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16中2022学年第一学期期中检测英语试题
(考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，分满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从1-15每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The 93rd Academy Awards ceremony was held on April 25, 2021, rather than its usual late-February date due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Winners
The nominee were announced on March15. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony. Chinese filmmaker Chloe Zhao became the first woman of color to win Best Director and the second woman overall after Kathryn Bigelow, who claimed the title at the 2010 ceremony for directing The Hurt Locker. Best Actress winner Frances McDormand became the seventh person to win a third acting Oscar and the second to win Best Actress three times. As a producer of Nomadland, she also was the first person in history to win Oscars for both acting and producing for the same film. Best Supporting Actress winner Youn Yuh-jung became the first Korean performer and second Asian female to win an Oscar after Miyoshi Umeki, who won the same category for her role in 1957's Sayonara.
Part of awards
Best Actor Anthony Hopkins—The Father as Anthony Best Supporting Actress Youn Yuh-jung—Minari as Soon-ja Best Director Chloe Zhao—Nomadland Best Production Design Mark—Production Design: Donal Graham Burt; Set Decoration: Jan Pascale Best Picture Nomadland—Frances McDormand, Peter Spears, and Chloe Zhao Best Cinematography Mank—Erik Messerschmidt Best Costume Design Ma Rainey's Black Bottom—Ann Roth Best Supporting Actor Daniel Kaluuya—Judas and the black Messiah as Fred Hampton
Rule changes
Due to the ceremony date change, the Academy changed the qualification deadline for feature films from December 31, 2020 to February 28, 2021. The Academy also revised its release and distribution requirements by allowing for films that were released via video on demand or streaming to be qualified for the awards.
1. Who is the first female to win the Academy Award for Best Director
A. Chloe Zhao. B. Kathryn Bigelow. C. Youn Yuh-jung D. Frances McDormand.
2. Which film won the most awards in 2021 Oscar
A. Nomadland. B. The Father. C. Sayonara. D. Minari.
3. What was the deadline for feature films
A. April 25, 2021. B. March 15, 2021. C. February 28, 2021. D. December 31, 2020.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2021年奥斯卡颁奖典礼的一些情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The winners were announced during the awards ceremony. Chinese filmmaker Chloe Zhao became the first woman of color to win Best Director and the second woman overall after Kathryn Bigelow, who claimed the title at the 2010 ceremony for directing The Hurt Locker.(中国电影导演Chloe Zhao成为首位获得最佳导演奖的有色人种女性，也是继Kathryn Bigelow之后第二位获得最佳导演奖的女性。2010年，Bigelow凭借执导《拆弹部队》获得最佳导演奖)”可知，第一位获得奥斯卡最佳导演奖的女性是Kathryn Bigelow。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Part of awards表格中信息，可知，获得了2021年奥斯卡奖最多奖项的电影是Nomadland。获得了最佳导演奖和最佳影片奖，故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Due to the ceremony date change, the Academy changed the qualification deadline for feature films from December 31, 2020 to February 28, 2021.(由于颁奖日期的变更，评委会将故事片的入围截止日期从2020年12月31日改为2021年2月28日)”可知，故事片的截止日是2021年2月28日。故选C。
B
Valerie Bolduc is exploring a path under a four-lane highway to fit wildlife cameras, when she gets stuck in the mud. “I am really stuck,” says the road ecology student, trying to pull her feet out of a streambed that travels through the concrete culvert (涵洞) of Quebec Route 117. “I do not want to be a deer going through that.”
Bolduc’s dilemma makes evident the risks for wild animals using the same path.
A warming climate is pushing many animals to migrate toward higher latitudes (纬度) to remain within their desirable environments, but that comes with risks as they cross dangerous areas, such as highways. In eastern Canada, Bolduc and other researchers and conservationists are trying to preserve safe corridors (走廊) for wildlife.
The motion-activated cameras they have brought will record which species are using the tunnels. An outward-facing camera will identify what animals approach but do not enter, perhaps prevented by traffic noise, the tunnel’s size or other factors.
Bolduc explains that this highway running through southern Quebec separates a series of Canadian national and regional parks on either side, along with their animal populations. “It’s super important,” she notes, “because the animals want to move north and they encounter these and then can they move through Will they get hit by a car We’ll need to figure that out. And we need to help them, at least I want to help them.”
After finishing fitting their cameras on the northbound side of the highway, Bolduc and her team decide they need an alternate path to the other side to avoid another misfortune in the mud. “We’re generally trying to be safe,” Bolduc says, “but for the animals, this is their life!”
4. What can we learn from Bolduc’s experience of being trapped
A. It is difficult to fit wildlife cameras.
B. She is out of luck during the exploration.
C. Road conditions of the highway are unexpected.
D. It is dangerous for wild animals to cross this area.
5. What do these animals move to higher latitudes for
A. Less traffic noise. B. Warmer climate. C. Safe corridors. D. Favorable environments.
6. What function is expected of the wildlife cameras
A. To record the changes in traffic flow. B. To figure out difficulties wild animals face.
C. To track animals in and around the tunnels. D. To photograph the living environment of wild animals.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. High Tech Protects Wildlife B. Animal Migration Is under Threat
C. Ecologists Fear the Future of Wildlife D. Researchers Seek Paths for Animals to Migrate
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Valerie Bolduc及其他研究人员通过安装动态摄像机为动物迁徙寻找路径。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Bolduc’s dilemma makes evident the risks for wild animals using the same path.(Bolduc的两难处境清楚地说明了野生动物走同一条路的风险。)”可知，我们能从博尔达克被困的经历中学到野生动物穿过这个地区是危险的。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“A warming climate is pushing many animals to migrate toward higher latitudes to remain within their desirable environments, but that comes with risks as they cross dangerous areas, such as highways.(气候变暖正迫使许多动物向高纬度地区迁徙，以留在它们理想的环境中，但这也伴随着风险，因为它们要穿过危险的地区，比如高速公路。)”可知，这些动物迁移到高纬度地区是为了有利的环境。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“The motion-activated cameras they have brought will record which species are using the tunnels. An outward-facing camera will identify what animals approach but do not enter, perhaps prevented by traffic noise, the tunnel’s size or other factors.(他们带来的动态摄像机将记录哪些物种正在使用隧道。一个朝外的摄像头将识别哪些动物靠近但没有进入，也许是因为交通噪音、隧道大小或其他因素。)”可知，野生动物摄像机的功能是用来追踪隧道内外的动物。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Valerie Bolduc is exploring a path under a four-lane highway to fit wildlife cameras, when she gets stuck in the mud.(瓦莱丽·博尔达克正在四车道高速公路下探索一条小路，以便安装野生动物摄像机，这时她被困在了泥里。)”和第三段的“In eastern Canada, Bolduc and other researchers and conservationists are trying to preserve safe corridors for wildlife.(在加拿大东部，Bolduc和其他研究人员以及自然资源保护主义者正在努力为野生动物保护安全的走廊。)”可知，本文主要讲的是Valerie Bolduc及其他研究人员通过安装动态摄像机为动物迁徙寻找路径，因此最好的题目是D选项“Researchers Seek Paths for Animals to Migrate(研究人员为动物迁徙寻找路径)”，故选D。
C
Nowadays, countries are eager to get more electric cars on the road because moving away from gas-powered vehicles is vital to fighting climate change. China says that most new vehicles sold by 2035 will be electric. The United Kingdom will ban new gas-powered cars in 2030. One of the world’s major automakers, General Motors (GM), announced that it would stop selling gas-powered cars by 2035.
The key to an electric future is batteries. Automakers are racing to pack the most energy into the smallest one. The lithium-ion battery is what powers our mobile devices, which can be recharged again and again. Making these batteries has an environmental cost. Lithium is taken from the earth, like the oil used to make gasoline. But the long-term cost is much smaller. “Once you burn gasoline, you can’t recycle it,” says Jessika Trancik, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “But when you use up a battery, you can still recycle the material.”
