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(共18张PPT)
七选五技巧点拨
七选五
1.词汇复现法（相同的，相近的，一个范畴里面的，相反的）
2.代词指代法
3.标点符号法
4.空格位置法。
翻译七个选项标注选项中的关键词
A. You can also volunteer at your local shelter.
B. It helps focus on the present and clear your mind.
C. Thankfully, there are ways you can get back on track.
D. If you’re able, get into nature and breathe the fresh air.
E. Relieve your stress and refresh your mind, body and spirit,
F. When a negative thought flashes, replace it with a positive one.
G. When a negative attitude takes over, shake it off by practising gratitude.
Work, family and world events can be so stressful that it feels like optimism and joy are far out of reach. Anyone can get stuck in a bad mood — but you don’t have to stay there! 16
Once you’re in a mood you need to shake, start by going to your happy place. 17 If not, keep a photo on your phone or computer of a beautiful, favorite place and take a moment to imagine yourself there. What’s the weather like What does the air smell like What are you doing while you’re there How does being there make you feel You’ll instantly feel calmer， lost in the daydream or the memory of your happy place.
We can make our situations worse by keeping thinking about negative thoughts. 18 “Bad things always happen to me,” becomes “What lesson can I learn from this situation ” “I wasted the whole day,” becomes “I still have 5 more hours left to make today a great day!”
Whether it is going for a coffee at your favorite café, or catching a movie in the theatre, make sure that once a week you schedule some “me” time. 19 That may mean getting less done during the day, but you deserve to take a mental break, regularly. So give priority to the time you need to recharge.
20 Whether it’s the rare bit of easy traffic on your way to work or the break in the weather, you won’t have time to complain about the negative things because you’re so busy being grateful.
CDFEG
阅读技巧点拨
题目类型 文章类型
1.细节理解 1.广告，报刊，电影 景 点介绍等
2.主旨大意 2.记叙文
3.推理判断 3.议论文
4.词义猜测 4.说明文
A
The 4 Best Group Travel Tour Companies for 2022
Best Overall Group Travel: Exodus Travels
This award-winning group travel company takes pride in thousands of repeat customers who sign up for trips year after year. These small group tours operate with only around 12—16 people, and always feature experienced local leaders who can give you a unique insight into your destination.
Best Adventure Group Travel: World Expeditions
World Expeditions offers active trips on every continent. Travelers can choose from trips themed around mountaineering, cycling, hiking, and so on. Trips are created using the company’s Thoughtful Travel Charter as a guideline which emphasizes respect for the local ecosystem, having a positive impact on local communities, protecting wildlife, and more.
Best Budget Group Travel: G Adventures
G Adventures is one of the best tour companies for solo travelers. You can choose to share a room with another G Adventures solo traveler, or pay extra to have your own space. G Adventures keeps costs down by offering cheaper hotels and local meals, and making certain activities optional. Family tours, local living tours, and wellness-focused tours are also available.
Best Small-group Travel: Intrepid Travels
This fantastic Australian company adopts an independent travel style and is one of the world’s leading small-group adventure travel companies. Since its foundation in 1989, Intrepid has focused on providing a style of travel that has all the benefits of independent travel with none of the usual troubles, in which tourists meet local people, try local food and have real life cultural experiences.
1. Which company is suitable for people keen on eco-tourism
A. G Adventures. B. Exodus Travels
C. Intrepid Travels. D. World Expeditions.
2. What do Exodus Travels and Intrepid Travels have in common
A. They won international awards. B. They provide small group tours.
C. They compete for repeat customers. D. They provide fancy hotels for travelers.
3. Who might be more interested in G Adventures
A. Qualified tour guides. B. People on a tight budget.
C. Unusual path adventurers. D. People into extreme sports.
1—3 DBB
B
A tree-planting initiative in Kenya has seen over 30,000 trees being planted. The Green Generation Initiative is a Kenyan charity that has been planting trees to counter climate change and the reduction in forest in the East African nation since 2016.
Founded by climate activist Elizabeth Wathuti when she was fifteen years old, the initiative’s primary focus is on developing young climate activists through environmental education in schools and addressing food insecurity in the region through planting fruit trees. Since its foundation, over 30,000 trees have been planted in Kenya, while thousands of school children have not just planted trees but adopted them to ensure that young people learn the importance of acting as a guardian over the health of the environment. The trees have recorded a survival rate of over 98 percent, as they remain tended to from young trees to maturity.
Speaking to world leaders at the recent United Nations Climate Conference in Glasgow (COP26), Elizabeth issued a serious warning on the threat of climate change. Over two million of Kenyans are facing climate related starvation. In 2025, half of the world’s population will be facing water shortage. The climate crisis will displace 80 million people in sub-Saharan Africa alone.
