资源简介

宝山区 2022学年第一学期期末高三年级英语学科
教学质量监测试卷
(本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟)
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a library. B. At a garage. C. At a shop. D. At a hotel.
2. A. Colleagues. B. Teacher and student.
C Classmates. D. Boss and secretary.
3. A. They are boring. B. They are informative.
C. They are helpful. D. They are impractical.
4. A. Wear his suit. B. Prepare for cold weather.
C. Dress informally. D. Find out who’s going to the party.
5. A. He doesn’t feel qualified for it. B. He’d like a higher salary.
C. He’s completely satisfied with it. D. He’d like to work less per week.
6. A. He has bad study habits. B. He sleeps too much.
C. He wakes up too early. D. He’s a top student.
7. A. Join the club himself. B. Attend the next club meeting.
C. Persuade the member not to quit. D. Look for someone to fill the position.
8. A. Her new glasses aren’t comfortable. B. She’s too busy to get an eye check-up.
C. She has to check when the appointment is. D. She decided not to cancel her appointment.
9. A. Annie should try to avoid getting sick.
B. He has known Annie’s neighbor for many years.
C. He doesn’t know many composers of classical music.
D. Annie might spend a lot of money on classical music.
10. A. He has just recovered from the flu. B. He won’t be able to go to the cinema.
C. He has already seen the film before. D. He doesn’t think the film is good.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Students’ need for more sleep. B. Students’ eagerness for breakfast time.
C. Students’ loads of homework. D. Students’ lack of loving care.
12. A. Physical. B. Genetic. C. Mental. D. Emotional.
13. A. Later start time. B. Causes of sleeplessness.
C. Reasons for being tired. D. Public health issue.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Social traditions. B. students’ pictures.
C. Campus newspapers. D. Teaching activities.
15. A. Because students who produce them are unpaid.
B. Because yearbooks are expensive to print.
C. Because yearbooks are similar to campus newspapers.
D. Because students are not interested in them.
16. A. Students knowing the answer when called upon in class are called curls.
B. “Corksand Curls” hasn’t stopped publishing until its 120th anniversary.
C. “Corksand Curls” is a yearbook name of Towson University.
D. “Curls” means someone curling their tail in upset.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Because she indeed likes to travel without other’s company.
B. Because she is tired of always being surrounded by others.
C. Because she is unwilling to be surrounded while traveling.
D. Because she really doesn’t want to compromise in her life.
18. A. Language and danger. B. German and customs.
C. Time and nerves. D. Experience and surroundings.
19. A. 9. B. 10. C. 11. D. 12.
20. A. She would change her original idea and go travel with John.
B. She would go traveling with her friends after the conversation.
C. She would give up the travel at present and do it next year.
D. She would continue her original plan no matter what happens.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Rob and Jane are classmates at a university. It is the beginning of the semester and time to buy books for various classes. Their university not only makes paper textbooks available but also offers digital textbooks to its students. Rob and Jane ____1____ (talk) about which type of book they prefer.
Rob: I think I’m going to study digitally this year.
Jane: What do you mean
Rob: Well, the majority of the textbooks I need for my classes ____2____ (offer) digitally. So I’m going to buy access in that form. That way I can study on my computer, phone or e-reader. The content is the same as a paper textbook.
Jane: Are you sure I’ve heard that not all textbooks are compatible (与……一致的) with all media devices. I had a friend last year who had some problems ____3____ (access) her books on certain devices.
Rob: Really I’ve never heard that. The people to ____4____ I talked said it was super convenient. Besides my budget is very limited right now. The digital format costs less than half the price of the paper textbook.
Jane: True. But at the end of the semester, you can sell back a paper textbook. That way you can recover some of your money.
Rob: I also have to work most days after class ____5____ (study) digitally means I don’t need to carry around a bunch of heavy books. So it would be much more convenient for me.
Jane: Convenience isn’t ____6____. I find it much easier to focus on what I’m reading in a real book. It’s also easier to follow a lecture and turn to the page that’s being discussed.
Rob: Yes, but I can access a page by searching for a word, so I can find it easily.
Jane: I find it easier to recall information I want to remember ____7____ I mark it in an actual book. Rob: But you can do that ____8____ digital material, too.
Jane: Have you ever had a textbook that you wanted to keep for future reference You know some textbooks are only available the semester you buy it. After that, you lose access to it.
Rob: Oh! I’ll have to look into ____9____ digital books I’d have permanent access to, then.
Jane: You know, I also read that when people read digitally their comprehension is weaker. People apparently read faster on a screen. But they don’t remember details as _____10_____ (well) as someone who reads it on paper.
Rob: I guess I’ll find out. Anyway, I’m going to try it.
Jane: Let me know how it works. I’m sticking with paper.
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. disturbing B. resources C. altered D. effective E. recorded F. permanently G. specially H. machines I. signified J. accurately K. impossible
When an endangered seabird hits a power line, it makes a sound “very much like the laser sound from Star Wars,” says conservation biologist Marc Travers. He should know, as his team from the Endangered Seabird Recovery Project ___11___ thousands of hours of audio to determine if power lines affected local seabirds. Travers was trying to help establish how frequently birds are killed by power lines on the island of Kauai in Hawaii in 2011.