It’s up to governments to make electric cars accessible to everyone. National policies can help. In the United States, an electric Chevy Volt costs about $35,000. Trancik says charging stations must also be made widely available. As part of an effort to fight climate change, America plans to build half a million of them in the US by 2030. She hopes enough charging stations will be built soon. “It’s important to put chargers where many different people can have access to them,” she says. “Not just wealthier people.”
Last year, almost 5% of approximately 67 million new cars sold worldwide were electric. For Venkat Viswanathan, a professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, green electricity is part of the solution to climate change, and electric cars are just the beginning. He sees a future of solar-powered homes and electric flying cars. “Soon, a plug-in vehicle might be as cheap as a gas-powered car. It is now abundantly clear that electric is the future,” he says. “It will be a totally new world.”
8. Which word best describes Trancik’s attitude to the lithium-ion battery
A. Conservative. B. Skeptical. C. Positive. D. Disapproving.
9. What does Trancik indicate about charging stations in Paragraph 3
A. They should come down in price. B. They may be unfairly laid out.
C. Enough of them have been built. D. They favor more ordinary people.
10. What can be inferred from Viswanathan
A. Gas-powered cars will be cheaper. B. Green electricity will be widely used.
C. The price of batteries will drop sharply. D. Electric vehicles will beat climate change.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Charging Stations Are Needed B. Vehicles Have Clean Options
C. Climate Change Fuels Electricity D. Our Cars Are Going Electric
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地都在发展电力驱动汽车，因为远离汽油驱动的汽车对应对气候变化至关重要。文章介绍了电动汽车面临的问题以及未来的发展趋势。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中““Once you burn gasoline, you can’t recycle it,” says Jessika Trancik, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “But when you use up a battery, you can still recycle the material.”(“一旦你燃烧了汽油，你就不能回收了，”麻省理工学院的研究员Jessika Trancik说。“但当电池用完时，你仍然可以回收这种材料。”)”可推知，锂离子电池用完可以回收，Trancik对锂离子电池的态度是支持态度。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Trancik says charging stations must also be made widely available. As part of an effort to fight climate change, America plans to build half a million of them in the US by 2030. She hopes enough charging stations will be built soon. “It’s important to put chargers where many different people can have access to them,” she says. “Not just wealthier people.”(Trancik表示，充电站也必须广泛提供。作为应对气候变化努力的一部分，美国计划到2030年在美国建造50万座这样的建筑。她希望不久能建造足够的充电站。“把充电站放在许多不同的人都可以使用的地方很重要，”她说。“不仅仅是富人。”)”可推知，Trancik认为充电站除了富人能使用外，还要让普通人也能使用到，可得出充电站可能会被不公平地放置。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For Venkat Viswanathan, a professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, green electricity is part of the solution to climate change, and electric cars are just the beginning. He sees a future of solar-powered homes and electric flying cars. “Soon, a plug-in vehicle might be as cheap as a gas-powered car. It is now abundantly clear that electric is the future,” he says. “It will be a totally new world.”(对卡内基梅隆大学机械工程教授Venkat Viswanathan来说，绿色电力是解决气候变化的一部分，而电动汽车只是一个开始。他看到了太阳能家庭和电动飞行汽车的未来。他说：“很快，插电式汽车可能会像汽油动力汽车一样便宜。现在很明显，电动汽车是未来的发展方向。这将是一个全新的世界。”)”可推知，未来绿色电力是主力，运用到日常生活的方方面面（如太阳能家庭和电动飞行汽车），绿色电力将得到广泛应用。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nowadays, countries are eager to get more electric cars on the road because moving away from gas-powered vehicles is vital to fighting climate change. China says that most new vehicles sold by 2035 will be electric. The United Kingdom will ban new gas-powered cars in 2030. One of the world’s major automakers, General Motors (GM), announced that it would stop selling gas-powered cars by 2035. (如今，各国都渴望有更多的电动汽车上路，因为远离汽油驱动的汽车对应对气候变化至关重要。中国表示，到2035年销售的大部分新车将是电动汽车。英国将在2030年禁止新的汽油动力汽车。全球主要汽车制造商之一通用汽车宣布，到2035年将停止销售汽油驱动汽车)”结合文章主要说明了世界各地都在发展电力驱动汽车，因为远离汽油驱动的汽车对应对气候变化至关重要。文章介绍了电动汽车面临的问题以及未来的发展趋势。可知，D选项“车辆将走向电动化”最符合文章标题。故选D。
D
Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term “pseudo-working” to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night — but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she’s doesn’t actually accomplish much.
This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who flips through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain’s ability to think clearly and efficiently accomplish the task at hand. In the end they get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work — it’s how they’ve always done it, and it’s how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working. They fear it. It not only wastes time, but it’s also mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. Some cognitive science research concludes that about fifty minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material integrated per time unit. So how do these students achieve this goal To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula (公式): work accomplished = time spent × intensity of focus
Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.
12. Which of the following phenomenon is pseudo-working
A. Tom is busy taking notes while attending a lecture.
B. Mike is sitting at a study lounge in preparation for a final exam quietly.
C. Jack spends a long time in the library on his essay while listening to music.
D. Alice and Sara are sitting on the couch reading their favorite books.
pared with straight-A students, the major problem of most students is that they ______.
A. want to spend more time on study B. are eager to follow their friends’ way
C. have got used to their study approach D. are unaware of their pseudo-working
14. What does the underlined word “optimal” mean in paragraph 5
A. Possible. B. Best. C. Least. D. Accurate.
15. What does the author want to stress by mentioning the formula
A. The length of time on study counts.
B. Concentration plays a key role in study.
C. Getting work done quickly means everything.
D. Effective study approach is very important.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解了“伪工作”的一些表现和其危害，并建议大家提高专注度，提高效率。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who flips through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working.”(这种现象在大多数大学校园中都可以看到。例如，在达特茅斯，主图书馆有一个部分是 24 小时开放的，我以前在深夜看到的学生成群结队地喝咖啡，绝对是伪工作。一边看电视一边在沙发上翻阅她的化学笔记的室友是伪工作。)可知，以上的现象都是“伪工作”。C项“Jack spends a long time in the library on his essay while listening to music.”(杰克一边听音乐一边在图书馆里写论文很长时间。)与以上例子相似，都是将自己置于分散注意力的环境中并坚持长时间工作，故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work—it’s how they’ve always done it, and it’s how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working.”(这里更大的问题是大多数学生甚至没有意识到他们是在伪工作。对他们来说，伪工作就是工作——这是他们一直以来的工作方式，也是他们所有朋友的工作方式。他们从来没有想过可能有更好的方法。另一方面，全优学生对伪工作了如指掌。)可知，大多数学生并不了解他们在在“伪工作”，但是优等生了解。D项“are unaware of their pseudo-working”(不知道他们的伪工作)符合原文表述，故选D项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort.”(事实上，成为一名全优学生最重要的技能是能够快速完成工作并尽量减少浪费的精力。)中的“get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort”和“maximize the material integrated per time unit”(最大化每个时间单位整合的材料)中的“maximize”可猜测是其意为“最佳的”。B项“Best”(最好的)符合句意，故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“ So how do these students achieve this goal To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula: work accomplished=time spent × intensity of focus”(那么这些学生是如何实现这一目标的呢 要了解他们成功的秘诀，可以考虑以下简单的公式:完成的工作=花费的时间×专注的强度)最后一段“Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.”(“伪工作”的特点是聚焦强度很低。因此，要通过伪工作来完成某件事，您需要花费大量时间。另一方面，直A方法会增加聚焦强度以减少时间。)可知，作者并不支持“伪工作”，所以作者更加支持通过减少时间增加专注强度的方法，故推测作者列出公式是为了强调“专注强度”的重要性。B项“Concentration plays a key role in study.”(专注在学习中起着关键作用。)符合推断，故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. ____16____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
_____17_____ when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. _____18_____ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. ____19____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help. ____20____
A. You also learn what you’re good at.
B. Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C. These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D. No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.
E. Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
F. They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
G. Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. A 19. G 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。
【16题详解】
根据上一句“Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time.(足智多谋的意思是找到聪明和创造性的方法来解决问题，利用你目前所拥有的任何资源)”和下文“They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. （它们也可以是任何其他有用的东西，例如信息、建议或您自己的经验。）”上文提到可以使用拥有的任何资源，下文提到“也可以是其他有用的东西”可知，设空处需要第一次例举这些有用的东西。结合选项可知，选项F.They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.(它们可以是激励我们继续前进的著名格言。)承上启下，符合题意；此处they和空后they指代相同。故选F。
【17题详解】
挖空处在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。而后面“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”主要说的是“being resourceful”带来的好处， E选项意思就是resourcefulness 能带来很多好处。故选E。
【18题详解】
该段首句说的是“being resourceful”会对你有好处，前面两句“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(...它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”具体列举了“being resourceful”带来的好处，A选项：你还能知道你所擅长的是什么，对自己更加了解，也契合下一句“This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.这能提高自尊心。这是又一个好处，A项最符合语境。故选A。
【19题详解】
该段在讨论遇到困难时，要专注于问题本身，并列出了具体的步骤。上一句“Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can.(接下来，想出尽可能多的方法来解决问题)”讲的是“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”，G选项：然后衡量它们的好坏，选出最佳的一个，其中them指代上一句solutions，G项填到此处最合适。故选G。
【20题详解】
上一句“And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.(记住，如果你有一个棘手的问题，你无法解决，然后向一个值得信任的成年人寻求帮助)”表示自己实在解决不了，你还可以求助其他人，D选项意为“没有人是被期望要独自解决所有问题的”，与上文意义一致。故填D。
第二部分：语言知识及运用(共四节，满分60分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后21-35各题所给的四个选项(A,B,C,D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The fourth-graders walk up to a mirror — one after another — at a school in southwest Atlanta.
“I’m a good person!” a boy ___21___ a face mask adds.
Another boy follows, “I’m strong and ___22___,” before hurriedly walking away. In the background, their teacher, Acker, holds up the mirror in front of the kids and ___23___ them on. “Yes! Louder! Love it!” she calls out.
Acker teaches science at Gideons Elementary School, and she’s on a ___24___ to boost her students’ confidence and ___25___. The kids returned to school this month after a year of virtual learning, and said their ___26___ words every morning before class starts.
Acker ___27___ this with her 5-year-old daughter since she developed verbal language skills, and loved how they both felt ___28___. “The best part about doing the affirmations is the feeling after I say them,” Acker says. “And the feeling I see my students feel or that they ___29___ after they do it. Their attitude is better, their self-confidence is ____30____ and we have a better day.”
Mental health issues are ____31____ among children nationwide as they struggle with ____32____, uncertainty and pandemic. Many adults report that the pandemic has been hard on their mental health. For kids, some experts say, it has become a(n) ____33____.
And more so this year, kids “need all of the kindness and compassion we can ____34____,” says Dr. Marcuetta, a psychologist.
Children develop their ____35____ based on how grown-ups speak to them, making teachers a key influence and positive affirmation a crucial first step, she adds.
21 A. playing B. wearing C. making D. finding
22. A. mean B. indifferent C. independent D. common
23. A. keeps B. fixes C. calls D. cheers
24. A. promise B. mission C. way D. permission
25. A. self-love B. sympathy C. self-discipline D. wisdom
26. A. surprising B. positive C. unique D. unreliable
27. A. denied B. shared C. practiced D. concluded
28. A. afterward B. forward C. eventually D. initially
29. A. express B. reply C. create D. question
30. A. suspected B. checked C. lifted D. separated
31. A. rising B. improving C. moving D. leading
32. A. personality B. imagination C. curiosity D. anxiety
33. A. opportunity B. success C. choice D. crisis
34. A. think B. offer C. rid D. hide
35. A. languages B. arguments C. doubts D. beliefs
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gideons小学的科学老师Acker每天早上上课之前都让学生对着镜子做自我肯定，这样能增加学生的自信和自爱。专家认为，现在疫情原因，孩子们的身心健康受到很大影响，孩子们更加需要我们大人多给他们一些善意和同情。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我是个好人！”一个戴着口罩的男孩补充道。A. playing玩；B. wearing穿；戴着；C. making制作；D. finding找到。由下文“a mask”和第六空前面“The kids returned to school this month after a year of virtual learning”可知，受疫情影响，学生线上上课近一年后返校，所以此处指男孩戴着口罩，故选B。
22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个男孩跟着说: “我很强壮，也很独立。”然后匆匆走开了。A. mean吝啬的；B. indifferent漠不关心的；C. independent独立的；D. common共同的；普通的。由上文“I’m strong”可知，此处是小男孩在说自己的优点，很强壮，也很独立，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在后面，他们的老师Aker在孩子们面前举起镜子，为他们加油。A. keeps保持；B. fixes固定；修理；C. calls打电话；D. cheers欢呼；喝彩。由下文““Yes! Louder! Love it!” she calls out.”可知，老师让孩子们大声说，并对孩子的做法作出肯定，这是老师在给孩子们加油，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Acker在Gideons小学教科学，她的职责是提高学生的自信和自爱。A. promise承诺；B. mission职责；使命；C. way方法；D. permission允许。由下文“to boost her students’ confidence”可知，提高学生的自信，是Acker老师的职责，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Acker在Gideons小学教科学，她的职责是提高学生的自信和自爱。A. self-love自爱；自恋；B. sympathy同情心；C. self-discipline自律；D. wisdom智慧。由上文“to boost her students’ confidence and”和第一段提到的孩子们对着镜子说的话“I’m a good person!”，“I’m strong”可知，孩子们对着镜子说“我是个好人，我很强壮”这些话，能让孩子增加自信，也能让孩子更加爱自己，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在线上学习了一年之后，这些孩子们这个月回到了学校，每天早上上课前都会说一些积极的话。A. surprising令人惊讶的；B. positive积极的；C. unique独一无二的；D. unreliable不可靠的。由上文提到的孩子们对着镜子说的话“I’m a good person!”，“I’m strong”可知，这些都是积极的话，说这些积极向上的话是为了增加孩子的自信，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从她5岁女儿掌握了语言技能后，Acker就和她一起练习这个，并且她和女儿喜欢这之后他们所产生的感受。A. denied否认；B. shared分享；C. practiced练习；D. concluded总结。由下文“this with her 5-year-old daughter since she developed verbal language skills”可知，Acker在她5岁的女儿掌握了语言技能后，Acker就和她一起练习在镜子面前说一些肯定自己的话，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自从她5岁的女儿掌握了语言技能后，Acker就和她一起练习这个，并且她和女儿喜欢这之后他们所产生的感受。A. afterward后来；以后；B. forward向前；C. eventually最终；D. initially最初。由下文““The best part about doing the affirmations is the feeling after I say them,””可知，Acker很喜欢做自我肯定之后给自己带来的感觉，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：（做自我肯定之后最好的部分就是）我看到我的学生们有这种感觉，或者他们做完之后把这种感觉表现出来。A. express表达；表现；B. reply回复；C. create创造；D. question质询。由下文“Their attitude is better”可知，做自我肯定后孩子们的态度更好，这是他们做自我肯定后所表现出来的，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的态度更好了，他们的自信心提高了，我们的日子更好了。”A. suspected怀疑；B. checked检查；C. lifted提高；增加；D. separated使分离；分隔。由上文“Their attitude is better, their self-confidence is”和下文“we have a better day”可知，通过做自我肯定，学生们的自信心提高了，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：全国儿童的心理健康问题正在上升，因为他们正在与焦虑、不确定性和疫情作斗争。A. rising升起；B. improving提高；改善；C. moving移动；D. leading引领。由下文“Many adults report that the pandemic has been hard on their mental health.”可知，疫情对孩子的心里健康造成影响，所以说全国儿童的心理健康问题正在上升，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：全国儿童的心理健康问题正在上升，因为他们正在与焦虑、不确定性和疫情作斗争。A. personality个性；B. imagination想象力；C. curiosity好奇心；D. anxiety焦虑。由下文“Many adults report that the pandemic has been hard on their mental health.”可知，疫情对孩子的心里健康造成影响，所以说孩子们正在与焦虑，不确定性和疫情作斗争，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些专家说，对于孩子这已经成为一种危机。A. opportunity机会；B. success成功；C. choice选择；D. crisis危机。由上文“Many adults report that the pandemic has been hard on their mental health. For kids, some experts say, it has become a(n)”可知，疫情对孩子心里造成影响，这对于孩子来说是一种危机，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年更是如此，心理学家Marcuetta博士说，孩子们“需要我们所能提供的所有善意和同情”。A. think想；认为；B. offer提供；C. rid使摆脱；D. hide隐藏。由上文“kids “need all of the kindness and compassion we can”可知，孩子需要我们提供给他们一些善意和同情，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，孩子们根据大人们对他们说话的方式来发展他们的信念，这就使得教师成为关键影响力和积极肯定的第一步。A. languages语言；B. arguments争论；C. doubts怀疑；D. beliefs信念。由下文“based on how grown-ups speak to them”可知，孩子们信念的养成是基于大人们对他们的说话方式。故选D。
第二节 句子成分分析(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
判断以下句子的主句属于哪一种结构
A.主+谓 B.主+系+表 C. 主+谓+宾 D.主+谓+宾+宾补 E.主+谓+双宾语
36. The Suishenxing app, the first metropolitan Maas (Mobility as a Service) platform in the world that is initiated by a government, has achieved its basic functions, including public transportation, taxi hailing and smart parking.