Elizabeth said, “I have been doing what I can. Inspired by the great Wangari Maathai, I founded a tree growing initiative that enhances food security for young Kenyans.” So far, they have grown 30,000 fruit trees to maturity, providing desperately needed nutrition for thousands of children. “Every day we see that when we look after the trees, they look after us. We are the adults on this Earth right now, and it is our responsibility to ensure that the children have food and water，” she added.
4. What is the initiative intended for
A. Making policies. B. Raising money.
C. Educating adults. D. Fighting climate change.
5. What crisis are Kenyans encountering at present
A. Hunger. B. Sickness C. Water shortage. D. Economic risks.
6. What has been achieved since 2016
A. 3,000 trees have been planted. B. Green awareness has been raised.
C. 80 million people have been saved. D. School education has been guaranteed.
7. Which of the following can best describe Elizabeth Wathuti
A. Friendly and talented. B. Caring and responsible
C. Honest and determined. D. Ambitious and humorous.
4—7 DABB
C
If you’ve followed dieting advice and experienced significant weight loss, only to have it return；you’re not alone. It’s also not your fault. The human body is designed to maintain balance as much as possible. In a restricted calorie environment, the body adapts to using fewer calories each day to function. This leads to a slowing in metabolism（新陈代谢）, which makes it even more difficult to lose weight and ultimately leads to gaining weight again. Muscle is more metabolically active than fat, which means it burns more calories at rest than fat does. If your body starts breaking down muscle to fuel its basic functions, that can further slow your metabolism and make losing weight and keeping it off long term difficult.
Because the body wants to preserve weight, a slow approach to losing extra pounds is healthier than sharply cutting calories. It’s better to pace your weight loss by eating just enough calories to keep you at insufficiency while still meeting most of your body s energy needs. This will help keep your metabolism working efficiently.
Determining the number of calories you need to eat to meet that rate of weight loss will depend on several factors, including your age, starting weight, activity level and sex. Candace Pumper, a staff dietitian with the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center in Columbus, says, “The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics position statement on adult weight management recommends 1,200 to 1,500 calories per day for women and 1,500 to 1,800 calories per day for men to support weight loss.”
She notes，however, those guidelines are “not meant to substitute for professional nutritional advice or treatment. It’s recommended individuals follow the advice of their dietitian’s guidance regarding appropriate calorie intake, as many factors affect calorie needs.” She also notes that if one is looking to lose weight quickly, he has to work with and be supervised by a health care provider.
8. Why do people gain weight after dieting for long
A. The muscle burns fewer calories at rest than fat.
B. The body functions slowly because of dieting.
C. It is hard to strike a balance while in hunger.
D. It is impossible to have a long-term effect.
9. What does the underlined part “at insufficiency” probably mean in Paragraph 2
A. Being improper. B. Being unhealthy
C. Being inadequate. D. Being unnecessary.
10. Which of the following may determine calorie loss
①age ②weight ③identity ④gender
A. ②③④ B. ①②③ C. ①②④ D. ①③④
11. What is suggested in the last paragraph
A. Individual efforts matter a lot.
B. Professional advice is important.
C. Calorie needs vary from person to person.
D. Care providers can be relied on for weight gain.
8—11 BCCB
D
Voices offer lots of information. It turns out that they can even help diagnose an illness. The National Institutes of Health is funding a massive research project to collect voice data and develop an AI that could diagnose people based on their speech.
Everything from your vocal cord vibrations（声带振动）to breathing patterns when you speak offers potential information about your health，says Dr. Yael Bensoussan, a leader on the study. “We asked experts: If you close your eyes when a patient comes in, just by listening to their voice, can you have an idea of the diagnosis they have ” Bensoussan says. “And that’s where we got all our information.” Someone who speaks low and slowly might have Parkinson’s disease. Speaking unclearly is a sign of a stroke. Scientists could even diagnose depression or cancer.
The team will start by collecting the voices of people. “We were really lacking large what we call open source databases,” Bensoussan says. “Every institution has their own database. But to create these networks was really important to then allow researchers from other generations to use this data.” The ultimate goal is an app that could help bridge access to rural or underserved communities, by helping general practitioners refer patients to specialists. To get there, researchers have to start by collecting data, since the AI can only get as good as the database it’s learning from. By the end of the four years, they hope to collect about 30,000 voices, with data on other biomarkers—like clinical data and genetic information—to match.