His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics, a company that assists conservation efforts with AI ___12___. Conservation Metrics used a program to “listen” to the recordings and count the sounds that ___13___ bird electrocutions(电击). The result was ___14___, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands. Armed with proof that power lines were killing a significant number of birds, the team worked with the local utility (公共事业) service to reduce bird deaths.
In science fiction stories such as The Matrix, AI-powered ___15___ take over the world and end life on the planet as we know it. But in reality, programs that use AI to sort through mountains of data might just save some species from disappearing ___16___.
By many measures, humans have been poor managers of the planet. Humans have ___17___ as much as 97 percent of land ecosystems. Key populations of monitored animals have declined as much as 68 percent since 1970. The decline in biodiversity around the world has created a hopeless situation. Conservation efforts lack key resources they need to be ___18___.
Fortunately, humans now have AI-based tools that can help. AI can quickly and ___19___ sort through large amounts of data created by observations in the field. Then other programs such as PAWS (Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security) can help analyze the data and suggest the most effective ways to focus conservation efforts.
In large national parks and wildlife reserves, illegal hunters are a danger for animals both big and small. Some animals are worth a lot of money on the black market. Park rangers are left with a(n) ____20____ task because there is too much land to cover. But the PAWS program allows rangers to focus their efforts. PAWS has even predicted the existence of trap lines in areas not yet checked by rangers!
We still face many challenges to change the loss of wildlife, but AI-powered programs promise to be a powerful conservation tool.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Online art of all kinds can be accessed by as many people as the hosting server permits. But there is a(n) ___21___ that is allowing people to buy digital art.
Digital art that is sold online is known as an NFT, which ___22___ non-fungible token(非同质化代币). Non-fungible means that the item cannot be ___23___ by a similar item. For example, coins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged. ___24___, trading cards are non-fungible because their worth varies depending on which card you have. An NFT can be ___25___ anything digital -songs, videos, images or even a social media post, one of which sold for almost USS3 million!
Others may be able to see this NFT, or art, but one person is listed as the owner on a blockchain-that is, a public ___26___. Blockchains are well equipped to keep track of the owner of NFT. In fact, they are used to record all kinds of online ___27___.
Some people are describing NFTs as an online version of collecting fine art. And collectors are ___28___ to put their money where their mouth is, paying thousands or even millions of dollars for NFTs.
As with fine art collecting, some people see purchasing NFTs as a(n) ___29___, buying art that they plan to sell at a higher price later. Others want the esteem (成就感) that comes with owning an NFT made by a famous ___30___. But given that a copy of an NFT is identical to the ___31___, the wisdom of paying massive amounts of money for one may seem ___32___.
On the other hand, the popularity of NFTs is ___33___ good news for the artists who create them. Upon selling their works as NFTs, artists receive much more than the small amounts of money they get when someone streams their video, for example. Some NFTs are even set up so that every time a work changes hands, the creator receives a percentage of the price. Thus, the artist can be paid for a single NFT many times over.
___34___, every NFT is unique, though some creators produce multiple very similar NFTs sort of like how multiple copies of any given trading card exist). ___35___ will tell whether NFT art will pay off for collectors in the long run, but for now it’s providing some people-including the artists with large sums of money.
21. A. regulation B. art C. skill D. trend
22. A. focuses on B. stands for C. points to D. consists in
23. A. replaced B. produced C. released D. covered
24. A. In a word B. In other words C. In contrast D. In conclusion
25. A. practically B. extremely C. eventually D. constantly
26. A. image B. database C. relationship D. benefit
27. A. activities B. performances C. communications D. deals
28. A. afraid B. eager C. willing D. doubtful
29. A. amusement B. investment C. donation D. hobby
30. A. creator B. craftsman C. official D. scientist
31. A. critical B. moderate C. final D. original
32. A. foolish B. intelligent C. questionable D. mysterious
33. A. generally B. definitely C. consequently D. specifically
34. A. Theoretically B. Objectively C. Honestly D. Strictly
35. A. Standard B. Money C. Time D. Technology
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Jailbreaking commonly refers to unlocking iOS for iPhones and iPads. Seventeen-year-old George Hotz, or geohot as he liked to be called, was the first person to jailbreak an iPhone. He accomplished his feat in 2007, and many others followed his lead.
Jailbreaking an iPhone offers some distinct benefits. With a jailbroken iPhone, you have numerous ways to change any setting to suit your needs. You can also alter the look and feel of the phone so that it matches your personality. Another advantage of jailbreaking for iPhone users is the ability to install apps not offered in Apple’s App Store. Cydia, an alternative app store for jailbroken iOS devices, offers a variety of apps, some of which cost more than others.