37. Although he kept his mind open because he loved storytelling, Dickens was very much against people exploiting those who were grieving.
38. China’s civil aviation authority has ordered domestic airlines to offer free ticket refunds for recent flights due to the COVID-19 outbreak across the country.
39. In this event whoever crosses the finish line first is the winner, meaning the team that wins three races advances to the next round of the competition.
40. Sun Yeli, the spokesman, told a news conference one day ahead of the opening of the congress that China will continue to deepen supply-side structural reform, expand effective demand and take concrete measures to ensure food and energy security and the stability of industry and supply chains.
41. What made him such a hero was his readiness to die for others when death posed a threat to all as well as his willingness to put people’s interests before his own.
42. Taikonauts aboard China’s Tiangong space station will for the first time livestream a science lecture from the Wentian lab module.
43. Faced with the sudden collapse of a levee and the imminent onslaught of 3-meter-high waves, a young army officer swam hard to save his comrades and local residents besieged by floodwater in Hubei Province.
44. Many of the art works, such as Olympic-themed Chinese calligraphy and painting that were exhibited or presented as gifts to foreign friends at Beijing 2022, were the work of the “Cheer for the Olympics” program, which was established in 2017 to promote Chinese culture and, more specifically, its integration with the Olympics.
45. Whether you’re purchasing Christmas presents or buying groceries, having the items you need written down will provide you with clarity and order while you’re shopping.
【答案】36. C 37. B
38. D 39. B
40. E 41. B
42. C 43. A
44. B 45. E
【解析】
【36题详解】
考查主+谓+宾结构。句意：全球首个由政府发起的Maas平台“随身行”软件已经实现了公共交通、打车和智能停车等基本功能。主句主语是The Suishenxing app，谓语动词是has achieved，宾语是its basic functions。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查主+系+表结构。句意：尽管狄更斯因为喜欢讲故事而思想开放，但他非常反对人们剥削那些悲伤的人。主句的主语是Dickens，系动词是was，表语是against people exploiting those who were grieving。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查主+谓+宾+宾补结构。句意：由于新冠肺炎疫情在全国范围内爆发，中国民航局要求国内航空公司为近期航班提供免费退票。主句主语是China’s civil aviation authority，谓语动词是has ordered，宾语是domestic airlines，宾语补足语是to offer free ticket refunds for recent flights。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查主+系+表结构。句意：在这项比赛中，谁先冲过终点线谁就是赢家，这意味着赢得三场比赛的队伍将进行下一轮比赛。主句主语为whoever crosses the finish line first，系动词是is，表语是the winner。故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查主+谓+双宾语结构。句意：新闻发言人孙业力在十八大开幕前一天的新闻发布会上表示，中国将继续深化供给侧结构性改革，扩大有效需求，采取切实措施确保粮食和能源安全，确保产业和供应链稳定。主句主语是Sun Yeli，谓语动词是told，间接宾语是a news conference，直接宾语是that China will continue to deepen supply-side structural reform, expand effective demand and take concrete measures to ensure food and energy security and the stability of industry and supply chains。故选E项。
【41题详解】
考查主+系+表结构。句意：他之所以成为英雄，是因为当死亡威胁到所有人的时候，他愿意为他人而死并且他愿意把人民的利益放在首位。主句主语是What made him such a hero，系动词是was，表语是his readiness to die for others。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查主+谓+宾结构。句意：中国天宫空间站上的宇航员将首次在“闻天”实验舱直播科学讲座。主句主语是Taikonauts aboard China’s Tiangong space station，谓语动词是will livestream，宾语是a science lecture。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查主+谓结构。句意：在湖北省，面对突然决堤和即将来到的三米高的巨浪，一名年轻的军官奋力游泳拯救被洪水围困的战友和当地的居民。主句主语是a young army officer，谓语动词是swam。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查主+系+表结构。句意：许多艺术作品，如在2022年北京奥运会上展出或作为礼物赠送给外国朋友的奥运主题中国书法和绘画，都是“为奥运加油”项目的作品，该项目成立于2017年，旨在促进中国文化，更具体地说是为了促进中国文化与奥运会的融合。主句主语是Many of the art works，系动词是were，表语是the work of the “Cheer for the Olympics” program。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查主+谓+双宾语结构。句意：无论你是买圣诞礼物还是买杂货，把你需要的东西写下来会让你在购物时清晰有序。主句主语为having the items you need written down，谓语动词是will provide，间接宾语是you，直接宾语是clarity and order。故选E项。
第三节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two scientists, Germany’s Benjamin List and Scotland-born David MacMillan, have won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for ____46____ (develop) a molecule-building（分子建构）tool that can produce many important compounds in a “greener” way.
The process of making molecules ____47____ (require) the linking of individual atoms together in specific positions. This can be very slow and difficult. For many years, chemists only used either complex enzymes（酶） ____48____ metal catalysts（催化剂）.
That all changed in 2000, when List and MacMillan ____49____ (independence) reported that small organic molecules can be used to do the same job.
The process has made the production of some drugs much ____50____ (easy). It noted that an ____51____ (estimate) 35 percent of the world’s total GDP, in some way involves chemical catalysis.
Speaking after the ____52____ (announce), List said the award came as a “huge surprise”. He said at the beginning he did not know that MacMillan was working on the same subject, and he thought his effort might turn out to be, what he called,____53____“stupid idea”.
MacMillan said the start of his catalysis work was a pretty simple idea ____54____ really sparked a lot of different research. He added, “The part we’re just so proud of is that you don’t have to have huge amounts of equipment and money _____55_____ (do) fine things in chemistry.”
