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上海市建平中学2022学年第一学期期中考试
高一英语试题
(考试时间为90分钟，总分100分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. $ 10. B. S 15. C. $20. D. $30.
2 A. Stop the music. B. Work on the composition.
C. Help the woman. D. Focus on music.
3 A. Sensitive. B. Sociable. C. Respectable. D. Thoughtful.
4. A. The man will have black coffee. B. The man has quitted coffee.
C. The man is on a diet. D. The man only drinks milk.
5. A. He met with an accident. B. He had to do extra work.
C. He forgot to pick up his friend. D. He was held up in traffic.
6. A. Have a rest. B. Learn new skills.
C. Find a new job. D. Do extra work.
7. A. Brightening a room. B. Buying new furniture.
C. Redecorating a room. D. Painting a living room.
8. A. He considers it stressful. B. He lacks required abilities.
C. He is not confident enough. D. He has no time for it.
9. A. He doesn’t have enough money. B. He wants to give the woman a surprise.
C. He doesn’t know what to buy. D. He has forgotten the woman’s birthday.
10. A. Narrow down his theme. B. Revise his paper carefully.
C. Focus on the paper. D. Cover more topics.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. It doesn’t include a remote. B. It can be controlled by gesture.
C. It can automatically power off. D. It can be operated by voice.
12. A. Much to be improved. B. Not as good as expected.
C. Good enough at its price point. D. Best of all the TVs.
13. A. A fantastic video clip. B. An introduction of a review channel.
C. A comment on a TV. D. The usage of a remote.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It flies 14, 000 kilometres one way. B. Its worms live on oranges.
C. Its migration path varies each time. D. It makes an annual migration.
15. A. It is in danger of extinction. B. It is losing sense of direction.
C. Humans are killing it on purpose. D. Global warming stops its migration.
16. A. By recording its number. B. By changing its diet.
C. By providing enough food. D. By breeding artificially.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. She joined a free fitness programme. B. She never persevered in going to the gym.
C. The trainer offered to help her for free. D. Her friend recommended her to do so.
18. A. She is overweight. B. She often overworks.
C. She is not fit enough. D. She has a bad lifestyle.
19. A. By setting a role model himself. B. By giving her personalized advice.
C. By working with her in a funny way. D. By running and jumping with her.
20. A. Manageable. B. Unrealistic. C. Dull. D. Demotivating.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the two passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Classic gardens of Suzhou
Fine works of art and architecture form an important part of our cultural heritage. Fortunately, some of these cultural sites_____1_____ (preserve) well since they were unearthed.
Chinese garden design, _____2_____seeks to recreate miniature natural landscapes, couldn’t be any better illustrated than in the nine gardens in the historic city of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Suzhou’s classical gardens, _____3_____buildings and landscape are coupled together, create a harmonious union between man and nature.
The classical gardens of Suzhou are the unification of houses and gardens, and they were meant to be appreciated and lived in as well. A thickly populated city _____4_____Suzhou often lacks rich natural scenery, and that is why such typical architecture should be found in the city. _____5_____ (improve) their living conditions, certain individuals in Suzhou would attempt to create harmony in their living environment by constructing their homes together with nature.
Founded in the Song Dynasty, Canglang Pavilion has _____6_____ (long) history among all of the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. Naturally well designed, it _____7_____ (call) one of the four best gardens in Suzhou. _____8_____ other three are Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lingering Garden. The masterfully designed Canglang Pavilion looks simple but elegant. Without fancy decorations, it combines buildings with scenery so perfectly and profoundly _____9_____the whole garden appears to have been formed naturally.
Suzhou’s classical gardens hold high value for the study of Chinese landscape gardening, architecture, culture, aesthetics (美学) and philosophy. All nine of Suzhou’s most famous classical gardens ______10______ (add) to the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1997.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once, Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．backed B. commonly C. cover D. customs E. special F. major G. mark H. misfortunes I. performed J. puzzled K. thoroughly
Telling the bees
“London Bridge is down” is how Sir Edward Young, Queen’s private secretary, conveyed the official news about the death of Queen Elizabeth II on Thursday. As the news spread through the world, a headline ____11____ many on social media: “royal beekeeper has informed the Queen’s bees that the Queen has died.”
Did bees need to be told about human affairs Would they have any sort of opinion on the matter
But some beekeepers, ____12____ by historians, say “telling the bees” is a standard practice that goes back centuries, with potentially serious consequences if not followed.
“It’s a very old and ____13____ tradition, but not something that’s very well-known,” said Mark Norman, a folklorist and the author of Telling the Bees and Other ____14____: The Folklore of Rural Crafts.
The tradition holds that bees, as members of the family, should be informed of ____15____ life events in the family, especially births and deaths. Beekeepers would knock on each hive, deliver the news and possibly ____16____ the hive with a black cloth during a mourning period. The practice is more ____17____ known in Britain but is also found in the United States and other parts of Europe, Mr. Norman said.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, it was believed that neglecting to tell the bees could lead to various ____18____, including their death or departure, or a failure to make honey. Nowadays, beekeepers may be less likely to believe they risk bad luck, but they may continue to follow the tradition as “a ____19____ of respect,” Mr. Norman said.
Stephen Fleming, a beekeeper for 25 years and the co-editor of BeeCraft, a magazine for British beekeepers, said he once _____20_____ the tradition after a friend died. He went to the friend’s bees, gently knocked on the hives and told them the news, he said.
“It was just something I thought my friend would have enjoyed,” he added.
Mr. Fleming said most beekeepers would most likely be aware of the tradition, but not as many would practice it.
“It’s generally thought to be a good and nice thing to do,” he said.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The old 1986 truck was a gift from his grandfather. It worked, but it was large and inconvenient. So it was not an ideal vehicle for Ian Cheney’s ____21____ inner-city neighborhood in New York. Many New Yorkers would look at the truck and think of a rubbish dump. Ian Cheney looked at his grandfather’s truck and thought of a (n) ____22____.
As in other large cities, there are not many places to grow food in New York. Yet Cheney wanted a vegetable garden. Many urban farmers in New York have found ____23____ ways to grow vegetables. There are rooftop gardens high above the city. There are community gardens in old parking lots. There is even a (n) ____24____ garden in the Hudson River. Cheney, however, didn’t ____25____ any of these. So the old truck was a (n) ____26____ solution. The back of the truck provided him with the ____27____ he needed. “Since I don’t have a rooftop to grow any food,” Cheney explains. “It seemed like the logical thing to do.”
So Cheney ____28____ to work. First, he drilled holes in the truck bed for drainage—allowing water to pass through the bed. Then he laid down a recycled plastic mat. The soil came next. He made sure that everything was organic. Cheney ____29____ organic because he wanted to grow vegetables without chemicals. Then he planted lettuce, herbs, spinach, and tomatoes. Finally, he watered and waited.
When the food was ready to pick, Cheney drove the truck from one urban neighborhood to another. He ____30____some of the vegetables. He sold the rest to friends and neighbors. Everywhere he parked, passersby stopped and talked about the beautiful vegetable garden in the back of the truck.