Before jailbreaking your iPhone, you should consider the consequences. Jailbreaking immediately voids (使无效) your iPhone’s warranty, which means that Apple is no longer required to fix your phone if something goes wrong. Jailbreaking also exposes you to the dangers associated with alternative apps. Poor quality apps from alternative app stores may cause your iPhone to crash more often or stop working altogether. After jailbreaking your iPhone, you must also be careful not to allow Apple to install new software on your phone.
Apple naturally discourages its customers from jailbreaking their iPhones. According to the company, jailbreaking doesn’t just affect the security and stability of an iPhone. It can also shorten the phone’s battery life. For many people, this is an important consideration.
36. Which aspects of jailbreaking does the article discuss
A. The ways in which jailbreaking can save people time
B. The positives and negatives associated with jailbreaking
C. The clients who got into legal trouble for jailbreaking
D. The best and worst techniques for jailbreaking phones
37. What does the article imply about the first person to jailbreak an iPhone
A. He apologized for his actions. B. He produced hardware designs.
C. He gave himself a nickname. D. He was turned down for a job.
38. From this article, what can readers learn about the products offered by Cydia
A. Their prices vary somewhat. B. Their inventors are quite young.
C. They’re still manufactured abroad. D. They take only a few moments to install.
39. According to Apple, what might happen after a person jailbreaks his or her iPhone
A. It might need a new camera stand. B. It might become harder to sell.
C. It might be easily damaged by water. D. It might use up its battery faster.
(B)
To: ackard@ From: sandyp@ Subject: Confidential: Managerial Advice Date: Feb. 16, 2022
Hi Dan, I’m writing to ask if you could give me advice. Please note that this must all be kept secret. I am emailing you because I know that you are a trusted friend, and you have had experience in this area. I’ve been obliged to reduce my department’s budget within the month, too. I’m not looking forward to this and am not sure where to begin since I hope that I won’t have to create any layoffs. Long story short, I would really appreciate meeting with you at some point to see if you can offer up any advice or suggestions. Thanks in advance. Regards, Sandy
To: sandyp@ From: ackard@ Subject: Re: Confidential: Managerial Advice Date: Feb. 17, 2022
Hi Sandy, I’m glad that you thought of me as someone to go to. I definitely don’t mind being your sounding board, and I can meet with you anytime starting next Monday. I realize that you may want to start thinking of some ideas sooner than later. My biggest piece of advice to you is to make sure you feel your way among your staff to get an impression of how people are currently coping with our company’s economic situation. Talk to them and find out what’s important to them. Of course, do it casually so that no one’s guard is up. Email or call me to let me know when you want to meet. Dan
40. What is Sandy responsible for
A. Firing bad employees
B. Cutting costs and expenses
C. Figuring out the new computer program
D. Combining the two divisions of the company
41. What suggestion does Dan give Sandy
A. Start questioning all workers under her.
B. Act carefully and find out employees’ thoughts.
C. Give out a questionnaire (问卷) for everyone to fill out.
D. Require extra overtime from staff members.
42. The phrase “sounding board” in the body of the second email, is closest in meaning to:
A. listener B. examiner C. designer D. informer
(C)
When disaster strikes a community, it is often critical that assistance be provided right away. The best first responders are the people who call that area home. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might affect their communities. Teams of volunteers are trained in basic skills such as fire safety and prevention, search and rescue, and first aid. After training, these volunteers can begin to provide immediate assistance in the consequence of disasters before professional rescuers arrive.
A CERT team can make a huge difference to a community. During the early stages of a disastrous event, citizens will likely face extreme challenges on their own. Emergency services are usually overwhelmed, and communities may be isolated because of blocked roads. A CERT team can size up the situation in their neighborhood and provide help right away. In 1986, untrained volunteers saved more than 800 lives in the Mexico City earthquake. Unfortunately, at least 100 volunteers also died in the process. To ensure their community was better prepared in events like this, Los Angeles piloted the first CERT program in 1986, and many cities followed their lead.
People of all ages can participate in a CERT program-there is even a teen program for adolescents. Local CERT trainers hold an annual training class and provide subsequent classes throughout the year to consolidate skills.
CERT programs are useful on many different levels. Volunteers are trained to act as eyes and ears, locating trapped victims for uniformed emergency responders who arrive later. They learn to put out small fires, shut off equipment, rescue survivors and provide basic medical treatment. Volunteers also create disaster plans to evacuate families as well as collect and store disaster supplies such as water, food and first-aid kits. Working with professionals, a CERT team can help reduce injuries, loss of life and property damage.
There are now CERT programs throughout the United States, and more than 600,000 people have trained as volunteers. Brazil, New Zealand and Turkey have similar programs. Citizens participate because they believe that everyone in a community has a role in disaster preparedness. By working competently as a team, CERT volunteers protect not only themselves but also the people around them when disasters occur.
43. According to the passage, when do CERT members usually provide assistance
A. Before those professional rescuers arrive. B. When uniformed emergency responders arrive.
C. During the early stages of a disastrous event. D. Throughout the process of rescue in a disaster.
44. The word “pilot” in the second paragraph most probably means ________.
A. conduct B. imitate C. pass D. discuss
45. According to the passage, residents in the community in some countries are willing to be CERT volunteers because ________.