【答案】46. developing
47. requires
48. or 49. independently
50. easier 51. estimated
52. announcement
53. a 54. that##which
55. to do
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2021年获得诺贝尔化学奖的两名科学家的研究成就。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：两位科学家，德国的Benjamin List和苏格兰出生的David MacMillan，获得了2021届诺贝尔化学奖，因为他们开发了一种能以“更绿色”的方式生产许多重要化合物的分子建构工具。空处作介词for的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填developing。
【47题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：制造分子的过程需要在特定位置将单个原子连接在一起。句子描述现在的一般性情况，应用一般现在时，主语The process of making molecules是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。
【48题详解】
考查连词。句意：多年来，化学家只使用复合酶或者金属催化剂。结合语意，空处应填or，构成固定搭配either…or…表示“或者……或者……”。故填or。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：这一切都在2000年发生了变化，当时List和MacMillan独立报告称，小有机分子可以用来做同样的工作。分析句子，空处修饰动词reported，应用副词形式作状语，independently是副词，表示“独立地”。故填independently。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个过程使一些药物的生产变得容易得多。结合语意，此处表示“更容易”，应用形容词的比较级形式。故填easier。
【51题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：报告指出，估计世界GDP总量的35%，在某种程度上涉及化学催化作用。分析句子，空处作非谓语动词，estimate与被修饰词35 percent of the world’s total GDP之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。故填estimated。
【52题详解】
考查名词。句意：List在宣布后表示，该奖项是一个“巨大的惊喜”。空前出现定冠词the，空处应填名词announcement，表示“宣布”，作介词after的宾语。故填announcement。
【53题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他说，一开始他不知道MacMillan正在研究同一个课题，他以为他的努力可能成为他所谓的“一个愚蠢的想法”。结合语意，此处泛指一个愚蠢的想法，应用不定冠词表示泛指，stupid是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用a。故填a。
【54题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：MacMillan说，他的催化工作的开始是一个非常简单的想法，实际上引发了许多不同的研究。分析句子，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词idea，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用that/which引导从句。故填that/which。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充道：“我们引以为豪的部分是，你不必拥有大量的设备和资金就能在化学方面做出出色的成绩。” have sth. to do表示“有某事要去做”，强调说话人要做某事，所以空处应用不定式形式作后置定语。故填to do。
第四节 单句语法填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
56. We have reached a stage ________ we must take effective measures to protect the environment from being polluted. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经到了必须采取有效措施保护环境不受污染的阶段。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，先行词stage在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
57. You're likely________（suffer）from bad health if you keep smoking. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to suffer
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：如果你继续吸烟，你可能会患上健康问题。be likely to do：可能做。故填to suffer。
58. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.
【答案】which##that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你会发现出租车在汽车站等着，你可以租到出租车去你的寄宿家庭。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the bus station，在定语从句中作hire的宾语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
59. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists _________(trap) in the mountains for two days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】trapped
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语；tourists 与trap之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语；根据英文提示，故填trapped。
60. The reason why I have to go is ________my mother is ill in bed. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我必须去的原因是我母亲卧病在床。根据前文The reason why可知，此处应用that引导表语从句，这是固定句型the rason why...is that...。故填that。
61. As a traffic policeman, he always worked hard to keep the traffic________(run) smoothly even on festivals. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】running
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：作为一名交警，他一直努力工作，即使在节日期间也能保持交通顺畅。分析句子结构，本句谓语是worked，所以空格动词要用其非谓语形式。逻辑主语the traffic和非谓语动词run是主动关系，所以填现在分词running做宾补，keep sth. doing表示“使某物一直做/一直处于……”，表示让交通一直处于顺畅的状态。故答案为running。
62. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were influenced.
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人的眼睛讲述地震的故事。本句为定语从句修饰先行词those，且先行词在从句中做定语，需填关系代词whose。故填whose。
63. As a tour guide, I find it so embarrassing to see some tourists ______(behave) badly while traveling. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】behaving
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名导游，我觉得看到一些游客在旅游时行为不端很尴尬。分析句子，结合句意和see可知，此处为see sb doing sth(看到某人正在做某事)，现在分词作宾补，表示动词在进行中。故填behaving。
64. The official visit, _______(design) to strengthen the friendship between the two countries, was a great success.
【答案】designed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次旨在加强两国友谊的正式访问取得了巨大成功。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词design和前文名词visit之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语，由逗号隔开，相当于非限制性定语从句。故填designed。
65. It snowed heavily last night, thus ____________ (cause) the traffic problems today.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】causing
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：昨晚下了很大的雪，因此造成了今天的交通问题。句中snowed是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词。下雪这件事造成了今天的交通问题，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填causing。
66. ________ surprised us very much was that Tom should have left without a word. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句的连接词。句意：使我们非常惊讶的是汤姆竟然一句话也没说就走了。根据句意分析句子可知，“　　　　　　　　 surprised us very much”是该句子的主语，也就是说这是一个主语从句，但该主语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个连接代词作主语，且意义为“……的事物”，所以应该用连接代词what。故填What。
67. With all the books he was interested in ________ (buy), Tom left the bookshop with great satisfaction.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】bought
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆买了所有他感兴趣书，心满意足地离开了书店。“he was interested in”是定语从句，修饰books，此处是with复合结构，books和buy之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填bought。
68. The tsunami________ (refer) to in the report swept away about 2,000 people, shocking the rest of the country. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】referred
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：报告中提到的海啸夺走了大约2000人的生命，震惊了这个国家的其他地区。分析句子可知，“(refer) to in the report”作后置定语修饰名词The tsunami，refer(提到)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The tsunami之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填referred。
69. In 2019, China became the first country________(land) a probe—Chang'e 4—on the far side of the moon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to land
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2019年，中国成为了第一个在月球背面登陆探测器—嫦娥四号—的国家。根据句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作定语；country前面有序数词the first修饰，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to land。
70. ________ he will offer us enough help doesn’t matter a lot to our success. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Whether
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他是否会为我们提供足够的帮助对我们的成功并不重要。分析句子结构可知，此处应填连词引导主语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但是句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处为whether意为“是否”符合句意且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whether。
71. You are saying that women should stay at home rather than going out to work, and this is _________ I disagree. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句连词。句意：你一直强调女性应该待在家里而不是外出工作。这是我不同意的地方。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导表语从句，从句谓语动词disagree为不及物动词，填写where表“不同意的地方（观点）”。故填where。
72. The team________(make) up of some experts and teachers is coming to visit the ancient city.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】made
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由一些专家和老师组成的小组要来参观这座古城。分析句子可知，设空处应填动词非谓语形式在句中做定语，此处考查固定短语be made up of ，意为“由……组成”，应用过去分词形式。故填made。
73. The ancient building________ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty is really amazing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】dating
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座可以追溯到唐朝的古建筑真是令人惊叹。短语：date back to“追溯到”，是不及物动词短语，在句中作定语，应用现在分词形式。故填dating。
74. The days are gone ________physical strength was all you needed to make a living. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：体力是谋生所必需的日子已经一去不复返了。_____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living是定语从句，修饰先行词the days，先行词是物，在从句中做时间状语，关系词用when。故填when。
75. With a lot of difficult problems________ (settle),I won’t come to the party this evening. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to settle
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：由于有许多难题要解决，我今晚不来参加晚会了。本句为with的复合结构：with+名词+动词不定式，动词不定式表示动作还未发生。故填to settle。
【点睛】
第三部分：词汇及句型运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 单词拼写(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
请用《选择性必修一》Unit3-Unit5及《选择性必修二》Unit1-Unit2所学的单词的正确形式填空。
76. ________(城市的) development has led to the ruination of vast areas of countryside.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】Urban
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：城市的发展导致了广大农村地区的毁灭。根据汉意提示可知，应为形容词urban作定语，修饰名词development；句首单词首字母大写。故填Urban。
77. Deer hunting was ________(禁止) in Scotland in 1959. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】banned##forbidden##prohibited
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：1959年，苏格兰禁止猎鹿。“禁止”用动词ban/forbid/prohibit，是谓语动词，与主语Deer hunting之间是被动关系，用过去分词banned/forbidden/prohibited与助动词was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填banned/forbidden/prohibited。
78. Eventually he ________(克服了) his shyness and spoke in the public. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】overcame
