of
result in
President-elect Obama inherits a nation whose citizens will be ready to assist him in the conduct of his large responsibilities.
be ready to 乐于
as 引导的定语从句
as 引导的非限制性定语从句
位于句首
位于句中
位于句末
as 引导的限制性定语从句
as 引导的非限制性定语从句
As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.
位于句首
As is true of any developed society, in America, a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.
underlie 作为…的基础
convention 习俗，惯例
位于句首
There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism(新闻业) and broadcasting, but very little attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself.
位于句中
She has come again, as was expected.
Heavily polluted stagnant air can actually hasten death, as it did in December 1991 when a cloud of exhaust fumes lingered over the city of London for over a week.
重度污染空气的滞留的确会加速死亡，1991年12月一大片废气在伦敦上空飘了一个多星期才慢慢散去，当时就产生了这种情况。
位于句末
as 引导的限制性定语从句
Such a student as works hard will be sure to succeed.
as在定语从句中做主语
Such a student as works hard will be sure to succeed.
你所描述的这种人现在已经寥寥无几了。
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
做宾语
He tried to make as few mistakes as she could avoid.
as在定语从句中做宾语
He tried to make as few mistakes as she could avoid.
He is not such a fool as we could assume him to be.
as在定语从句中做表语
He is not such a fool as we could assume him to be.
Tips
在下列情况下，定语从句的引导词可以省略：
1、当引导词在从句中做宾语时
The reason this event is so memorable is that I never expected to win anything--- I just entered the contest for fun.
这次比赛之所以难忘是因为我没有指望赢得什么，仅仅是为了乐趣。
Tips
2、当修饰名词reason时，引导词why可以省略
Giving the wearers a choice has become a key element in the way corporate clothing is introduced and managed.
让穿制服的人自己选择已经成为引进和管理企业服装的关键因素。

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