A. they think each in the community is important in preventing and fighting against disaster
B they believe everyone in the community has the responsibility in a sudden natural disaster
C. they think volunteers in the community can protect themselves and others in a disaster
D. they believe they can help victims earlier and more effectively than professional ones
46 What would be the proper title for the passage
A. CERT and professional rescue teams are important
B. CERT is a folk but helpful organization in America
C. Ordinary people can save lives in a natural disaster
D. Volunteers can effectively prevent a natural disaster
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Many people drink protein shakes (高蛋白饮品) regularly to lose weight, build muscle or both. Others, however, question the belief that protein shakes are better than normal, high-protein foods. So what is the truth
What is in a protein shake
Protein shakes are dietary supplements (膳食补充品) designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would. ___47___ Or people can mix their own shakes using protein powder and other ingredients. Protein powder can be made from plants or animals. Plant-based protein shakes can include soy, pea or rice protein. Animal-based protein powders are usually made from cow’s milk. Those who want to stay away from milk can also get protein powder made from egg whites.
Advantages of protein shakes
Studies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build your muscle. They can also help to improve your performance while exercising and help you to recover from exercise. ___48___
Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight. Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full, so it’s easier to resist eating too much. High-protein diets can also increase how quickly your body burns energy. When you use more energy than you take in through food, you lose weight. ___49___
Disadvantages of protein shakes
However, you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet. Many wholefoods are rich in protein. As a matter of fact, the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods. ___50___ In contrast, many protein shakes contain sugar or artificial sweeteners, which are not healthy.
To sum up
So yes, protein shakes are convenient, and they work. However, they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet.
A. And if you’re losing weight, protein shakes can help make sure that you don’t lose muscle.
B. Protein shakes can also help people to manage their figures, especially their weight.
C. Moreover, these foods contain other nutrients in addition to protein.
D. Therefore, it is unnecessary to take protein shakes unless it is a must.
E. Protein shakes can be ready-made drinks.
F. And high-protein diets have also been linked to the loss of fat.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
When you’re having fun with your friends, you take selfies. When you visit famous places, you take selfies. When you are in beautiful spots, you take selfies. But sometimes you don’t look very attractive in the photos. And, of course, if you’re going to post them, you want to look your best. What can you do
Instead of posting a photo you don’t like, you can turn to photo retouching. When you retouch an image, you improve its appearance. Many apps offer you the ability to do that. Their easy-to-use tools help you smooth your skin, make your teeth straighter and whiter, and more. Within the apps, you can also change your facial features. You can make your eyes rounder and brighter. You can change the shape of your face or your nose. You can also change the direction of the light source or add highlights. All in all, you can make yourself look like you wish you looked.
Now you’ve uploaded your retouched photos to social media. People leave positive comments, and you get a lot of likes. That’s great, right Maybe not. With so many people sharing personal images of their lives, it’s almost like a contest.
Who looks the best, takes perfect selfies and lives up to social media’s standard of beauty You need to be part of that crowd so that you don’t feel left out. Worse yet, you feel if you’re not part of that crowd, you may be criticized for your looks. Maybe you think that if you don’t look like the influencers you follow, you’re not good enough. People generally retouch themselves to have larger eyes, thinner chins and brighter skin. Does everyone now look the same It seems like a lot of people are trying to match up to unrealistic beauty ideals. That isn’t good for anyone’s self-image.
Perhaps it’s time to post the real you and only lightly retouched, if at all.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 在场的人都觉得他说的话不能证明他是无辜的. (prove)(汉译英)
53. 面对疫情，人人都要有防护意识和责任感，以防万一。 (in case of) (汉译英)
54. 现在数字技术无处不在，据说未来学校也是基于数字技术和人工智能的强大功能.(base) (汉译英)
55. 难怪我同桌在试卷评析课上讲的头头是道，她每次课前准备都很充分的，这为她的不断发展做好了准备. (pave) (汉译英)
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
随着数字技术的广泛使用，现在，学校里有些老师喜欢给学生布置线上作业，也有一些老师仍然喜欢布置线下作业，还有一些老师喜欢布置线上和线下混合式作业。作为一名高三学生，请你给老师写一封邮件，提出你关于作业方面的建议。邮件内容必须包括：
1.你觉得哪种作业形式更适合你们班级；
2.简单陈述你的理由，说明其利弊。
(文中不要出现真实姓名和学校名称)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案:1-10 DCACB ADBDB11-20 ABABB ABACD宝山区 2022学年第一学期期末高三年级英语学科
教学质量监测试卷
(本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟)
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a library. B. At a garage. C. At a shop. D. At a hotel.