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他终于克服了羞怯。根据汉语提示，表示“克服”用动词overcome，根据下文的spoke可知，本句时态是一般过去时，所以空格处用动词的过去式。故填overcame。
79. ________(采纳) new teaching methods played a significant role in his success. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】Adopting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：采用新的教学方法对他的成功起了重要作用。根据汉语提示，应填入动词adopt ，又因为空白处位于主语的位置，需使用动词的非谓语动词形式且首字母需大写，故填Adopting 。
80. I had some difficulty at first ________(回想) why we were there. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】recalling
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和动名词。句意：起初，我很难回忆起我们为什么在那里。表示“回想”应用动词recall。have difficulty (in) doing意为“做某事有困难”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用动名词作宾语。故填recalling。
81. He felt ________(羞愧) of having done so little. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】ashamed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他为自己做的太少而感到羞愧。felt是系动词，后面用形容词做表语，结合汉语提示，空处应填ashamed，故填ashamed。
82. She never achieved her ________(雄心) of becoming a famous writer. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】ambition
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她从未实现成为著名作家的抱负。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词ambition“雄心，志向”作宾语，满足句意要求。故填ambition。
83. He received the news of his father’s sickness with great ________(焦虑). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】anxiety
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他听到父亲生病的消息非常焦急。根据汉语提示及空前with great可知，空处用名词anxiety，作with的宾语，anxiety意为“焦急”，此处表示抽象意义，不可数。故填anxiety。
84. Qinghai, which ________(占据) 720,000 square kilometers, is home to the three important rivers the Yangtze, the Yellow and the Lancang. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】occupies
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：青海占地72万平方公里，是长江、黄河和澜沧江三大重要河流的发源地。分析句子结构可知，本句是which引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据句意和所给中文提示词，应是occupy意为“占据”，主语是which代指先行词Qinghai，为第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填occupies。
85. Why should I say sorry when it’s not my __________ (过错) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】fault
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这不是我的错，我为什么要道歉？表示“过错”应用名词fault作表语。故填fault。
86. Not everyone ________(赞同) of the proposal, which greatly disappointed him. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】approved
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：并不是所有人都同意这个提议，这使他非常失望。设空处为谓语，根据汉语提示可知是approve，和of构成固定短语approve of，意为“赞同”，根据从句的时态可知应用一般过去时，故填approved。
87. My main reason for ________(订阅) to this magazine is to keep myself informed of the advances in science. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】subscribing
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我订阅这本杂志的主要原因是为了让自己了解科学的进展。设空处接在介词for后，应用动名词形式，根据汉语提示，故填subscribing。
88. She is highly ________(够资格) for the job. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】qualified
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她完全能胜任这项工作。be qualified for意为“有……的资格”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用形容词qualified表示“够资格的”作表语。故填qualified。
89. Before the election, the Prime Minister ________(呼吁) to young people to use their vote. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】appealed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：选举前，首相呼吁年轻人投票。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意和所给中文提示词，应是appeal意为“呼吁”。根据时间状语Before the election，可知应该用一般过去时。故填appealed。
90. It is no use ________(责怪) him for the broken vase. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】blaming
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：把打碎的花瓶怪在他头上是没有用的。结合汉语提示可知，此处用动词blame“责备”，固定句式：It is no use doing sth.(做某事没有意义)，所以此处用动名词blaming，作真正的主语，it为形式主语，故填blaming。
第二节 句子填空(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
请用《选择性必修一》Unit3-Unit5及《选择性必修二》Unit 1-Unit 2所学的短语的正确形式填空。
91. 幸亏你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
________ ________ your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.
【答案】 ①. Thanks ②. to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。介词短语thanks to意为：幸亏、由于；由名词短语“your help”及句意可知，此处应该为介词短语thanks to，句首第一个字母大写。故答案为①Thanks ②to。
92. 当时张先生和两位年轻的机械师负责那个项目。
Mr. Zhang, as well as two young mechanics, ________ ________ ________ ________ the project then.
【答案】 ①. was ②. in ③. charge ④. of
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、主谓一致和固定句型。表示“负责”应用be in charge of；根据句意可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；as well as连接主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于其前面的主语，此处取决于主语Mr. Zhang，为第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单。故空1填was；空2填in；空3填charge；空4填of。
93. 那位警官开始着手揭开谜团背后的真相。
The police officer ________ ________ to find the truth behind the mystery.
【答案】 ①. set ②. out
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。分析句子结构可知，此处应该为谓语动词且其后跟的是动词不定式作宾语，结合句意，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以应使用一般过去时态，表示“开始着手做某事”应为set out to do sth.符合题意。故填①set ②out。
94. 主人依次给来宾斟酒。
The host filled the guests’ glasses ________ ________.
【答案】 ①. in ②. turn
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，“依次”应该用固定短语in turn表示。故填in turn。
95. 塑料的分解需要数百年的时间。
It takes hundreds of years for plastic ________ ________ ________ in natural environment.
【答案】 ①. to ②. break ③. down
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和动词短语。本题固定句型是“It takes+时间+for sb./sth.+to do”表示的意思是“对于……来说，做某事需要花费……时间”。根据中文提示，“分解”对应的英文表达是短语“break down”。故填to break down。
第四部分：书面表达(满分15分)
96. 手机已经成为我们生活中的必需品。同学们对于中学生使用手机有不同的看法，请写一篇短文就中学生应不应该带手机进校园谈谈你的看法。
有些同学认为手机给我们提供了很多方便，同学们可以更好地了解世界，方便与父母、朋友的联系......
有些同学认为使用手机容易上瘾，影响视力。有部分同学沉迷于网络游戏......
你的看法：......
注意:1. 词数 100 词左右;
2. 开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数;
3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Should Mobile Phones Be Allowed at School
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Should Mobile Phones Be Allowed at School
With the development of communication technology, mobile phones have become necessities in daily life. Some middle school students even take them into their school and class. This arouse students’ discussion.
Some students said that mobile phones give us a lot of convenience. For example, it is convenient for us to contact with our parents and friends. While other students believed that students are easy to be attracted by mobile phones, which will have some bad effects on their eyesight. Even worse, part of students will get addicted to online games.
In my opinion, every coin has two sides. If we can use mobile phones in a right way, we won’t be affected by them.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生就“中学生应不应该带手机进校园”进行讨论并给出观点。
【详解】1.词汇积累
给予：give → provide
例如：for example → for instance
认为：believe → hold the opinion
在我看来：in my opinion → as far as I am concerned
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Some middle school students even take them into their school and class. This arouse students’ discussion.
拓展句：Some middle school students even take them into their school and class, which arouses students’ discussion.
【点睛】【高分句型1】While other students believed that students are easy to be attracted by mobile phones, which will have some bad effects on their eyesight.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】If we can use mobile phones in a right way, we won’t be affected by them.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)16中2022学年第一学期期中检测英语试题
(考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，分满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从1-15每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The 93rd Academy Awards ceremony was held on April 25, 2021, rather than its usual late-February date due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Winners
The nominee were announced on March15. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony. Chinese filmmaker Chloe Zhao became the first woman of color to win Best Director and the second woman overall after Kathryn Bigelow, who claimed the title at the 2010 ceremony for directing The Hurt Locker. Best Actress winner Frances McDormand became the seventh person to win a third acting Oscar and the second to win Best Actress three times. As a producer of Nomadland, she also was the first person in history to win Oscars for both acting and producing for the same film. Best Supporting Actress winner Youn Yuh-jung became the first Korean performer and second Asian female to win an Oscar after Miyoshi Umeki, who won the same category for her role in 1957's Sayonara.
Part of awards
Best Actor Anthony Hopkins—The Father as Anthony Best Supporting Actress Youn Yuh-jung—Minari as Soon-ja Best Director Chloe Zhao—Nomadland Best Production Design Mark—Production Design: Donal Graham Burt; Set Decoration: Jan Pascale Best Picture Nomadland—Frances McDormand, Peter Spears, and Chloe Zhao Best Cinematography Mank—Erik Messerschmidt Best Costume Design Ma Rainey's Black Bottom—Ann Roth Best Supporting Actor Daniel Kaluuya—Judas and the black Messiah as Fred Hampton
Rule changes
Due to the ceremony date change, the Academy changed the qualification deadline for feature films from December 31, 2020 to February 28, 2021. The Academy also revised its release and distribution requirements by allowing for films that were released via video on demand or streaming to be qualified for the awards.