There are a few roadblocks. HIPAA—the law that regulates medical privacy—isn’t really clear on whether researchers can share voices. “Let’s say you donate your voice to our project,” says Yael Bensoussan. “Who does the voice belong to What are we allowed to do with it What are researchers allowed to do with it Can it be commercialized ”
12. What does Yael Bensoussan mean in Paragraph 2
A. Voices may help with illness diagnosis.
B. Scientists can rely on an AI to detect illness.
C. Disease symptoms can be noted by machines.
D. It’s necessary for doctors to listen to patients talking.
13. How will the research be carried out
A. By building a base. B. By collecting data.
C. By connecting communities. D. By matching clinical information.
14. Why is HIPAA mentioned in the last paragraph
A. To prove the researchers’ idea.
B. To explain the procedures of the study.
C. To imply the problems with the research.
D. To ensure the commercial value of the study.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. An Application for Voice Study B. Data-collected Approach to Research
C. A Breakthrough in Medical Findings D. Sound-aided AI Help With Diagnosis
12—15 ABCD
I live in a small but lovely neighborhood. Our house is neither large nor luxurious, but it has a fairly big garden.’ My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it; and took good care of the plants, watering them, applying fertilizer, weeding and getting rid of bugs. He was never tired of doing all that stuff. But at that time, I didn’t understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.
Unfortunately, in the summer vacation before senior high school, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips, so she couldn’t take care of the garden. I didn’t want my father to worry. I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often, so I didn’t think much about the garden.
One Saturday morning, my father said to me, “Christine, the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let’s have a salad today!” I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce（生菜）leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!
I panicked for a moment but then I quietly went to the nearest supermarket to buy some vegetables. When I was making the salad, my mother came home and saw the bag from the supermarket in. the kitchen. I was embarrassed and admitted, “Dad would like a salad, but the garden is a disaster. I don’t want to disappoint him, so I went to the store and bought some vegetables.” My mother smiled, saying, “Honey, you know what is the right thing to do.”
Paragraph 1My father seemed very pleased when I took the salad to him.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2Feeling guilty, I decided to do the right thing.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 1My father seemed very pleased when I took the salad to him.
Paragraph 2Feeling guilty, I decided to do the right thing.
My father kept praising me, which made my ears burning. Feeling bad about what I had done, I forced a bitter smile. How could I cheat my father
关键字：爸爸看到并品尝沙拉后有何反应？“我”又是什么心情？
建议：注意父子之间的互动，情感等细节描写。
关键字：“我”坦白真相，受到鼓励，将功补过，收获成长。
建议：侧重动作和心理描写。
My father seemed very pleased when I took the salad to him. “It looks so good. Your salad makes my mouth water,” Dad couldn’t wait to try it. He forked a piece into his mouth and chewed slowly, his face spreading in a satisfied smile. Giving me a thumbs-up, he said, “Little did I know you are so good at gardening. You are a man of your word.” My father kept praising me, which made my ears burning. Feeling bad about what I had done, I forced a bitter smile. How could I cheat my father
Feeling guilty, I decided to do the right thing. With tears welling up in my eyes, I told my father I didn’t live up to his expectations and that the garden was a mess. To my surprise, instead of scolding me, my father patted me on the shoulder gently and told me to turn to him if I needed any help. Under his guidance, I learned to apply fertilizer, weed and remove bugs. The vegetables became better and better day by day, and so did my father. I began to enjoy taking care of vegetables and I finally understood my father’ s pleasure of working in the dirt.(共60张PPT)
阅读理解
高考英语题型分类破解攻略
本节内容概述
□阅读理解题型及解答策略
在历年高考英语中，阅读理解部分所占分值最大；2020年新高考改革后阅读理解题分值有所变化，ABC三篇阅读理解共10道题，每题2.5分，共25分。较之前的考题减少5分，但单个题目的分值增大，由原来的2分，增加为现在的2.5分。可见提高阅读理解正确率的重要性。若想要提高正确率，高考英语阅读理解题型和答题的技巧与方法，了解是必要的。高考英语阅读理解题型一般包括：细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、观点态度等。本章节将按照上述题型，通过历年高考英语真题实例，分类归纳总结，旨在提高学生的阅读理解水平。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
阅读理解题型及解答策略
*.《英语考试大纲》要求
1. 理解主旨和要义；
2. 理解文中具体信息；
3. 根据上下文推断生词的词义；
4. 做出简单判断和推理；
5. 理解文章的基本结构；
6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
一.细节理解题
1. 细节理解题通常会针对某个特定的细节出题，题型可以多样化。一般有两种类型：一是直接理解题，可以直接定位原文并找到答案；二是同义转换题，正确答案项是由原文相关词汇释义而来。做该类试题一般要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
一.细节理解题
2. 设问形式：常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误，即是非判断题。如下：
（1）Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage
（2）Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage
（3）Which is the right order of the events given in the passage
（4）All the following statements are NOT true except _______.
（5）What can we learn from the passage
阅读理解题型及解答策略
一.细节理解题
For Canaan elementary second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
What made Chris nervous
A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech.