Cheney is ____31____ about food. He strongly believes that people are better off eating more local food, because it reduces economic and environmental ____32____. There is also the question of nutrition. Less nutritional benefits of vegetables ____33____ over time. So eating food within a few days of harvesting is healthier for you.
Cheney knows that his truck cannot solve the problem of the lack of fresh food in all neighborhoods. Yet like rooftop gardens, it could be part of the solution. Cheney continues to plant his truck and drive it around New York neighborhoods. He hopes that fresh and healthy food can be ____34____ in more places, including inner-city areas. As Cheney says, “If we can grow food in the back of a 1986 Dodge pickup, we can ____35____ find better ways to grow more fresh produce.”
21. A. crowded B. plain C. deserted D. breathtaking
22. A. house B. square C. farm D. bank
23. A. creative B. uniform C. regular D. ugly
24. A. floating B. emerging C. rising D. remaining
25. A. have attachment to B. make commitments to C. have access to D. make contributions to
26. A. difficult B. practical C. limited D. common
27. A. tool B. space C. information D. material
28. A. set up B. set off C. set aside D. set out
29. A. recognized B. measured C. commercialized D. preferred
30. A. gave away B. gave up C. gave back D. gave in
31. A. curious B. anxious C. optimistic D. passionate
32. A. consumption B. costs C. advantages D. significance
33. A. change B. decrease C. remain D. adapt
34. A. acceptable B. reasonable C. popular D. available
35. A. logically B. vaguely C. definitely D. randomly
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
To celebrate his friend’s birthday, Luke Fortune drove from a small town in Central Oregon to Portland, where he parked his car in a paid garage overnight. The next morning, he discovered that the car’s window had been smashed, along with his dreams for the future: His backpack and computer were gone.
“Everything important to me was on that computer,” said Fortune, 21, who is studying to become a paramedic.
Two days after the theft, another young man was standing outside his apartment, also in Portland. Masoud Almazrouei, 29, was an exchange student from the United Arab Emirates. He had been approached by a man who said he had a computer for sale. Only $200. Almazrouei, who had been in the United States for only a year, admits now that he was na ve. But he needed a computer so he bought it, took it home, and turned it on. Within seconds, he saw files and photographs.
“I wondered who would sell a computer with all of this on it,” he said. “I realized it could be stolen.” Almazrouei found what appeared to be the owner’s cell phone number and called it.
Fortune didn’t trust this guy with a thick accent and thought it was a scam.
Soon after, a police officer called Fortune to say that a man had dropped the computer off and had said he was sorry. He passed along the man’s number.
Fortune called and thanked Almazrouei and insisted on paying him a reward of $200, the money he was out. Almazrouei refused. He said it was his mistake to buy the computer from someone he didn’t know. More important, he said, it was his honor and duty as a Muslim to return the property to the rightful owner. “I saw a photo of this man in his paramedic uniform,” Almazrouei said. “They help people. He is a good man. I don’t want my money back.”
Still, the encounter produced its own kind of rewards. For Fortune, it was a lesson in cultural awareness amid the sometimes bitter national debate about immigrants, especially from the Arab world. “I’m from a small mainly white town,” Fortune said. “I’ve never met a Muslim. He’s a good man.”
Almazrouei’s lesson was perhaps more complex. When a story about the two young men’s encounter made it to the local papers, Almazrouei received a call from Wim Wiewel, the president of Portland State University, where Almazrouei is studying economics.
“We thought since you gave back the laptop, we should give you a laptop so that you’ll have one,” Wiewel told him. “We’re very proud of you. It was a great story, but you did the right thing.”
36. What is the correct order of the events that happened
①The computer was stolen in a paid garage.
②Almazmouei found a lot of files and photographs in the computer.
③Unsuspecting, Almazrouei bought the computer at $200.
④Almazrouei called Fortune but it didn’t work.
A. ①②③④ B. ①③②④ C. ③④②① D. ②①③④
37. The underlined word “scam” in Para. 5 is closest in meaning to “_________”.
A. trick B. game C. gamble D. accident
38. What does the author mean by saying “Still, the encounter produced its own kind of rewards” in Para. 8
A. Kindness will eventually pay off one day.
B. Almazrouei got admitted into a renowned university.
C. Fortune could seek his dream with his computer back.
D. Both of the young men learned something in their own way.
39. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Theft is common in Portland.
B. Almazrouei was short of money.
C. Fortune could not realize his dreams without his computer.
D. Fortune used to discriminate against Muslims.
B
Many factors can interfere with a good night’s sleep — from work stress and family responsibilities to illnesses. You might not be able to control the factors that interfere with your sleep. However, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple tips.
1. Stick to a sleep schedule Set aside no more than eight hours for sleep. The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. Most people don’t need more than eight hours in bed to be well rested. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, including weekends. Being consistent reinforces your body’s sleep-wake cycle. If you don’t fall asleep within about 20 minutes of going to bed, leave your bedroom and do something relaxing. Read or listen to soothing music. Go back to bed when you’re tired. Repeat as needed, but continue to maintain your sleep schedule and wake-up time. 2. Pay attention to what you eat and drink Don’t go to bed hungry or stuffed. In particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. Discomfort might keep you up. Caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of caffeine take hours to wear off and can interfere with sleep. And even though alcohol might make you feel sleepy at first, it can disrupt sleep later in the night. 3. Create a restful environment Keep your room cool, dark and quiet. Exposure to light in the evenings might make it more challenging to fall asleep. Avoid prolonged use of light-emitting screens just before bedtime. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs. Doing calming activities before bedtime, such as taking a bath or using relaxation techniques, might promote better sleep. 4. Limit daytime naps Long daytime naps can interfere with nighttime sleep. Limit naps to no more than one hour and avoid napping late in the day. However, if you work nights, you might need to nap late in the day before work to help make up your sleep debt. 5. Include physical activity in your daily routine Regular physical activity can promote better sleep. However, avoid being active too close to bedtime. Spending time outside every day might be helpful, too. 6. Manage worries Try to resolve your worries or concerns before bedtime. Jot down what’s on your mind and then set it aside for tomorrow. Stress management might help. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and delegating tasks.
40. What can be learned from the passage
A. It’s not hard to control the factors interfering with our sleep.
B. The longer we sleep, the better we feel.
C. It’s better to remain in bed when you fail to fall asleep.
D. Stress can contribute to bad sleep.
41. According to the article, which of the following encourages better sleep
A. Do physical exercise before going to bed. B. Drink alcohol to get sleepy.
C. Avoid long naps during the day. D. Do some indoor activities.
42. This article is most likely to come from ____________.
A. a travel magazine B. an advertisement
C. a health magazine D. an informal letter
C
About 50 years ago, the famous British band The Beatles sang that “money can’t buy me love”. Today, British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness cither. This is showed by the Happy Planet Index (HPI 快乐指数) published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in London.
The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives, and at what cost to their environment.
It would seem to be common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives, while those in developing countries are having a harder time. But the results are surprising, even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example, ranks number 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny island in the Pacific, Vanuatu, comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks number 31.
Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their lives How long does an average person live How greatly does a country need to use its natural resources to maintain its living standards This is what the index calls the “ecological footprint”.
The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.
The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environment impact. The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.
“However, Germany’s ecological footprint is only about half that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives,” says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s Center for well-being.
So the Happy Planet Index (HPI) tells us a brand-new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their “Ecological Footprint” and “Life Satisfaction Level” or “Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.
You can find out your own HPI by visiting http: //www, happyplanetindex.org.
43. The passage is mainly about __________.
A in which country people feel the happiest
B why money can’t buy you happiness
C. what index can influence people’s happiness
D. what Happy Planet Index is
44. According to the passage, __________plays a major part in the index.
A. the richness of natural resources
B. the efficiency of energy consumption
C. the development of economy
D. the life expectancy of the people
45. What can we learn from the passage
A. The happiest countries listed in the index are quite different from those expected.
B. Developing countries are having & hard time reaching the top of the index.
C. Countries that have high HPI rankings have a greater impact on the environment.
D. The less happy countries depend on the developed countries’ resources.
46. The author cites Germany as an example to show that __________.
A. some developed countries are performing badly ecologically
B. it is possible to live a happy life with fewer resources
C. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives
D. history and culture play an important role in people’s lives
D
We usually think of archaeology as involving brave explorers and lots of painstaking digging. But today, long-hidden cities are being revealed from the air, where modern archaeologists use laser beams to spot evidence of ancient life buried beneath thick vegetation.
Lidar, short for “light detection and ranging” (and a cousin of radio-based radar), involves directing a rapid succession of laser pulses at the ground from an airplane or a drone. Software captures the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and combines it with GPS and other data to produce a precise three-dimensional map of the landscape below. These high-tech explorations have revealed long-buried Mayan cities.
In recent years, lidar has exposed a sprawling ancient city in western Mexico called Angamuco, The discovery of this long-lost Mexican large city is especially significant. Built by the Pur pecha, Angamuco was a major civilization in the early 16th century, before Europeans arrived. The city extended over ten square miles before it was covered by a lava flow. That is a huge area with a lot of people. There are about 40, 000 building foundations there, which is about the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan. The Pur pecha’s main buildings were loosely sited in eight zones around the edges rather than being located in one large center.
“To think that this massive city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is amazing,” says Chris Fisher, an archaeologist who led the expedition.
The revelation of Angamuco is a prime example of the power and promise of lidar. Archaeologists discovered signs of the buried city in 2007 and initially attempted to explore it using a traditional “boots on the ground” approach. But the team soon realized that with the rugged terrain, it would take at least a decade to outline the entire massive city.
In 2011, they began using lidar to map nearly 14 square miles, revealing many astonishing features, from pyramids and temples to road systems, garden areas, and even ball courts. This gave them the “map” they needed to know where to explore further. So far, Fisher and his team have verified more than 7,000 architectural features over a 1.5-square-mile area. The earliest artifacts include ceramic fragments and other remains dating as far back as AD 900.
All told, researchers now believe that more than 100, 000 people lived in Angamuco from about AD 1000 to AD 1350. That makes it the biggest city in western Mexico at the time-or at least the biggest city we know about so far.
“Everywhere you point the lidar instrument, you find new stuff,” says Fisher. “Right now, every textbook has to be rewritten, and two years from now, they’re going to have to be rewritten again.”
47. __________may be necessary aids when lidar is used.
A. GPS, software and laser pulses B. A drone, radar and a map
C. An aeroplane, software and GPS D. A drone, an aeroplane and a map
48. The underlined word “sprawling” in Para. 3 means the ancient city was __________.
A. planned in a detailed way B. spreading in an untidy way
C. massive but well-designed D. long-buried but well-preserved
49. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the city of Angamuco
A. Angamuco was the first ancient city discovered with radar.
B. The area of the city was as big as that of the island of Manhattan.
C. Angamuco was probably the biggest city in westen Mexico at that time.
D. The rugged terrain in Angamuco prevented the explorers from using radar.
50. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Lidar has been widely accepted by the archaeologists in western Mexico.
B. The current knowledge about the city of Angamuco might be out of date.
C. But for lidar it would be impossible to know what the city of Angamuco looked like.
D. The archaeologists spent almost ten years exploring Angamuco using traditional tools.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
51. 很多外国友人游西安是因为西安是中国伟大古都之一。(visit)(汉译英)
52. 学生们正要冲去食堂，老师突然来宣布一个好消息。(about) (汉译英)
53. 我们要积极主动帮助他人，这也能让我们感到更加快乐。(which) (汉译英)
54. 毫无疑问，那些经历过艰难困苦的人更明白生命的重要意义。(doubt) (汉译英)上海市建平中学2022学年第一学期期中考试
高一英语试题
(考试时间为90分钟，总分100分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. $ 10. B. S 15. C. $20. D. $30.
2. A. Stop the music. B. Work on the composition.
C. Help the woman. D. Focus on music.
3. A. Sensitive. B. Sociable. C. Respectable. D. Thoughtful.
4. A. The man will have black coffee. B. The man has quitted coffee.
C. The man is on a diet. D. The man only drinks milk.
5 A. He met with an accident. B. He had to do extra work.
C. He forgot to pick up his friend. D. He was held up in traffic.
6. A. Have a rest. B. Learn new skills.
C. Find a new job. D. Do extra work.
7. A. Brightening a room. B. Buying new furniture.
C. Redecorating a room. D. Painting a living room.
8. A. He considers it stressful. B. He lacks required abilities.
C. He is not confident enough. D. He has no time for it.
9. A. He doesn’t have enough money. B. He wants to give the woman a surprise.
C. He doesn’t know what to buy. D. He has forgotten the woman’s birthday.
10. A. Narrow down his theme. B. Revise his paper carefully.
C. Focus on the paper. D. Cover more topics.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. It doesn’t include a remote. B. It can be controlled by gesture.
C. It can automatically power off. D. It can be operated by voice.
12. A. Much to be improved. B. Not as good as expected.
C. Good enough at its price point. D. Best of all the TVs.
13. A. A fantastic video clip. B. An introduction of a review channel.
C. A comment on a TV. D. The usage of a remote.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It flies 14, 000 kilometres one way. B. Its worms live on oranges.
C. Its migration path varies each time. D. It makes an annual migration.
15. A. It is in danger of extinction. B. It is losing sense of direction.
C. Humans are killing it on purpose. D. Global warming stops its migration.
16. A. By recording its number. B. By changing its diet.
C. By providing enough food. D. By breeding artificially.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. She joined a free fitness programme. B. She never persevered in going to the gym.
C The trainer offered to help her for free. D. Her friend recommended her to do so.
18. A. She is overweight. B. She often overworks.
C. She is not fit enough. D. She has a bad lifestyle.
19. A. By setting a role model himself. B. By giving her personalized advice.
C. By working with her in a funny way. D. By running and jumping with her.
20. A. Manageable. B. Unrealistic. C. Dull. D. Demotivating.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the two passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Classic gardens of Suzhou
Fine works of art and architecture form an important part of our cultural heritage. Fortunately, some of these cultural sites_____1_____ (preserve) well since they were unearthed.