1. Who is the first female to win the Academy Award for Best Director
A. Chloe Zhao. B. Kathryn Bigelow. C. Youn Yuh-jung D. Frances McDormand.
2. Which film won the most awards in 2021 Oscar
A. Nomadland. B. The Father. C. Sayonara. D. Minari.
3. What was the deadline for feature films
A. April 25, 2021. B. March 15, 2021. C. February 28, 2021. D. December 31, 2020.
B
Valerie Bolduc is exploring a path under a four-lane highway to fit wildlife cameras, when she gets stuck in the mud. “I am really stuck,” says the road ecology student, trying to pull her feet out of a streambed that travels through the concrete culvert (涵洞) of Quebec Route 117. “I do not want to be a deer going through that.”
Bolduc’s dilemma makes evident the risks for wild animals using the same path.
A warming climate is pushing many animals to migrate toward higher latitudes (纬度) to remain within their desirable environments, but that comes with risks as they cross dangerous areas, such as highways. In eastern Canada, Bolduc and other researchers and conservationists are trying to preserve safe corridors (走廊) for wildlife.
The motion-activated cameras they have brought will record which species are using the tunnels. An outward-facing camera will identify what animals approach but do not enter perhaps prevented by traffic noise, the tunnel’s size or other factors.
Bolduc explains that this highway running through southern Quebec separates a series of Canadian national and regional parks on either side, along with their animal populations. “It’s super important,” she notes, “because the animals want to move north and they encounter these and then can they move through Will they get hit by a car We’ll need to figure that out. And we need to help them, at least I want to help them.”
After finishing fitting their cameras on the northbound side of the highway, Bolduc and her team decide they need an alternate path to the other side to avoid another misfortune in the mud. “We’re generally trying to be safe,” Bolduc says, “but for the animals, this is their life!”
4. What can we learn from Bolduc’s experience of being trapped
A. It is difficult to fit wildlife cameras.
B. She is out of luck during the exploration.
C. Road conditions of the highway are unexpected.
D. It is dangerous for wild animals to cross this area.
5. What do these animals move to higher latitudes for
A. Less traffic noise. B. Warmer climate. C. Safe corridors. D. Favorable environments.
6. What function is expected of the wildlife cameras
A. To record the changes in traffic flow. B. To figure out difficulties wild animals face.
C. To track animals in and around the tunnels. D. To photograph the living environment of wild animals.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. High Tech Protects Wildlife B. Animal Migration Is under Threat
C. Ecologists Fear the Future of Wildlife D. Researchers Seek Paths for Animals to Migrate
C
Nowadays, countries are eager to get more electric cars on the road because moving away from gas-powered vehicles is vital to fighting climate change. China says that most new vehicles sold by 2035 will be electric. The United Kingdom will ban new gas-powered cars in 2030. One of the world’s major automakers, General Motors (GM), announced that it would stop selling gas-powered cars by 2035.
The key to an electric future is batteries. Automakers are racing to pack the most energy into the smallest one. The lithium-ion battery is what powers our mobile devices, which can be recharged again and again. Making these batteries has an environmental cost. Lithium is taken from the earth, like the oil used to make gasoline. But the long-term cost is much smaller. “Once you burn gasoline, you can’t recycle it,” says Jessika Trancik, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “But when you use up a battery, you can still recycle the material.”
It’s up to governments to make electric cars accessible to everyone. National policies can help. In the United States, an electric Chevy Volt costs about $35,000. Trancik says charging stations must also be made widely available. As part of an effort to fight climate change, America plans to build half a million of them in the US by 2030. She hopes enough charging stations will be built soon. “It’s important to put chargers where many different people can have access to them,” she says. “Not just wealthier people.”
Last year, almost 5% of approximately 67 million new cars sold worldwide were electric. For Venkat Viswanathan, a professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, green electricity is part of the solution to climate change, and electric cars are just the beginning. He sees a future of solar-powered homes and electric flying cars. “Soon, a plug-in vehicle might be as cheap as a gas-powered car. It is now abundantly clear that electric is the future,” he says. “It will be a totally new world.”
8. Which word best describes Trancik’s attitude to the lithium-ion battery
A. Conservative. B. Skeptical. C. Positive. D. Disapproving.
9. What does Trancik indicate about charging stations in Paragraph 3
A. They should come down in price. B. They may be unfairly laid out.
C. Enough of them have been built. D. They favor more ordinary people.
10. What can be inferred from Viswanathan
A. Gas-powered cars will be cheaper. B. Green electricity will be widely used.
C. The price of batteries will drop sharply. D. Electric vehicles will beat climate change.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Charging Stations Are Needed B. Vehicles Have Clean Options
C. Climate Change Fuels Electricity D. Our Cars Are Going Electric
D
Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term “pseudo-working” to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night — but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she’s doesn’t actually accomplish much.
This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who flips through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain’s ability to think clearly and efficiently accomplish the task at hand. In the end they get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work — it’s how they’ve always done it, and it’s how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working. They fear it. It not only wastes time, but it’s also mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. Some cognitive science research concludes that about fifty minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material integrated per time unit. So how do these students achieve this goal To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula (公式): work accomplished = time spent × intensity of focus
Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.
12. Which of the following phenomenon is pseudo-working
A. Tom is busy taking notes while attending a lecture.
B. Mike is sitting at a study lounge in preparation for a final exam quietly.
C. Jack spends a long time in the library on his essay while listening to music.
D. Alice and Sara are sitting on the couch reading their favorite books.
pared with straight-A students, the major problem of most students is that they ______.
A. want to spend more time on study B. are eager to follow their friends’ way
C. have got used to their study approach D. are unaware of their pseudo-working
14. What does the underlined word “optimal” mean in paragraph 5
A. Possible. B. Best. C. Least. D. Accurate.
15. What does the author want to stress by mentioning the formula
A. The length of time on study counts.
B. Concentration plays a key role in study.
C. Getting work done quickly means everything.
D. Effective study approach is very important.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. ____16____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
_____17_____ when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. _____18_____ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. ____19____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help. ____20____
A. You also learn what you’re good at.
B. Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C. These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D. No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.
E. Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
F. They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
G. Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
第二部分：语言知识及运用(共四节，满分60分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后21-35各题所给的四个选项(A,B,C,D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The fourth-graders walk up to a mirror — one after another — at a school in southwest Atlanta.
“I’m a good person!” a boy ___21___ a face mask adds.
Another boy follows, “I’m strong and ___22___,” before hurriedly walking away. In the background, their teacher, Acker, holds up the mirror in front of the kids and ___23___ them on. “Yes! Louder! Love it!” she calls out.
Acker teaches science at Gideons Elementary School, and she’s on a ___24___ to boost her students’ confidence and ___25___. The kids returned to school this month after a year of virtual learning, and said their ___26___ words every morning before class starts.
Acker ___27___ this with her 5-year-old daughter since she developed verbal language skills, and loved how they both felt ___28___. “The best part about doing the affirmations is the feeling after I say them,” Acker says. “And the feeling I see my students feel or that they ___29___ after they do it. Their attitude is better, their self-confidence is ____30____ and we have a better day.”
Mental health issues are ____31____ among children nationwide as they struggle with ____32____, uncertainty and pandemic. Many adults report that the pandemic has been hard on their mental health. For kids, some experts say, it has become a(n) ____33____.
And more so this year, kids “need all of the kindness and compassion we can ____34____,” says Dr. Marcuetta, a psychologist.
Children develop their ____35____ based on how grown-ups speak to them, making teachers a key influence and positive affirmation a crucial first step, she adds.