C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
√
阅读理解题型及解答策略
一.细节理解题
解析：这是一道典型的细节理解题。通过题目中的nervous ，定位到原文：文中第二段第一句话But he's nervous。 以及第一段中：today is speech day , and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.以及第二段中a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.可知：他是英语为非母语的演讲者，公众英文演讲感到紧张。故此题选B。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
1.在高考英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型，主要考查学生的猜测能力和判断能力。词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。解题过程中，考生会遇到两个障碍：一是单词都认识却不知道句意；二是单词完全陌生，出现理解困难或理解偏差，影响阅读效率。这就要求学生要树立起语境观念，从上下文着手”顺藤摸瓜”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
2.设问形式
（1） Which of the following is the closest meaning to the word？
（2） The word... could best be replaced by.
（3） In the... paragraph, the word... means （refers to）.
（4） According to the passage,... probably means.
（5） The author uses the word... to mean.
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
3.解题思路
（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测；根据同义词、反义词猜测；根据转折或对比关系等来猜测。
（2）代词指代题：首先从宏观上充分把握代词（it, them, those等）指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义；其次，从微观入手抓住关键词，理顺逻辑关系，从而推断代词指代的内容。
（3）句意猜测题：在阅读原文的基础上，对划线的句子进行语法及语义上的准确分析，从原文意义出发对划线句子做恰当符合逻辑的推理判断。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
4.猜测词义的方法：针对性解释型
（1）根据定义猜测词义：如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例如：Do you know what a “territory” is A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims as its own.
分析：由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
4.猜测词义的方法：针对性解释型
（2）根据举例猜测词义：恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例如： The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.
分析：根据such as后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
5.猜测词义的方法：内在逻辑关系型
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
（1）根据对比、比较关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。 表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as,resemble等。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
5.猜测词义的方法：内在逻辑关系型
（1）根据对比、比较关系猜测词义
A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean
A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests
分析：根据对比关系，这里hassle和a basket of fun是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
5.猜测词义的方法：内在逻辑关系型
（2）根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。例如：
feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”
The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_______” .
A. full of respect B. too confident and rude
C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet
分析：根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（“既然你是我的上司”），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
5.猜测词义的方法：内在逻辑关系型
（3）根据说明、并列、同等同义近义、反义等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。
例如：William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线), good and ill together.”
The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy
分析：句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：“混合的，交织的”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
6.猜测词义的方法：构词法型
（1）根据前缀猜测词义
例如：Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools
根据词根educational，结合前缀co-，我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”意思。
（2）根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．
后缀 -ise/ize意思是“使成为…；使…化”，结合词根commercial，不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：“未被商业化的”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
6.猜测词义的方法：构词法型
（3）根据复合词的各部分猜测词义。例如：
We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft no longer exists.
根据合成词中的mass和produce，我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是：“大批量生产；规模生产”的意思。
（4）猜测词性变换新词含义。例如：
I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment.
cloud本为名词。分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为“使难以……”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
7.猜测词义的方法：生活常识型
运用自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。 例如：
Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.
句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”；wither是“枯萎”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
【即时练习】
I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.
Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier”
A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor
√
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
【即时练习】
解析：本题可以根据上下文解释进行猜测。根据划线词courier所在处后面的内容 I’ve done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box可知：作者已经进行了89次远行；作者还有42小时运送小箱子里的干细胞。由此推断作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。本题原文中的trip（旅行）,carry（随身携带）是推理courier的关键词。答案A . provider 为供应者； B. delivery man送货员；C. collector 收藏者；D. medical doctor 医师；故选B。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
【即时练习】
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the“-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.
His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for…
me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Improper pausesB. Bad manners C. Spelling mistakes D. Silly jokes
√
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题
【即时练习】
解析：首先定位stumbles，找到Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well（除去一些…，他做得非常到位）,遵循词不离句的原则，找到前一句But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”说明Chirs演讲时时nervous（紧张的），说话的内容中should连续两个词重复，关键的动词trip原意为“绊倒”，此处隐身为“说话结巴”。选项中A. Improper pauses不恰当的停顿；B. Bad manners不礼貌； C. Spelling mistakes 拼写错误；D. Silly jokes愚蠢的笑话，很明显，说话结巴，磕磕绊绊不顺畅，即为不恰当的停顿。所以答案为A。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
三.推理判断题
1.高考阅读理解推理判断题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文字背后隐含的意义和深层意思，即通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知信息去推断出作者没有直接表达出来的深层意思。推理判断隐含意义不仅要求考生能够读懂文章中设题处相关的每个句子信息，还要求考生能够推理他们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，得出言外之意，从而揭示文章的内涵意义。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
三.推理判断题
2.设问形式：
（1）It can be inferred/implied from the text that_______.
（2）What do we know about...
（3）We can infer from... that_____.
（4）What does the author mean that...