Chinese garden design, _____2_____seeks to recreate miniature natural landscapes, couldn’t be any better illustrated than in the nine gardens in the historic city of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Suzhou’s classical gardens, _____3_____buildings and landscape are coupled together, create a harmonious union between man and nature.
The classical gardens of Suzhou are the unification of houses and gardens, and they were meant to be appreciated and lived in as well. A thickly populated city _____4_____Suzhou often lacks rich natural scenery, and that is why such typical architecture should be found in the city. _____5_____ (improve) their living conditions, certain individuals in Suzhou would attempt to create harmony in their living environment by constructing their homes together with nature.
Founded in the Song Dynasty, Canglang Pavilion has _____6_____ (long) history among all of the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. Naturally well designed, it _____7_____ (call) one of the four best gardens in Suzhou. _____8_____ other three are Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lingering Garden. The masterfully designed Canglang Pavilion looks simple but elegant. Without fancy decorations, it combines buildings with scenery so perfectly and profoundly _____9_____the whole garden appears to have been formed naturally.
Suzhou’s classical gardens hold high value for the study of Chinese landscape gardening, architecture, culture, aesthetics (美学) and philosophy. All nine of Suzhou’s most famous classical gardens ______10______ (add) to the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1997.
【答案】1. have been preserved
2. which 3. where
4. like 5. To improve
6. the longest
7. is called
8. The 9. that
10. were added
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了苏州的古典园林。
【1题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：幸运的是，这些文化遗址中的一些自发现以来就得到了保存。空处为主句谓语动词，preserve和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语since they were unearthed可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为复数，主谓一致，故填have been preserved。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国的园林设计试图再现微型自然景观，这一点在江苏省历史名城苏州的九座园林中表现得再好不过了。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese garden design，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：苏州的古典园林，建筑和景观结合在一起，创造了人与自然的和谐结合。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Suzhou’s classical gardens，关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：像苏州这样人口稠密的城市往往缺乏丰富的自然风光，这就是为什么在这个城市中会找到这样典型的建筑。根据句意可知，此处应用介词like和Suzhou构成介词短语，作后置定语。故填like。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善他们的生活条件，苏州的某些人会试图通过与自然一起建造家园来创造生活环境的和谐。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。句首字母大写，故填To improve。
【6题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：沧浪亭始建于宋代，是苏州现存所有古典园林中历史最悠久的。根据句意和后文among all of the existing classical gardens of Suzhou可知，此处应用形容词的最高级作定语，修饰名词，表示“历史最悠久的”。故填the longest。
【7题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：自然设计精良，它（沧浪亭）被称为苏州四大园林之一。谓语动词call和主语it之间是被动关系，此处描述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is called。
【8题详解】
考查冠词。句意：另外三个是狮子林花园、拙政园和留园。根据前文句意可知，此处特指“另外的三个园林”，应用定冠词限定。故填The。
【9题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：没有花哨的装饰，它将建筑与风景完美而深刻地结合在一起，整个花园看起来是自然形成的。根据句意和前文so可知，此处应用that引导结果状语从句，so…that…“如此……以至于……”是固定句型。故填that。
【10题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：1997年，苏州最著名的九座古典园林全部被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录。谓语动词add和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in 1997可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数，主谓一致，故填were added。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once, Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．backed B commonly C. cover D. customs E. special F. major G. mark H. misfortunes I. performed J. puzzled K. thoroughly
Telling the bees
“London Bridge is down” is how Sir Edward Young, Queen’s private secretary, conveyed the official news about the death of Queen Elizabeth II on Thursday. As the news spread through the world, a headline ____11____ many on social media: “royal beekeeper has informed the Queen’s bees that the Queen has died.”
Did bees need to be told about human affairs Would they have any sort of opinion on the matter
But some beekeepers, ____12____ by historians, say “telling the bees” is a standard practice that goes back centuries, with potentially serious consequences if not followed.
“It’s a very old and ____13____ tradition, but not something that’s very well-known,” said Mark Norman, a folklorist and the author of Telling the Bees and Other ____14____: The Folklore of Rural Crafts.
The tradition holds that bees, as members of the family, should be informed of ____15____ life events in the family, especially births and deaths. Beekeepers would knock on each hive, deliver the news and possibly ____16____ the hive with a black cloth during a mourning period. The practice is more ____17____ known in Britain but is also found in the United States and other parts of Europe, Mr. Norman said.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, it was believed that neglecting to tell the bees could lead to various ____18____, including their death or departure, or a failure to make honey. Nowadays, beekeepers may be less likely to believe they risk bad luck, but they may continue to follow the tradition as “a ____19____ of respect,” Mr. Norman said.
Stephen Fleming, a beekeeper for 25 years and the co-editor of BeeCraft, a magazine for British beekeepers, said he once _____20_____ the tradition after a friend died. He went to the friend’s bees, gently knocked on the hives and told them the news, he said.
“It was just something I thought my friend would have enjoyed,” he added.
Mr. Fleming said most beekeepers would most likely be aware of the tradition, but not as many would practice it.
“It’s generally thought to be a good and nice thing to do,” he said.
【答案】11. J 12. A
13. E 14. D
15. F 16. C
17. B 18. H
19. G 20. I
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在西方国家，主要是英国，有重大的事情要告诉蜜蜂的传统习俗。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：随着这一消息在全世界传播，社交媒体上的一个标题让许多人感到困惑：“皇家养蜂人通知女王的蜜蜂，女王已经去世了。”动词过去式puzzled“使迷惑，使困惑”符合句意，在句子的主句中作谓语。故选J项。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但一些养蜂人在历史学家的支持下表示，“告诉蜜蜂”是一种可以追溯到几百年前的标准做法，如果不遵循，可能会产生严重后果。动词过去分词backed“（被）支持”符合句意，在句中作后置定语，修饰名词beekeepers。故选A项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“这是一个非常古老和特殊的传统，但不是很有名，”民俗学家、《告诉蜜蜂和其他习俗：乡村手工艺的民俗》一书的作者马克·诺曼说。形容词special“特殊的”符合句意，在句中和前文old并列作定语，修饰名词tradition。故选E项。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：“这是一个非常古老和特殊的传统，但不是很有名的东西，”民俗学家、《告诉蜜蜂和其他习俗：乡村手工艺的民俗》一书的作者马克·诺曼说。名词复数customs“习俗”符合句意，在句中构成名词短语和前文动名词短语并列，作为书名用作介词of的宾语。故选D项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：传统认为，蜜蜂作为家庭成员，应该被告知家庭中的重大生活事件，尤其是出生和死亡。形容词major“主要的，重要的”符合句意，在句中作定语，修饰名词短语life events。故选F项。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：在哀悼期间，养蜂人会敲打每个蜂箱，传递消息，并可能用黑布盖住蜂箱。动词原形cover“遮盖，覆盖”符合句意，在句中和knock、deliver并列和情态动词would一起构成复合谓语。故选C项。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：Norman先生说，这种做法在英国更为普遍，但在美国和欧洲其他地区也有。副词commonly“普遍地”符合句意，在句中作状语，修饰动词过去分词known。故选B项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：在18世纪和19世纪，人们认为忽视告诉蜜蜂会导致各种不幸，包括它们的死亡或离开，或酿造蜂蜜失败。名词复数misfortunes“不幸，厄运”符合句意，在句中作lead to的宾语。故选H项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：诺曼先生说，如今，养蜂人可能不太可能相信自己会冒厄运，但他们可能会继续把这一传统作为“尊重的标志”。名词mark“标志”符合句意，构成名词短语，作介词as的宾语。故选G项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：Stephen Fleming是一位养蜂25年的养蜂人，也是英国养蜂人杂志《蜜蜂争霸》的联合编辑，他说，他曾在一位朋友去世后执行过这一传统。动词过去式performed“执行，履行”符合句意，在句中作谓语。故选I项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The old 1986 truck was a gift from his grandfather. It worked, but it was large and inconvenient. So it was not an ideal vehicle for Ian Cheney’s ____21____ inner-city neighborhood in New York. Many New Yorkers would look at the truck and think of a rubbish dump. Ian Cheney looked at his grandfather’s truck and thought of a (n) ____22____.