21. A. playing B. wearing C. making D. finding
22. A. mean B. indifferent C. independent D. common
23. A. keeps B. fixes C. calls D. cheers
24. A. promise B. mission C. way D. permission
25. A. self-love B. sympathy C. self-discipline D. wisdom
26. A. surprising B. positive C. unique D. unreliable
27. A. denied B. shared C. practiced D. concluded
28. A. afterward B. forward C. eventually D. initially
29. A. express B. reply C. create D. question
30. A. suspected B. checked C. lifted D. separated
31. A. rising B. improving C. moving D. leading
32. A. personality B. imagination C. curiosity D. anxiety
33. A. opportunity B. success C. choice D. crisis
34. A. think B. offer C. rid D. hide
35. A. languages B. arguments C. doubts D. beliefs
第二节 句子成分分析(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
判断以下句子的主句属于哪一种结构
A.主+谓 B.主+系+表 C. 主+谓+宾 D.主+谓+宾+宾补 E.主+谓+双宾语
36. The Suishenxing app, the first metropolitan Maas (Mobility as a Service) platform in the world that is initiated by a government, has achieved its basic functions, including public transportation, taxi hailing and smart parking.
37. Although he kept his mind open because he loved storytelling, Dickens was very much against people exploiting those who were grieving.
38. China’s civil aviation authority has ordered domestic airlines to offer free ticket refunds for recent flights due to the COVID-19 outbreak across the country.
39. In this event, whoever crosses the finish line first is the winner, meaning the team that wins three races advances to the next round of the competition.
40. Sun Yeli, the spokesman, told a news conference one day ahead of the opening of the congress that China will continue to deepen supply-side structural reform, expand effective demand and take concrete measures to ensure food and energy security and the stability of industry and supply chains.
41. What made him such a hero was his readiness to die for others when death posed a threat to all as well as his willingness to put people’s interests before his own.
42. Taikonauts aboard China’s Tiangong space station will for the first time livestream a science lecture from the Wentian lab module.
43. Faced with the sudden collapse of a levee and the imminent onslaught of 3-meter-high waves, a young army officer swam hard to save his comrades and local residents besieged by floodwater in Hubei Province.
44. Many of the art works, such as Olympic-themed Chinese calligraphy and painting that were exhibited or presented as gifts to foreign friends at Beijing 2022, were the work of the “Cheer for the Olympics” program, which was established in 2017 to promote Chinese culture and, more specifically, its integration with the Olympics.
45. Whether you’re purchasing Christmas presents or buying groceries, having the items you need written down will provide you with clarity and order while you’re shopping.
第三节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two scientists, Germany’s Benjamin List and Scotland-born David MacMillan, have won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for ____46____ (develop) a molecule-building（分子建构）tool that can produce many important compounds in a “greener” way.
The process of making molecules ____47____ (require) the linking of individual atoms together in specific positions. This can be very slow and difficult. For many years, chemists only used either complex enzymes（酶） ____48____ metal catalysts（催化剂）.
That all changed in 2000 when List and MacMillan ____49____ (independence) reported that small organic molecules can be used to do the same job.
The process has made the production of some drugs much ____50____ (easy). It noted that an ____51____ (estimate) 35 percent of the world’s total GDP, in some way involves chemical catalysis.
Speaking after the ____52____ (announce), List said the award came as a “huge surprise”. He said at the beginning he did not know that MacMillan was working on the same subject, and he thought his effort might turn out to be, what he called,____53____“stupid idea”.
MacMillan said the start of his catalysis work was a pretty simple idea ____54____ really sparked a lot of different research. He added, “The part we’re just so proud of is that you don’t have to have huge amounts of equipment and money _____55_____ (do) fine things in chemistry.”
第四节 单句语法填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
56. We have reached a stage ________ we must take effective measures to protect the environment from being polluted. (用适当的词填空)
57. You're likely________（suffer）from bad health if you keep smoking. （所给词的适当形式填空）
58. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.
59. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists _________(trap) in the mountains for two days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
60. The reason why I have to go is ________my mother is ill in bed. (用适当的词填空)
61. As a traffic policeman, he always worked hard to keep the traffic________(run) smoothly even on festivals. （所给词的适当形式填空）
62. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were influenced.
63. As a tour guide, I find it so embarrassing to see some tourists ______(behave) badly while traveling. (所给词的适当形式填空)
64. The official visit, _______(design) to strengthen the friendship between the two countries, was a great success.
65. It snowed heavily last night, thus ____________ (cause) the traffic problems today.(所给词的适当形式填空)
66. ________ surprised us very much was that Tom should have left without a word. (用适当的词填空)
67. With all the books he was interested in ________ (buy), Tom left the bookshop with great satisfaction.(所给词的适当形式填空)
68. The tsunami________ (refer) to in the report swept away about 2,000 people, shocking the rest of the country. (所给词的适当形式填空)
69. In 2019, China became the first country________(land) a probe—Chang'e 4—on the far side of the moon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
70. ________ he will offer us enough help doesn’t matter a lot to our success. (用适当的词填空)
71. You are saying that women should stay at home rather than going out to work, and this is _________ I disagree. (用适当的词填空)
72. The team________(make) up of some experts and teachers is coming to visit the ancient city.(所给词的适当形式填空)
73. The ancient building________ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty is really amazing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
74. The days are gone ________physical strength was all you needed to make a living. (用适当的词填空)
75. With a lot of difficult problems________ (settle),I won’t come to the party this evening. （所给词的适当形式填空）
第三部分：词汇及句型运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 单词拼写(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
请用《选择性必修一》Unit3-Unit5及《选择性必修二》Unit1-Unit2所学的单词的正确形式填空。
76. ________(城市的) development has led to the ruination of vast areas of countryside.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
77. Deer hunting was ________(禁止) in Scotland in 1959. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
78. Eventually he ________(克服了) his shyness and spoke in the public. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
79. ________(采纳) new teaching methods played a significant role in his success. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
80. I had some difficulty at first ________(回想) why we were there. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
81. He felt ________(羞愧) of having done so little. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
82. She never achieved her ________(雄心) of becoming a famous writer. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
83. He received the news of his father’s sickness with great ________(焦虑). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
84. Qinghai, which ________(占据) 720,000 square kilometers, is home to the three important rivers the Yangtze, the Yellow and the Lancang. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
85. Why should I say sorry when it’s not my __________ (过错) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
86. Not everyone ________(赞同) of the proposal which greatly disappointed him. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
87. My main reason for ________(订阅) to this magazine is to keep myself informed of the advances in science. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
88. She is highly ________(够资格) for the job. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
89. Before the election the Prime Minister ________(呼吁) to young people to use their vote. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
90. It is no use ________(责怪) him for the broken vase. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
第二节 句子填空(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
请用《选择性必修一》Unit3-Unit5及《选择性必修二》Unit 1-Unit 2所学的短语的正确形式填空。
91. 幸亏你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
________ ________ your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.
92. 当时张先生和两位年轻的机械师负责那个项目。
Mr. Zhang, as well as two young mechanics, ________ ________ ________ ________ the project then.
93. 那位警官开始着手揭开谜团背后真相。
The police officer ________ ________ to find the truth behind the mystery.
94. 主人依次给来宾斟酒。
The host filled the guests’ glasses ________ ________.
95. 塑料的分解需要数百年的时间。
It takes hundreds of years for plastic ________ ________ ________ in natural environment.
第四部分：书面表达(满分15分)
96. 手机已经成为我们生活中的必需品。同学们对于中学生使用手机有不同的看法，请写一篇短文就中学生应不应该带手机进校园谈谈你的看法。
有些同学认为手机给我们提供了很多方便，同学们可以更好地了解世界，方便与父母、朋友的联系......
有些同学认为使用手机容易上瘾，影响视力。有部分同学沉迷于网络游戏......
你的看法：......
注意:1. 词数 100 词左右;
2. 开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数;
3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Should Mobile Phones Be Allowed at School
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