阅读理解题型及解答策略
三.推理判断题
3.解题思路：推理判断题的答案不可能原文中直接找到，所以选项有原文句意的句子一般都是错误选项，可以先排除。推理时务必要准确定位并忠于原文，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，找到作者的言外之意。切忌妄加评论、主观臆断，更不可望文生义。除此之外，还要注意几点误区：原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论；文中无关紧要或片面的结论；与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论；不合常理或不合逻辑的推论；虽然符合常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。考生一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论；二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
三.推理判断题
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
√
阅读理解题型及解答策略
三.推理判断题
解析：此题为推理判断题。根据题干“Whaley’s project”进行定位，找到文章中的对应句：Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves。该句中意为：Whaley说，这个项目不仅仅是在公共场合学习阅读和演讲。他希望这些孩子学会自我夸赞。答案中：A. help students see their own strengths 帮助学生看到自己的长处；B. assess students’ public speaking skills评价学生的公众说话技巧；C. prepare students for their future jobs让学生为未来的工作准备；D. inspire students’ love for politics激发学生对政治的热爱，显然选项A是设题处的高度概括，故选A.
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题
1.高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查考生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题设题。这类题目考查方式为：概括总结文章的主题、文章标题、段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括和总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别筛选信息的能力。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题
2.设问方式
（1）标题归纳题：
<1>What may/can be the best title for the text
<2>The best title for the text would be______.
<3>Which of the following can be the best title for the text
<4>What might be the most suitable title for the text
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题
2.设问方式
（2）主题归纳题：
<1>The main idea of the passage is…
<2>The passage is mainly about…
<3>Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
<4>What is the passage mainly about
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题
3.解题思路
（1）主题归纳题：归纳总结主题包括对整篇文章和对段落的大意总结。对整篇文章的大意总结一是需要利用文章的主题段来把握文章的中心思想。主题段通常出现在文章开头和结尾。对段落大意的总结和概括主要通过寻找主题句的方法来完成。主题句因文章不同，位置各异，具体如下：
主题句在开头：先提出观点，再举例论证或细节解释观点；
主题句在末尾：先表述细节或举例，再归纳结论或结果；
主题句在中间：开头先介绍背景或细节，中间综合或概括出主题，后面再用具体的事实进一步说明或发展前面的主题；
主题句首尾呼应：开头点出主题，中间加以解释，末尾再次强调主题或对前面的事实做出进一步的概括，虽然前后主题中心思想一致，但表述不尽相同；
无主题句：注意反复出现的关键词，再进行归纳总结。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题
3.解题思路
（2）标题归纳题：在阅读理解中，通常利用找中心句来确定文章标题。首先通读文章，找到文章的中心句，根据中心句的关键词来确定最佳标题。同时，在选标题的时候还要注意以下几个问题：
<1>首先要在对原文理解基础上仔细考虑所选标题是否符合文章的中心思想，同时关注标题对文章的内容的覆盖性如何，避免题目范围过大或过小。
<2>确定文章标题时要注意容易犯的几个错误：涵盖内容片面，以偏概全；标题过于笼统，过于概括；标题集中在一些文章的事实或细节而没有对文章的中心思想有一个提升和概括；选标题时要站在作者和原文的角度理解，忌主观臆断。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO recently set April30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion lie Are we, as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran, “So I want to continue those dialogue. Those are the things I want to foster.”
Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Exploring the Future of jazz. B. The Rise and Fall of jazz.
C. The Story of a jazz Musician. D. Celebrating the Jazz Day.
√
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题
解析：该题为主旨大意题。通读全文后找出文章首段的中心句：UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures. 该句意为：联合国教科文组织最近将4月30日定为世界爵士乐日，以提高人们对爵士乐的认识，认识爵士乐的重要性，认识爵士乐作为跨文化统一声音的潜力。但通过后文可知，这项措施收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则将失去吸引力。所以本文主要讨论了爵士乐的未来。A项探索爵士乐的未来符合文意，故A为正确选项。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题
1.高考阅读理解中观点态度题是常见题型。考查学生把握作者及文中人物的态度、思想倾向。对某一观点是支持还是反对或对某一观点持积极态度还是消极态度；对文中提及的人或事等是褒扬、同情、漠不关心还是厌恶憎恨等。考生需要抓住原文中能体现情感态度的修饰词去推理作者及文中人物的态度和思想倾向。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题
2.设问形式
（1）What’s the writer’s attitude to …
（2）What’s the tone of the passage
（3）The author’s view is _______
（4）The writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________
（5）The author’s opinion could be best described as_________
（6）Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with
（7）Which of the following statements indicates the author’s attitude toward ____
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题
3.解题思路
首先通读全文或全段，理解文章或段落的内容和大意。其次，找到体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例，同时注意流露作者思想倾向或感彩的形容词、副词、动词等关键词。考生应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题
4. 常见表示作者各类态度的形容词：
（1）表客观的词：objective, impartial（公正的）, neutral, disinterested（无私的）, unbiased, unprejudiced, factual（事实的，实际的）, informative（提供信息的）;
（2）表主观偏见的词：subjective, prejudiced, biased, partial（偏见的）;
（3）表漠不关心的词：indifferent, uninterested, carefree, unconcerned;
（4）表困惑迷茫的词：confused, perplexed, puzzled, ambiguous;
（5）表态度较深的词：enthusiastic, strong, completely, radical（激进的）;
（6）表态度谨慎的词：preserved, qualified, tempered, guarded（有保留的，谨慎的）;
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题
4. 常见表示作者各类态度的形容词：
（7）表态度积极的词：positive, favorable, consent（赞成）, supportive，defensive（辩护的）, optimistic, confident, respectful, approval, sympathetic, humorous, sober（清醒的）;