As in other large cities, there are not many places to grow food in New York. Yet Cheney wanted a vegetable garden. Many urban farmers in New York have found ____23____ ways to grow vegetables. There are rooftop gardens high above the city. There are community gardens in old parking lots. There is even a (n) ____24____ garden in the Hudson River. Cheney, however, didn’t ____25____ any of these. So the old truck was a (n) ____26____ solution. The back of the truck provided him with the ____27____ he needed. “Since I don’t have a rooftop to grow any food,” Cheney explains. “It seemed like the logical thing to do.”
So Cheney ____28____ to work. First, he drilled holes in the truck bed for drainage—allowing water to pass through the bed. Then he laid down a recycled plastic mat. The soil came next. He made sure that everything was organic. Cheney ____29____ organic because he wanted to grow vegetables without chemicals. Then he planted lettuce, herbs, spinach, and tomatoes. Finally, he watered and waited.
When the food was ready to pick, Cheney drove the truck from one urban neighborhood to another. He ____30____some of the vegetables. He sold the rest to friends and neighbors. Everywhere he parked, passersby stopped and talked about the beautiful vegetable garden in the back of the truck.
Cheney is ____31____ about food. He strongly believes that people are better off eating more local food, because it reduces economic and environmental ____32____. There is also the question of nutrition. Less nutritional benefits of vegetables ____33____ over time. So eating food within a few days of harvesting is healthier for you.
Cheney knows that his truck cannot solve the problem of the lack of fresh food in all neighborhoods. Yet, like rooftop gardens, it could be part of the solution. Cheney continues to plant his truck and drive it around New York neighborhoods. He hopes that fresh and healthy food can be ____34____ in more places, including inner-city areas. As Cheney says, “If we can grow food in the back of a 1986 Dodge pickup, we can ____35____ find better ways to grow more fresh produce.”
21. A. crowded B. plain C. deserted D. breathtaking
22. A. house B. square C. farm D. bank
23. A. creative B. uniform C. regular D. ugly
24. A. floating B. emerging C. rising D. remaining
25. A. have attachment to B. make commitments to C. have access to D. make contributions to
26. A. difficult B. practical C. limited D. common
27. A. tool B. space C. information D. material
28. A. set up B. set off C. set aside D. set out
29. A. recognized B. measured C. commercialized D. preferred
30. A. gave away B. gave up C. gave back D. gave in
31. A. curious B. anxious C. optimistic D. passionate
32. A. consumption B. costs C. advantages D. significance
33. A. change B. decrease C. remain D. adapt
34. A. acceptable B. reasonable C. popular D. available
35. A. logically B. vaguely C. definitely D. randomly
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了伊恩·切尼在卡车上种植有机蔬菜，他坚信，人们最好多吃当地食物，因为这减少了经济和环境上的消耗。还有营养问题。随着时间的推移，蔬菜的营养价值越来越少。所以在收获的几天内吃食物对你来说更健康。他希望新鲜健康的食物可以在更多的地方供应，包括市中心地区。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，对于伊恩·切尼在纽约拥挤的市中心社区来说，这不是一辆理想的交通工具。A. crowded拥挤的；B. plain朴素的；C. deserted空旷的；D. breathtaking令人惊叹的。根据后文“inner-city neighborhood in New York”可知，纽约市中心社区应该是拥挤的。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：伊恩切尼看着他祖父的卡车，想到了一个农场。A. house房子；B. square广场；C. farm农场；D. bank银行。根据后文“Yet Cheney wanted a vegetable garden.”可知，切尼看到卡车想到了农场，拿来种菜。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：纽约的许多城市农民已经找到了种植蔬菜的创造性方法。A. creative创造性的；B. uniform始终如一的；C. regular定期的；D. ugly丑陋的。根据后文“There are rooftop gardens high above the city. There are community gardens in old parking lots.(在城市上空有屋顶花园。旧停车场里有社区花园)”可知，纽约的许多城市农民已经找到了种植蔬菜的创造性方法。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在哈德逊河上甚至还有一个漂浮的花园。A. floating漂浮的，不固定的；B. emerging新兴的；C. rising上升的；D. remaining剩下的。根据后文“garden in the Hudson River”可知花园在河上，所以是漂浮的。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，切尼并没有使用到这些东西。A. have attachment to依恋于；B. make commitments to承诺；C. have access to使用；D. make contributions to做贡献。根据后文“any of these”指的是上文提到的那些种菜的方式，即切尼并没有使用到这些东西。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以旧卡车是一个实际的解决方案。A. difficult困难的；B. practical实际的；C. limited有限的；D. common普通的。根据后文““Since I don’t have a rooftop to grow any food,” Cheney explains. “It seemed like the logical thing to do.”(切尼解释说：“因为我没有屋顶可以种植任何食物。这似乎是合乎逻辑的做法。”)”可知，切尼条件有限，所以旧卡车是一个实际的解决方案。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡车的后部为他提供了所需的空间。A. tool工具；B. space空间；C. information信息；D. material材料。根据后文“Since I don’t have a rooftop to grow any food”可知，这里指提供了种菜所需的空间。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以切尼开始着手工作。A. set up建立；B. set off出发；C. set aside留出；D. set out开始着手。根据后文“First, he drilled holes in the truck bed for drainage—allowing water to pass through the bed.(首先，他在卡车床上钻了几个排水孔——让水从车床上流过)”可知，他开始着手工作了，set out to表示“着手做某事”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：切尼更喜欢有机蔬菜，因为他希望种植蔬菜时不使用化学物质。A. recognized识别；B. measured测量；C. commercialized商业化；D. preferred更喜欢。根据后文“because he wanted to grow vegetables without chemicals(因为他想种植蔬菜不使用化学药品)”可知，切尼更喜欢有机蔬菜，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他把一些蔬菜送人了。A. gave away分发，赠送；B. gave up放弃；C. gave back归还；D. gave in屈服。根据后文“He sold the rest to friends and neighbors(他把剩下的卖给了朋友和邻居)”可知，蔬菜一部分送人，一部分出售了。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：切尼对食物充满热情。A. curious好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. passionate热情的。根据后文“He strongly believes that people are better off eating more local food(他坚信，人们最好多吃当地食物)”可知，切尼对食物充满热情。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他坚信，人们最好多吃当地食物，因为这减少了经济和环境上的花费。A. consumption消耗；B. costs花费；C. advantages优势；D. significance意义重大。根据上文“He strongly believes that people are better off eating more local food, because it reduces economic and environmental”可知，他坚信，人们最好多吃当地食物，因为这减少了经济和环境上的花费。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，蔬菜的营养价值越来越少。A. change改变；B. decrease减少；C. remain保持；D. adapt改编。根据后文“So eating food within a few days of harvesting is healthier for you.(所以在收获的几天内吃食物对你来说更健康)”可知，随着时间的推移，蔬菜的营养价值越来越少。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他希望新鲜健康的食物可以在更多的地方供应，包括市中心地区。A. acceptable可接受的；B. reasonable合理的；C. popular流行的；D. available可获得的。根据后文“in more places, including inner-city areas”指新鲜健康的食物可以在更多地方获得，available符合语境。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们能在一辆1986年的道奇皮卡的后座上种植食物，我们肯定能找到更好的方法来种植更多的新鲜农产品。A. logically逻辑上；B. vaguely模糊地；C. definitely绝对；D. randomly随机地。结合上文“If we can grow food in the back of a 1986 Dodge pickup”可知，如果我们能在一辆1986年的道奇皮卡的后座上种植食物，我们肯定能找到更好的方法来种植更多的新鲜农产品。表明了对种菜的信心。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
To celebrate his friend’s birthday, Luke Fortune drove from a small town in Central Oregon to Portland, where he parked his car in a paid garage overnight. The next morning, he discovered that the car’s window had been smashed, along with his dreams for the future: His backpack and computer were gone.