2. A. Colleagues. B. Teacher and student.
C. Classmates. D. Boss and secretary.
3. A. They are boring. B. They are informative.
C. They are helpful. D. They are impractical.
4. A. Wear his suit. B. Prepare for cold weather.
C. Dress informally. D. Find out who’s going to the party.
5. A. He doesn’t feel qualified for it. B. He’d like a higher salary.
C. He’s completely satisfied with it. D. He’d like to work less per week.
6. A. He has bad study habits. B. He sleeps too much.
C. He wakes up too early. D. He’s a top student.
7. A. Join the club himself. B. Attend the next club meeting.
C. Persuade the member not to quit. D. Look for someone to fill the position.
8. A. Her new glasses aren’t comfortable. B. She’s too busy to get an eye check-up.
C. She has to check when the appointment is. D. She decided not to cancel her appointment.
9. A. Annie should try to avoid getting sick.
B. He has known Annie’s neighbor for many years.
C. He doesn’t know many composers of classical music.
D. Annie might spend a lot of money on classical music.
10. A. He has just recovered from the flu. B. He won’t be able to go to the cinema.
C. He has already seen the film before. D. He doesn’t think the film is good.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Students’ need for more sleep. B. Students’ eagerness for breakfast time.
C. Students’ loads of homework. D. Students’ lack of loving care.
12. A. Physical. B. Genetic. C. Mental. D. Emotional.
13. A. Later start time. B. Causes of sleeplessness.
C. Reasons for being tired. D. Public health issue.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Social traditions. B. students’ pictures.
C. Campus newspapers. D. Teaching activities.
15. A. Because students who produce them are unpaid.
B. Because yearbooks are expensive to print.
C. Because yearbooks are similar to campus newspapers.
D. Because students are not interested in them.
16. A. Students knowing the answer when called upon in class are called curls.
B. “Corksand Curls” hasn’t stopped publishing until its 120th anniversary.
C. “Corksand Curls” is a yearbook name of Towson University.
D. “Curls” means someone curling their tail in upset.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Because she indeed likes to travel without other’s company.
B. Because she is tired of always being surrounded by others.
C. Because she is unwilling to be surrounded while traveling.
D. Because she really doesn’t want to compromise in her life.
18. A. Language and danger. B. German and customs.
C. Time and nerves. D. Experience and surroundings.
19. A. 9. B. 10. C. 11. D. 12.
20. A. She would change her original idea and go travel with John.
B. She would go traveling with her friends after the conversation.
C. She would give up the travel at present and do it next year.
D. She would continue her original plan no matter what happens.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Rob and Jane are classmates at a university. It is the beginning of the semester and time to buy books for various classes. Their university not only makes paper textbooks available but also offers digital textbooks to its students. Rob and Jane ____1____ (talk) about which type of book they prefer.
Rob: I think I’m going to study digitally this year.
Jane: What do you mean
Rob: Well, the majority of the textbooks I need for my classes ____2____ (offer) digitally. So I’m going to buy access in that form. That way I can study on my computer, phone or e-reader. The content is the same as a paper textbook.
Jane: Are you sure I’ve heard that not all textbooks are compatible (与……一致的) with all media devices. I had a friend last year who had some problems ____3____ (access) her books on certain devices.
Rob: Really I’ve never heard that. The people to ____4____ I talked said it was super convenient. Besides, my budget is very limited right now. The digital format costs less than half the price of the paper textbook.
Jane: True. But at the end of the semester, you can sell back a paper textbook. That way you can recover some of your money.
Rob: I also have to work most days after class. ____5____ (study) digitally means I don’t need to carry around a bunch of heavy books. So it would be much more convenient for me.
Jane: Convenience isn’t ____6____. I find it much easier to focus on what I’m reading in a real book. It’s also easier to follow a lecture and turn to the page that’s being discussed.
Rob: Yes, but I can access a page by searching for a word, so I can find it easily.
Jane: I find it easier to recall information I want to remember ____7____ I mark it in an actual book. Rob: But you can do that ____8____ digital material, too.
Jane: Have you ever had a textbook that you wanted to keep for future reference You know some textbooks are only available the semester you buy it. After that, you lose access to it.
Rob: Oh! I’ll have to look into ____9____ digital books I’d have permanent access to, then.
Jane: You know, I also read that when people read digitally their comprehension is weaker. People apparently read faster on a screen. But they don’t remember details as _____10_____ (well) as someone who reads it on paper.
Rob: I guess I’ll find out. Anyway, I’m going to try it.
Jane: Let me know how it works. I’m sticking with paper.