（8）表消极意义的词：negative, critical, sarcastic, worried, pessimistic, apprehensive（忧虑的）, opposed, suspicious, doubtful, ironic, disapproval, objection, opposition, criticism, indignant;
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题
4. 考生在做题时要特别关注文章的措辞，尤其注意那些能表明感彩的词，如improving, encouraging, disappointing, fortunately, excessively, too many等，领悟作者的写作态度。另外,要注意干扰项常常具有三个特点：
（1）可能是考生自己的某种观点；
（2）社会普遍的一种倾向，文中没有信息支持；
（3）与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等；
（4）注意区分作者态度与引用别人的态度。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displacedby human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
√
巩固练习
巩固练习·Passage 1
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
1. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
√
巩固练习·Passage 1
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
2. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.
C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship.
√
巩固练习·Passage 1
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
3. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play
A. They play with puzzles more often. B. They tend to talk less during the game.
C. They prefer to use more spatial language. D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
√
巩固练习·Passage 1
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study.
C. A woman psychologist D. A teaching program.
√
巩固练习·Passage 1·解析
本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【4题详解】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
巩固练习·Passage 2
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have (showcased) nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
1. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn
A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand. D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
√
巩固练习·Passage 2
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have (showcased) nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
2. Why are scientists concerned about nutria
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
√
巩固练习·Passage 2
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have (showcased) nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
3. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
√
巩固练习·Passage 2
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have (showcased) nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
4. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
√
巩固练习·Passage 2·解析
本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。
【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则-谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
【3题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
巩固练习·Passage 3
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
1. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
√
巩固练习·Passage 3
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
2. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Pleasure from working in the library. B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories. D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
√
巩固练习·Passage 3
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
3. What does the author call on other writers to do
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media. C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
√
巩固练习·Passage 3
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young D. My Love of the Library
√
巩固练习·Passage 3·解析
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
【2题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
【4题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
本节内容小结
阅读理解题型及解答策略(共17张PPT)
Why Kids Don’t Feel Cold The Same Way Adults Do
为什么孩子不会像大人一样感到寒冷
As millions of moms and dads will attest (证实), kids frequently balk at being bundled up in coats, hats, and gloves when they go outdoors in the winter. The children claim they’re just not cold, but parents usually error on the side of caution by bundling them up and making sure they don’t get too wet or stay out too long.
数以百万计的父母都会证实，孩子们在冬天外出时，经常不愿被裹在外套、帽子和手套里。孩子们声称他们只是不冷，但父母通常谨慎过头，给孩子们穿上厚衣服，生怕他们被淋湿或在外面待太久。
frequently adv [课标新增词] 经常；频繁地
balk at 不愿；畏缩不前；犹豫
bundle up （因寒冷）给……穿上暖和的衣服
claim v [课标新增词] 宣称；声称
error on the side of sth 宁愿过于……也不冒险犯错
caution [ k n] n 谨慎；小心


The truth is that kids are at the same risk of heat loss and hypothermia (体温过低) as adults are, and maybe more. But it’s also true that children often really don’t feel cold, even when their parents do. Why is this
事实上，儿童与成人一样面临着热量流失和体温过低的风险，甚至风险更大。但即使在父母觉得冷的时候，孩子们真不觉得冷也是事实。这是为什么呢？

Part of the issue involves a fundamental difference between how effective the human body is at actually regulating its own temperature and how sensitive it is to the temperature outside. We are born with the ability to generate, maintain, or get rid of heat as outside weather and circumstances dictate (规定).