“Everything important to me was on that computer,” said Fortune, 21, who is studying to become a paramedic.
Two days after the theft, another young man was standing outside his apartment, also in Portland. Masoud Almazrouei, 29, was an exchange student from the United Arab Emirates. He had been approached by a man who said he had a computer for sale. Only $200. Almazrouei, who had been in the United States for only a year, admits now that he was na ve. But he needed a computer so he bought it, took it home, and turned it on. Within seconds, he saw files and photographs.
“I wondered who would sell a computer with all of this on it,” he said. “I realized it could be stolen.” Almazrouei found what appeared to be the owner’s cell phone number and called it.
Fortune didn’t trust this guy with a thick accent and thought it was a scam.
Soon after, a police officer called Fortune to say that a man had dropped the computer off and had said he was sorry. He passed along the man’s number.
Fortune called and thanked Almazrouei and insisted on paying him a reward of $200, the money he was out. Almazrouei refused. He said it was his mistake to buy the computer from someone he didn’t know. More important, he said, it was his honor and duty as a Muslim to return the property to the rightful owner. “I saw a photo of this man in his paramedic uniform,” Almazrouei said. “They help people. He is a good man. I don’t want my money back.”
Still, the encounter produced its own kind of rewards. For Fortune, it was a lesson in cultural awareness amid the sometimes bitter national debate about immigrants, especially from the Arab world. “I’m from a small mainly white town,” Fortune said. “I’ve never met a Muslim. He’s a good man.”
Almazrouei’s lesson was perhaps more complex. When a story about the two young men’s encounter made it to the local papers, Almazrouei received a call from Wim Wiewel, the president of Portland State University, where Almazrouei is studying economics.
“We thought since you gave back the laptop, we should give you a laptop so that you’ll have one,” Wiewel told him. “We’re very proud of you. It was a great story, but you did the right thing.”
36. What is the correct order of the events that happened
①The computer was stolen in a paid garage.
②Almazmouei found a lot of files and photographs in the computer.
③Unsuspecting, Almazrouei bought the computer at $200.
④Almazrouei called Fortune but it didn’t work.
A. ①②③④ B. ①③②④ C. ③④②① D. ②①③④
37. The underlined word “scam” in Para. 5 is closest in meaning to “_________”.
A. trick B. game C. gamble D. accident
38. What does the author mean by saying “Still, the encounter produced its own kind of rewards” in Para. 8
A. Kindness will eventually pay off one day.
B. Almazrouei got admitted into a renowned university.
C. Fortune could seek his dream with his computer back.
D. Both of the young men learned something in their own way.
39. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Theft is common in Portland.
B. Almazrouei was short of money.
C Fortune could not realize his dreams without his computer.
D. Fortune used to discriminate against Muslims.
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫Luke Fortune的年轻人的电脑失而复得的故事。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The next morning, he discovered that the car’s window had been smashed, along with his dreams for the future: His backpack and computer were gone. (第二天早上，他发现车窗被打碎了，他对未来的梦想也被打碎了：他的背包和电脑都不见了)”、第三段中“But he needed a computer so he bought it, took it home, and turned it on. (但是他需要一台电脑，所以他买了它，带回家，并打开了它。)”和“Within seconds, he saw files and photographs. (几秒钟之内，他就看到了文件和照片)”以及第四段中“Almazrouei found what appeared to be the owner’s cell phone number and called it. (Almazrouei找到了似乎是主人的手机号码，并拨打了它)”可知，首先，电脑被盗，然后被Almazrouei买到，然后发现文件和照片，最后打电话给失主。故选B项。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词句前文“Almazrouei found what appeared to be the owner’s cell phone number and called it. (Almazrouei找到了似乎是主人的手机号码，并拨打了它)”及后文“Soon after, a police officer called Fortune to say that a man had dropped the computer off and had said he was sorry. (没过多久，一名警察打电话给Fortune，说有个男人放他那里一台电脑，并说他很抱歉)”可知，Almazrouei先打电话给Fortune，但没交还电脑，而后，他把电脑交给了警察，说明Fortune起初认为这是个骗局。结合划线词句“Fortune didn’t trust this guy with a thick accent and thought it was a scam. (Fortune不相信这个口音很重的家伙，认为这是个scam)”可知，划线词汇应为“骗局”的意思。故选A项。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句子后文“For Fortune, it was a lesson in cultural awareness amid the sometimes bitter national debate about immigrants, especially from the Arab world. (对于Fortune来说，在关于移民，特别是来自阿拉伯世界的移民，有时是激烈的民族主义的辩论中，这是一个文化意识的教训)”和倒数第二段中“Almazrouei’s lesson was perhaps more complex. (Almazrouei得到的经验教训可能更加复杂)”可知，划线句子意思是“两个年轻人都以自己的方式得到了一些经验教训。”故选D项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“For Fortune, it was a lesson in cultural awareness amid the sometimes bitter national debate about immigrants, especially from the Arab world. (对于Fortune来说，在关于移民，特别是来自阿拉伯世界的移民，有时是激烈的民族主义的辩论中，这是一个文化意识的教训)”以及Fortune所说的“I’m from a small mainly white town. (我来自一个以白人为主的小镇)”及“I’ve never met a Muslim. He’s a good man. (我从没见过穆斯林。他是个好人)”可以推知，Fortune过去歧视穆斯林。故选D项。
B
Many factors can interfere with a good night’s sleep — from work stress and family responsibilities to illnesses. You might not be able to control the factors that interfere with your sleep. However, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple tips.