【答案】1. are talking
2. are offered
3. accessing
4. whom 5. Studying##To study
6. everything
7. if##when
8. with 9. which##what
10. well
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇对话。罗布和简是大学同学。这是新学期的开始，是购买各种课程书籍的时候了。他们的大学不仅提供纸质教科书，还为学生提供数字教科书。罗布和简正在谈论他们更喜欢哪种类型的书。
【1题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：罗布和简正在谈论他们更喜欢哪种类型的书。根据下文的对话可知，常常表示现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，主语为Rob and Jane，谓语用复数。故填are talking。
【2题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：我上课需要的大部分课本都是数字化的。主语与谓语构成被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为the majority of the textbooks，谓语用复数。故填are offered。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，我有一个朋友在某些设备上访问她的书时遇到了一些问题。短语have problems doing sth.表示“做某事有问题”，用动名词作宾语。故填accessing。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：和我交谈过的人说这非常方便。分析句子可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句修饰先行词people，作介词的宾语，指人，故用whom。故填whom。
5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：数字化学习意味着我不需要带着一堆沉重的书。此处作句子的主语，可用动名词或不定式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Studying/To study。
【6题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：方便并不代表一切。作表语，表示“一切”应用不定代词everything。故填everything。
【7题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：我发现，当我在实际的书上做记号时/如果我在实际的书上做记号，我更容易回忆起我想记住的信息。此处可理解为条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if；或理解为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when。故填if/when。
【8题详解】
考查介词。句意：但你也可以用数字材料做到这一点。后跟名词作宾语，表示“用”应用介词with。故填with。
【9题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：那么，我得查一下我可以永久使用哪些/什么电子书。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少books的定语，表示“哪些”或“什么”应用which或what。故填which/what。
【10题详解】
考查副词。句意：但他们不像那些在纸上阅读的人那样记住细节。修饰动词remember应用副词well。故填well。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. disturbing B. resources C. altered D. effective E. recorded F. permanently G. specially H. machines I. signified J. accurately K. impossible
When an endangered seabird hits a power line, it makes a sound “very much like the laser sound from Star Wars,” says conservation biologist Marc Travers. He should know, as his team from the Endangered Seabird Recovery Project ___11___ thousands of hours of audio to determine if power lines affected local seabirds. Travers was trying to help establish how frequently birds are killed by power lines on the island of Kauai in Hawaii in 2011.
His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics, a company that assists conservation efforts with AI ___12___. Conservation Metrics used a program to “listen” to the recordings and count the sounds that ___13___ bird electrocutions(电击). The result was ___14___, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands. Armed with proof that power lines were killing a significant number of birds, the team worked with the local utility (公共事业) service to reduce bird deaths.
In science fiction stories such as The Matrix, AI-powered ___15___ take over the world and end life on the planet as we know it. But in reality, programs that use AI to sort through mountains of data might just save some species from disappearing ___16___.
By many measures, humans have been poor managers of the planet. Humans have ___17___ as much as 97 percent of land ecosystems. Key populations of monitored animals have declined as much as 68 percent since 1970. The decline in biodiversity around the world has created a hopeless situation. Conservation efforts lack key resources they need to be ___18___.
Fortunately, humans now have AI-based tools that can help. AI can quickly and ___19___ sort through large amounts of data created by observations in the field. Then other programs such as PAWS (Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security) can help analyze the data and suggest the most effective ways to focus conservation efforts.
In large national parks and wildlife reserves, illegal hunters are a danger for animals both big and small. Some animals are worth a lot of money on the black market. Park rangers are left with a(n) ____20____ task because there is too much land to cover. But the PAWS program allows rangers to focus their efforts. PAWS has even predicted the existence of trap lines in areas not yet checked by rangers!
We still face many challenges to change the loss of wildlife, but AI-powered programs promise to be a powerful conservation tool.
【答案】11. E 12. B
13. I 14. A
15. H 16. F
17. C 18. D
19. J 20. K