问题的部分原因与人体实际调节自身温度的有效性与外界温度的敏感性之间的根本差异有关。我们生来就有根据外界天气和环境产生、维持或消除热量的能力。
issue n [课标新增词] [学术词] 问题
involve v [课标新增词] [学术词] 牵涉；牵连
fundamental [ f nd mentl] adj [学术词] 根本的；十分重大的
effective adj 有效的；产生预期结果的 （effect + -ive）
actually adv [课标新增词] 真实地；事实上
regulate [ reɡjule t] v [学术词] 调节；控制
sensitive [ sens t v] adj 敏感的
generate [ d en re t] v [课标新增词] [学术词] 产生；引起
maintain [me n te n] v [课标新增词] [学术词] 维持；保持
get rid of 消除
circumstance [ s k mst ns] n [学术词] 环境；条件


In general, our bodies are quite adept at creating heat in the winter (by shivering (颤抖) or becoming more active) and eliminating (消除) excess (多余的) heat in the summer (by sweating). But some bodies are more efficient at these processes than others—people of the same height and weight can differ dramatically in their ability to maintain a healthy body temperature. In much the same way, different people can exhibit (表现) very different levels of sensitivity (灵敏度) when outside conditions are jeopardizing (危及) their ability to conserve (保藏) or dissipate (消散) heat.
总的来说，我们的身体非常擅于在冬天制造热量（通过颤抖或变得更加活跃），在夏天消除多余的热量（通过出汗）。但有些群体在这些过程中比其他人更有效率。身高和体重相同的人在保持正常体温的能力上可能会有很大的差异。同样，当外界条件危及人们的保温或散热能力时，不同的人会表现出不同程度的灵敏度。
in general 总的来说；从总体上看 be adept at 擅长于 body n [熟词生义] 群体；团体
efficient [ f nt] adj [课标新增词] 效率高的；有功效的
dramatically [dr m t kli] adv [学术词] 显著地；大幅地 （dramatic adj [课标新增词] [学术词] 巨大的）
healthy adj [熟词生义] 正常合理的 conditions n 物质环境；条件

When dealing with young kids who are playing outside in freezing temperatures, one of the things to remember when they claim that they don’t feel cold is that they probably really don’t feel cold. They are naturally so active that their bodies are generating enough heat to keep them feeling warm, even if they aren’t. This can be a dangerous illusion (错觉), however, because young children’s bodies are less able to regulate their internal temperature than those of adults, and thus more prone (易遭……的) to hypothermia as a result of their bodies’ smaller surface area, smaller amounts of subcutaneous fat (皮下脂肪), and a not-yet-fully-developed ability to shiver. So they may be telling the truth when they claim not to feel cold, but they’re probably more at risk than adults.
当孩子在寒冷气温的室外玩耍时，要记住的一件事就是，当他们声称自己不觉得冷时，他们可能真的不觉得冷。他们天生活泼好动，他们的身体产生了足够的热量，使他们保持温暖，即使他们没有足够热量。然而，这可能是一种危险的错觉，因为孩童的身体比成人调节体温的能力低，并且由于他们的身体表面积较小，皮下脂肪量较少，以及还未完全发育出颤抖的能力，因此更容易出现体温过低。因此，当他们声称不觉得冷时，他们可能说的是实话，但他们可能比成年人更危险。
deal with 处理；应付 internal adj [课标新增词] [学术词] 体内的
as a result of 由于

Another factor to keep in mind when your kids balk at being bundled up is that they don’t like being bundled up for the same reason that some babies don’t like being swaddled (紧裹) and wrapped in tight blankets or clothing. The “bundling” decreases their ability to move around and process sensory stimulation, and subconsciously (潜意识的) makes them feel constricted (受约束的) and uncomfortable.
另一个需要记住的因素是，孩子们不愿穿暖和的衣服，是因为他们不喜欢被包裹，原因与一些婴儿不喜欢被包裹在紧绷的毯子或紧身的衣服中的原因相同。“捆绑”降低了他们四处走动和处理感官刺激的能力，并在潜意识中使他们感到受约束和不舒服。
factor n [课标新增词] [学术词] 因素；要素
wrap sth in sth 用……包裹…… （wrap v [课标新增词] 包；裹）
process v [名词动化] 处理 sensory adj 感官的；感觉的
stimulation [ st mju le n] n 刺激（stimulate v [课标新增词] 刺激；使兴奋）

Also, as kids grow older and become more socialized, they may not feel that wearing a coat and hat and gloves is “cool,” so they may resist being forced to wear clothing that makes them stand out and not “fit in” with how other kids are dressing.
此外，随着孩子们年龄的增长和社会化程度的提高，他们可能不会觉得穿外套、戴帽子和手套是件很酷的事，因此他们可能会抗拒被迫穿那些让他们引人注目的衣服，而穿着和其他孩子一样的“合群”的穿着方式。
resist doing sth 拒绝做某事
stand out 引人注目；显而易见
fit in 被他人接受；相处融洽
Still, as a general rule, it’s better to make sure that your kids are dressed warmly in extreme cold to prevent issues of hypothermia and frostbite (冻伤). Wearing that coat, hat, and gloves will not protect them from catching colds and the flu — that’s an “old parents’ tale” because these diseases are spread by microorganisms (微生物) — but it will protect them against the physical dangers posed by extreme cold.