1. Stick to a sleep schedule Set aside no more than eight hours for sleep. The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. Most people don’t need more than eight hours in bed to be well rested. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, including weekends. Being consistent reinforces your body’s sleep-wake cycle. If you don’t fall asleep within about 20 minutes of going to bed, leave your bedroom and do something relaxing. Read or listen to soothing music. Go back to bed when you’re tired. Repeat as needed, but continue to maintain your sleep schedule and wake-up time. 2. Pay attention to what you eat and drink Don’t go to bed hungry or stuffed. In particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. Discomfort might keep you up. Caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of caffeine take hours to wear off and can interfere with sleep. And even though alcohol might make you feel sleepy at first, it can disrupt sleep later in the night. 3. Create a restful environment Keep your room cool, dark and quiet. Exposure to light in the evenings might make it more challenging to fall asleep. Avoid prolonged use of light-emitting screens just before bedtime. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs. Doing calming activities before bedtime, such as taking a bath or using relaxation techniques, might promote better sleep. 4. Limit daytime naps Long daytime naps can interfere with nighttime sleep. Limit naps to no more than one hour and avoid napping late in the day. However, if you work nights, you might need to nap late in the day before work to help make up your sleep debt. 5. Include physical activity in your daily routine Regular physical activity can promote better sleep. However, avoid being active too close to bedtime. Spending time outside every day might be helpful, too. 6. Manage worries Try to resolve your worries or concerns before bedtime. Jot down what’s on your mind and then set it aside for tomorrow. Stress management might help. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and delegating tasks.
40. What can be learned from the passage
A. It’s not hard to control the factors interfering with our sleep.
B. The longer we sleep, the better we feel.
C. It’s better to remain in bed when you fail to fall asleep.
D. Stress can contribute to bad sleep.
41. According to the article, which of the following encourages better sleep
A. Do physical exercise before going to bed. B. Drink alcohol to get sleepy.
C. Avoid long naps during the day. D. Do some indoor activities.
42. This article is most likely to come from ____________.
A. a travel magazine B. an advertisement
C. a health magazine D. an informal letter
【答案】40. D 41. C 42. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有助于睡眠的建议。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many factors can interfere with a good night’s sleep — from work stress and family responsibilities to illnesses.(从工作压力、家庭责任到疾病，很多因素都会影响一个好的睡眠)”可知，压力会导致睡眠不好，故选D。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Long daytime naps can interfere with nighttime sleep.(白天小睡时间过长会影响夜间睡眠)”可知，白天避免长时间小睡可以促进更好的睡眠。故选C。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Many factors can interfere with a good night’s sleep — from work stress and family responsibilities to illnesses. You might not be able to control the factors that interfere with your sleep. However, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple tips.(从工作压力、家庭责任到疾病，很多因素都会影响一个好的睡眠。你可能无法控制干扰你睡眠的因素。然而，你可以养成促进更好睡眠的习惯。从这些简单的建议开始吧)”可推知，文章可能选自健康杂志。故选C。
C
About 50 years ago, the famous British band The Beatles sang that “money can’t buy me love”. Today, British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness cither. This is showed by the Happy Planet Index (HPI 快乐指数) published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in London.
The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives, and at what cost to their environment.
It would seem to be common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives, while those in developing countries are having a harder time. But the results are surprising, even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example, ranks number 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny island in the Pacific, Vanuatu, comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks number 31.
Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their lives How long does an average person live How greatly does a country need to use its natural resources to maintain its living standards This is what the index calls the “ecological footprint”.
The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.
The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environment impact. The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.
“However, Germany’s ecological footprint is only about half that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives,” says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s Center for well-being.
So the Happy Planet Index (HPI) tells us a brand-new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their “Ecological Footprint” and “Life Satisfaction Level” or “Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.
You can find out your own HPI by visiting http: //www, happyplanetindex.org.
43. The passage is mainly about __________.
A. in which country people feel the happiest
B. why money can’t buy you happiness
C. what index can influence people’s happiness
D. what Happy Planet Index is
44. According to the passage, __________plays a major part in the index.
A. the richness of natural resources
B. the efficiency of energy consumption
C. the development of economy
D. the life expectancy of the people
45. What can we learn from the passage
A. The happiest countries listed in the index are quite different from those expected.
B. Developing countries are having & hard time reaching the top of the index.
C. Countries that have high HPI rankings have a greater impact on the environment.
D. The less happy countries depend on the developed countries’ resources.
46. The author cites Germany as an example to show that __________.
A. some developed countries are performing badly ecologically
B. it is possible to live a happy life with fewer resources
C. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives
D. history and culture play an important role in people’s lives
【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了最近发布的全球幸福指数说明的问题。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“This is showed by the Happy Planet Index (HPI 快乐指数) published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in London.(伦敦新经济基金会（NEF）最近发布的全球幸福指数（HPI）说明了这一点。)”等内容可知，本文主要是围绕着最近发布的全球幸福指数所说明的问题展开论述的。故选D项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth. (显然，人类的HPI与他们对地球资源的消耗有关。)”可知，根据这篇文章，能源消耗效率在幸福指数中起着重要作用。故选B项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“It would seem to be common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives, while those in developing countries are having a harder time. But the results are surprising, even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. (富裕国家的人生活得更幸福，而发展中国家的人生活得更艰难，这似乎是常识。但结果令人惊讶，甚至震惊。数字表明，一些所谓的发达国家表现得非常糟糕。)”可知，指数中列出的最幸福国家与预期相差很大。故选A项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中“The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives. (该指数指出，美国人和德国人享受着相似的生活。)”和第七段中“However, Germany’s ecological footprint is only about half that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives.( 然而，德国的生态足迹只有美国的一半左右。这意味着德国在创造幸福生活方面的效率大约是美国的两倍。)”可知，作者以德国为例说明用更少的资源也能过上幸福的生活。故选B项。
D
We usually think of archaeology as involving brave explorers and lots of painstaking digging. But today, long-hidden cities are being revealed from the air, where modern archaeologists use laser beams to spot evidence of ancient life buried beneath thick vegetation.
Lidar, short for “light detection and ranging” (and a cousin of radio-based radar), involves directing a rapid succession of laser pulses at the ground from an airplane or a drone. Software captures the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and combines it with GPS and other data to produce a precise three-dimensional map of the landscape below. These high-tech explorations have revealed long-buried Mayan cities.