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种以人工智能为载体保护野生动物的方式。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：他应该知道，因为他的濒危海鸟恢复项目团队录制了数千小时的音频，以确定电线是否影响了当地的海鸟。分析句子成分可知，空处为as引导的原因状语从句中的谓语动词；根据上下文可知，是在讲过去的事情，故用一般现在时即可；后文“His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics,(他的团队录制了600小时的音频，并将录音发送给Conservation Metrics公司，)”可知，他的团队是“录制”了音频，空处和后文recorded为原文复现。故选E项。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：他的团队录制了600小时的音频，并将这些录音发送到保护指标公司，该公司利用人工智能资源协助保护工作。根据上文“His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics,( 他的团队录制了600小时的音频，并将录音发送给Conservation Metrics公司，)”、下文“Armed with proof that power lines were killing a significant number of birds, the team worked with the local utility service to reduce bird deaths. (有了电线杀死大量鸟类的证据，该团队与当地公用事业公司合作，以减少鸟类死亡。)”中提到的recordings“录音”和proof“证据”可知，这些都属于人工智能所提供的资源。B项“资源”符合句意。故选B项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：Conservation Metrics公司使用一个程序来“听”录音，并计算了表示鸟类触电身亡的声音。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词为the sounds，空处需要填从句中的谓语动词，时态需要对应全文为一般过去时态；根据后文“The result was ___4___, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands.(结果令人不安，因为触电的鸟类数量达到了数千只。)”可知，声音是鸟触电时发出的声音。I项意为“表示”、“代表”，符合句意。故选I项。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：结果令人不安，因为触电而死亡的鸟类数量达到了数千只。分析句子成分可知，空处需要填形容词作表语，形容主语The result，而结合上文“the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands(被电死的鸟的数量高达数千只。)”可知，结果是，被电死的鸟类数量巨大，这是非常令人不安的数据。A项“令人不安的”符合文意。故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：在《黑客帝国》等科幻小说中，人工智能机器控制了世界，结束了我们所知的地球上的生命。根据常识可知，人工智能本身是一种机器；句中谓语动词为take over，故主语应为复数。H项machines“机器”符合句意和语法结构。故选H项。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：但在现实中，使用人工智能对海量数据进行分类的程序可能只是为了避免一些物种永久消失。分析句子成分可知，空处填副词修饰空前disappearing。前文“In science fiction stories such as The Matrix, AI-powered machines take over the world and end life on the planet as we know it.(在《黑客帝国》等科幻小说中，人工智能机器控制了世界，结束了我们所知的地球上的生命。)”提到end life“结束生命”，故空处也需要填副词表示结束一些物种的生命。F项“永久地”符合句意，表示使这些物种灭绝。故选F项。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：人类改变了多达97%的陆地生态系统。根据后文“Key populations of monitored animals have declined as much as 68 percent since 1970. The decline in biodiversity around the world has created a hopeless situation.(自1970年以来，受监测的主要动物种群数量减少了68%。全球生物多样性的下降已经造成了一个绝望的局面。)”可知，人类的存在对陆地生态系统造成了影响。C项“改变”符合句意，和“影响”的情感态度相近。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：保护工作缺乏有效的关键资源。分析句子成分可知，空处需要填形容词作表语；D项“有效的”用于形容“关键资源”，符合句意。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：人工智能可以快速准确地对现场观测产生的大量数据进行分类。分析句子成分，空前有and并列了副词quickly“快速地”，故空处也需要填一个副词。J项“准确地”符合文意，表示人工智能对大数据进行分类又快又准。故选J项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：公园管理员面临着一项不可能完成的任务，因为要覆盖的土地太多了。分析句子，空前有不定冠词，空后为名词task“任务”，故空处需要填形容词；结合后文“because there is too much land to cover.(因为要覆盖的土地太多了。)”可知，公园覆盖的面积太大，管理员一个人无法完成这样的挑战，所以这是一个“不可能完成的任务”。K项“不可能的”符合句意。故选K项。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Online art of all kinds can be accessed by as many people as the hosting server permits. But there is a(n) ___21___ that is allowing people to buy digital art.
Digital art that is sold online is known as an NFT, which ___22___ non-fungible token(非同质化代币). Non-fungible means that the item cannot be ___23___ by a similar item. For example, coins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged. ___24___, trading cards are non-fungible because their worth varies depending on which card you have. An NFT can be ___25___ anything digital -songs, videos, images or even a social media post, one of which sold for almost USS3 million!
Others may be able to see this NFT, or art, but one person is listed as the owner on a blockchain-that is, a public ___26___. Blockchains are well equipped to keep track of the owner of NFT. In fact, they are used to record all kinds of online ___27___.
Some people are describing NFTs as an online version of collecting fine art. And collectors are ___28___ to put their money where their mouth is, paying thousands or even millions of dollars for NFTs.
As with fine art collecting, some people see purchasing NFTs as a(n) ___29___, buying art that they plan to sell at a higher price later. Others want the esteem (成就感) that comes with owning an NFT made by a famous ___30___. But given that a copy of an NFT is identical to the ___31___, the wisdom of paying massive amounts of money for one may seem ___32___.
On the other hand, the popularity of NFTs is ___33___ good news for the artists who create them. Upon selling their works as NFTs, artists receive much more than the small amounts of money they get when someone streams their video, for example. Some NFTs are even set up so that every time a work changes hands, the creator receives a percentage of the price. Thus, the artist can be paid for a single NFT many times over.
___34___ every NFT is unique, though some creators produce multiple very similar NFTs sort of like how multiple copies of any given trading card exist). ___35___ will tell whether NFT art will pay off for collectors in the long run, but for now it’s providing some people-including the artists with large sums of money.