不过，一般来说，最好确保你的孩子在极寒时穿着暖和，以防止体温过低和冻伤。穿上外套、戴上帽子和手套会防止他们感染感冒和流感是“无稽之谈”，因为这些疾病是由微生物传播的，但它可以保护他们免受极端寒冷带来的身体危险。
as a general rule 一般来说
physical adj 身体的；躯体的
pose v [学术词] [熟词生义] 造成；引起；产生
extreme adj 极端的 （extremely adv [课标新增词] 极端；极其）

But here is another interesting side of the story. Scandinavian (斯堪的纳维亚人) parents (from Sweden (瑞典) and Norway (挪威), where winter temperatures are often extreme) maintain centuries-old traditions of allowing their newborns and young infants (婴儿) to nap (打盹) outside while sleeping in their strollers (轻便婴儿车). It’s not unusual to walk past a child care center and see rows of strollers lined up outside, the babies in them wrapped in blankets and sleeping soundly. The parents — doing what their parents and grandparents before them did — feel that exposure to fresh air at any temperature is better than being cooped up inside.
但还有一个有趣的故事。斯堪的纳维亚父母（来自瑞典和挪威，那里的冬季气温通常很低）保持着数百年的传统，允许新生儿和婴儿在室外的婴儿车里小睡。走过一家儿童护理中心，看到一排排婴儿车排在外面，裹着毯子的婴儿睡得很香，这并不稀奇。父母和他们之前的父母和祖父母一样，觉得在任何温度下接触新鲜空气都比被关在室内要好。
side of the story 对某事的说法
line up （使）排成行 soundly adv （酣）睡；（睡得）沉
exposure [ k sp (r)] n [课标新增词] [学术词] 暴露
be cooped up 被关在狭小地方里

And the cold / flu / disease statistics in Scandinavia support this belief because the Scandinavian “outside nappers” have fewer colds than American infants do. But it’s also important to realize that these naps are always supervised (监督) by adults, the babies are wrapped warmly, and the adults bring them back inside the moment outside temperatures dip below 15 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏的). Also, when the kids get bigger, their parents dress them just as warmly when they go out to play as American parents do and probably endure (忍耐) just as many protestations (声明) of “But Mom… I’m not cold.” as we do.
斯堪的纳维亚半岛的感冒 / 流感 / 疾病统计数据支持了这一观点，因为斯堪的那维亚“户外小睡者”比美国婴儿少感冒。但同样重要的是，要认识到，这些小睡总是由成年人监护，婴儿被温暖地包裹着，当室外温度降至15华氏度以下时，成年人会将他们带回室内。此外，当孩子们长大后，他们的父母在他们外出玩耍时给他们穿得很温暖，就像美国父母做的那样，可能也会像我们一样忍受“但妈妈……我不冷”的抗议。
statistic n [学术词] 统计数据
dip v [熟词生义] 下降；下沉

So the general consensus (共识) in the global healthcare community seems to be that you should ignore these protests from your kids when they don’t want to wear appropriate clothing in the cold, and make sure they do it anyway. The dangers of developing frostbite and hypothermia far outweigh the dangers of not appearing “cool” in front of their playmates.
因此，全球医疗界的普遍共识似乎是，当你的孩子不想在寒冷中穿合适的衣服时，你应该忽视他们的抗议，并确保他们无论如何都要这样做。冻伤和体温过低的危险远远超过了在玩伴面前不“酷”的危险。
community [k mju n ti] n [课标新增词] [学术词] [熟词生义] 界；团体
protest [ pr test] n [课标新增词] 抗议；反对
appropriate [ pr pri t] adj 合适的；恰当的
outweigh v 超过 （out + weigh）

课后练习：
翻译下列短语：
不愿意做某事
在外面待着
冒着......的风险
与生俱来的
消除
擅长
be balk at doing
stay out
at the risk of doing
be born with
get rid of
be adept at
课后练习：
翻译下列短语：
在......有效率
在......不同
同样
危及能力
易遭受.......的
老实说
be efficient in sth
differ in sth
in much the same way
jeopardize the ability
be prone to
tell the truth
课后练习：
翻译下列短语：
记住某事
用......包裹......
处理感官刺激
拒绝做某事
引人注目
相处融洽
bear sth in mind
wrap sth in sth
process sensory stimulation
resist doing sth
stand out
fit in
课后练习：
翻译下列短语：
一般来说
穿着
保护......免受......
由......传播
由......引起
对......的说法
in general
be dressed in
protect ... from ...
be spread by...
be posed by...
side of the story
课后练习：
翻译下列短语：
允许某人做某事
使得......排成行
由某人监督
A远远超过B
allow sb to do sth
line up
be supervised by sb
A far outweigh B

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