In recent years, lidar has exposed a sprawling ancient city in western Mexico called Angamuco, The discovery of this long-lost Mexican large city is especially significant. Built by the Pur pecha, Angamuco was a major civilization in the early 16th century, before Europeans arrived. The city extended over ten square miles before it was covered by a lava flow. That is a huge area with a lot of people. There are about 40, 000 building foundations there, which is about the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan. The Pur pecha’s main buildings were loosely sited in eight zones around the edges rather than being located in one large center.
“To think that this massive city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is amazing,” says Chris Fisher, an archaeologist who led the expedition.
The revelation of Angamuco is a prime example of the power and promise of lidar. Archaeologists discovered signs of the buried city in 2007 and initially attempted to explore it using a traditional “boots on the ground” approach. But the team soon realized that with the rugged terrain, it would take at least a decade to outline the entire massive city.
In 2011, they began using lidar to map nearly 14 square miles, revealing many astonishing features, from pyramids and temples to road systems, garden areas, and even ball courts. This gave them the “map” they needed to know where to explore further. So far, Fisher and his team have verified more than 7,000 architectural features over a 1.5-square-mile area. The earliest artifacts include ceramic fragments and other remains dating as far back as AD 900.
All told, researchers now believe that more than 100, 000 people lived in Angamuco from about AD 1000 to AD 1350. That makes it the biggest city in western Mexico at the time-or at least the biggest city we know about so far.
“Everywhere you point the lidar instrument, you find new stuff,” says Fisher. “Right now, every textbook has to be rewritten, and two years from now, they’re going to have to be rewritten again.”
47. __________may be necessary aids when lidar is used.
A. GPS, software and laser pulses B. A drone, radar and a map
C. An aeroplane, software and GPS D. A drone, an aeroplane and a map
48. The underlined word “sprawling” in Para. 3 means the ancient city was __________.
A. planned in a detailed way B. spreading in an untidy way
C. massive but well-designed D. long-buried but well-preserved
49. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the city of Angamuco
A. Angamuco was the first ancient city discovered with radar.
B. The area of the city was as big as that of the island of Manhattan.
C. Angamuco was probably the biggest city in westen Mexico at that time.
D. The rugged terrain in Angamuco prevented the explorers from using radar.
50. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Lidar has been widely accepted by the archaeologists in western Mexico.
B. The current knowledge about the city of Angamuco might be out of date.
C. But for lidar it would be impossible to know what the city of Angamuco looked like.
D. The archaeologists spent almost ten years exploring Angamuco using traditional tools.
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. C 50. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过激光雷达发现了位于墨西哥西部的一座名为安加穆科的庞大古城。这座遗失已久的墨西哥大城市的发现意义非凡。文章介绍了这项技术的工作原理以及这座古城的相关情况。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Lidar, short for “light detection and ranging” (and a cousin of radio-based radar), involves directing a rapid succession of laser pulses at the ground from an airplane or a drone. Software captures the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and combines it with GPS and other data to produce a precise three-dimensional map of the landscape below. These high-tech explorations have revealed long-buried Mayan cities.(激光雷达是“光探测和测距”的缩写（也是无线电雷达的近亲），涉及从飞机或无人机向地面定向快速连续的激光脉冲。软件捕捉从地表反射的脉冲的时间和波长，并将其与GPS和其他数据结合起来，生成下面景观的精确三维地图。这些高科技的探索揭示了埋藏已久的玛雅城市)”可知，一架飞机、软件和GPS可能是使用激光雷达时必要的辅助。故选C。
【48题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Built by the Pur pecha, Angamuco was a major civilization in the early 16th century, before Europeans arrived.(由普尔佩查人建造的安加穆科是16世纪早期欧洲人到来之前的主要文明)”以及第三段中“The Pur pecha’s main buildings were loosely sited in eight zones around the edges rather than being located in one large center.(普尔佩查人的主要建筑松散地分布在周边的八个区域，而不是位于一个大的中心)”可知，激光雷达发现了位于墨西哥西部的一座名为安加穆科的庞大古城，而安加穆科是由普尔佩查人修建的，普尔佩查人修建的建筑松散地分布在周边的八个区域，故这座古城是以不规整的方式扩展的。故sprawl表示这座古城是以不规整的方式扩展的。故选B。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That makes it the biggest city in western Mexico at the time-or at least the biggest city we know about so far.(这使它成为当时墨西哥西部最大的城市，或者至少是我们目前所知道的最大的城市)”可知，C项“安加穆科可能是当时墨西哥西部最大的城市”正确。故选C。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段““To think that this massive city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is amazing,” says Chris Fisher, an archaeologist who led the expedition.(带领探险队的考古学家克里斯·费舍尔说：“想想这个巨大的城市一直存在于墨西哥的中心地带，却没有人知道它的存在，这真是令人惊讶。”)”可推知，如果没有激光雷达，就不可能知道安加穆科城是什么样子。故选C。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
51. 很多外国友人游西安是因为西安是中国伟大古都之一。(visit)(汉译英)
【答案】Many foreign friends visit Xi’an because Xi’an is one of the great ancient capitals of China.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和状语从句。主语为many foreign friends，表示“游”应用动词visit，为一般现在时；because引导原因状语从句，表示“中国伟大古都之一”翻译为be one of the great ancient capitals of China，句子用一般现在时。故翻译为Many foreign friends visit Xi’an because Xi’an is one of the great ancient capitals of China.
52. 学生们正要冲去食堂，老师突然来宣布一个好消息。(about) (汉译英)
【答案】The students were about to rush to the canteen when the teacher suddenly announced good news.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，从句和短语。根据句意可知，用一般过去时，结合提示词about可推断，用固定句型：be about to do sth. when...“即将做某事，这时候……”，主句主语the students，是复数，谓语用复数were about to rush to the canteen“正要冲去食堂”，从句主语the teacher“老师”，suddenly“突然地”，谓语announced“宣布”，good news“好消息”，故译为The students were about to rush to the canteen when the teacher suddenly announced good news.
53. 我们要积极主动帮助他人，这也能让我们感到更加快乐。(which) (汉译英)
【答案】We need to be proactive in helping others, which can also make us feel happier.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。need to do sth.需要做某事；be proactive in doing sth.积极主动地做某事；make sb. do sth.让某人做某事；feel happy感到快乐。句中用which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面的一句话。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为We need to be proactive in helping others, which can also make us feel happier.
54. 毫无疑问，那些经历过艰难困苦的人更明白生命的重要意义。(doubt) (汉译英)
【答案】There is no doubt that those who have experienced hardships understand the significance of life better.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和固定句型。分析可知，本句描述客观真理，主要使用一般现在时。表示“毫无疑问”用固定句型there is no doubt that…，that引导同位语从句；表示从句中主语“那些经历过艰难困苦人”为those who have experienced hardships，who引导的限制性定语从句修饰指人的先行词those，从句中用现在完成时，表示过去的经历对现在的影响，注意主谓一致；表示谓语部分“明白生命的重要意义”为understand the significance of life，主语为复数，主谓一致，谓语动词用原形；表示“更”为well的比较级better。句首字母大写，故翻译为There is no doubt that those who have experienced hardships understand the significance of life better.

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