21. A. regulation B. art C. skill D. trend
22. A. focuses on B. stands for C. points to D. consists in
23. A. replaced B. produced C. released D. covered
24. A. In a word B. In other words C. In contrast D. In conclusion
25. A. practically B. extremely C. eventually D. constantly
26. A. image B. database C. relationship D. benefit
27. A. activities B. performances C. communications D. deals
28. A. afraid B. eager C. willing D. doubtful
29. A. amusement B. investment C. donation D. hobby
30. A. creator B. craftsman C. official D. scientist
31. A. critical B. moderate C. final D. original
32. A. foolish B. intelligent C. questionable D. mysterious
33. A. generally B. definitely C. consequently D. specifically
34. A. Theoretically B. Objectively C. Honestly D. Strictly
35. A. Standard B. Money C. Time D. Technology
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生活中人们在网上购买数字艺术品的一个趋势。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是有一个趋势是允许人们购买数字艺术品。A. regulation管理；规章；B. art艺术；C. skill技巧；D. trend趋势。根据下文“allowing people to buy digital art”及“Some people are describing NFTs as an online version of collecting fine art.”可知，这里指人们从网络上购买数字艺术品成为了趋势。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：在网上销售的数字艺术品被称为 NFT，代表非同质化代币。A. focuses on集中于； B. stands for 代表；C. points to指向；D. consists in组成。根据空前“known as an NFT”及空后“non-fungible token”可知，此处NFT代表non-fungible token，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不可替换意味着该项不能被类似的项替换。A. replaced替换；B. produced制造；C. released释放；发射；D. covered覆盖。根据下文“For example, coins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged. 　4　　, trading cards are non-fungible because their worth varies depending on which card you have.”可知，硬币和纸币是可替换的，交易卡是不可替代的，因而这里指不能被相似的物品来替换。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，硬币和纸币是可替换的，因为它们有一个固定的价值，并且易于交换。相比之下，交易卡是不可替代的，因为它们的价值取决于你持有的卡。A. In a word总之；一句话；B. In other words换句话说；C. In contrast相对比而言；D. In conclusion最后；总之。结合上文“coins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged”及下文“trading cards are non-fungible because their worth varies depending on which card you have”可知，此处是拿能交换的硬币和纸币与交易卡进行对比，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：NFT 实际上可以是任何数字化的东西——歌曲、视频、图像甚至是社交媒体帖子，其中一个售价接近300万美元！A. practically实际地；B. extremely 极其；非常；C. eventually最终；D. constantly持续地。根据下文“anything digital -songs, videos, images or even a social media post”拿实际的数码歌曲、视频等来解释NTF，所以NTF指实际上的这些东西。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人可能能够看到这个 NFT，或艺术，但一个人被列为所有者的区块链——即公共数据库。A. image形象；B. database数据库；C. relationship关系；D. benefit好处。根据下文“In fact, they are used to record all kinds of online 　　7　　.”可知，此处指网上交易都被记录在这里，即是所有交易的数据库。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，它们被用来记录各种在线交易。A. activities活动；B. performances表演；C. communications交流；D. deals交易。根据上文“allowing people to buy digital art”可知，这里指人们在网上购买数字艺术品，即网上交易。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且收藏家愿意把钱花在他们所说的地方，为 NFT 支付数千甚至数百万美元。A. afraid害怕的；B. eager渴望的；C. willing乐意的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据下文“paying thousands or even millions of dollars for NFTs”可知，收藏家们愿意把钱花在NFT上。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像收藏艺术品一样，有些人把购买 NFT 视为一种投资，购买他们计划以更高价格出售的艺术品。A. amusement乐趣；娱乐活动；B. investment投资；C. donation捐献；捐赠物；D. hobby爱好。根据上文“ purchasing NFTs”及下文“ sell at a higher price later”可知，低价买NFT，之后以高价卖出，即有些人把购买NFT 视为一种投资。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人则希望拥有由著名创作者制作的 NFT，从而获得尊重。A. creator创造者；B. craftsman工匠；技工；C. official官员；D. scientist科学家。根据上文“an NFT made by a famous”，可知，这里指创造NFT的创造者。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，鉴于 NFT 的拷贝与原件完全相同，花大价钱购买 NFT 的明智之举似乎值得怀疑。A. critical批评的；爱挑剔的； B. moderate适度的；C. final最终的；D. original最初的。根据上文“a copy of an NFT is identical to ”可知，复制体和原始的应是一致的。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，鉴于 NFT 的拷贝与原件完全相同，花大价钱购买 NFT 的明智之举似乎值得怀疑。A. foolish愚蠢的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. questionable可疑的；有疑问的；D. mysterious神秘的。结合空前内容，可知，复制体和原始版是一致的，所以花大价钱购买复制体这个行为是可疑的。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，NFT 的流行对于创作它们的艺术家来说无疑是个好消息。A. generally大体地； B. definitely明确地；C. consequently因此；D. specifically特有地；特定地。根据空处前后内容可知，NFT受欢迎，因而对于创作它们的艺术家来讲肯定是好消息。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：从理论上讲，每个 NFT 都是独一无二的，尽管有些创造者会生成多个非常相似的 NFT，就像任何给定交易卡的多个拷贝存在一样。A. Theoretically理论地；B. Objectively客观的；C. Honestly诚实地；D. Strictly严格地。根据下文“every NFT is unique”可知，在理论上，任何一个NFT都是独一无二的。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从长远来看，NFT 艺术品是否会为收藏家带来回报，时间会告诉我们答案，但就目前而言，它为一些人——包括艺术家——提供了大笔资金。A. Standard标准；B. Money金钱；C. Time时间；D. Technology技术。根据下文“in the long run”，所以此处指从时间上来看。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Jailbreaking commonly refers to unlocking iOS for iPhones and iPads. Seventeen-year-old George Hotz, or geohot as he liked to be called, was the first person to jailbreak an iPhone. He accomplished his feat in 2007, and many others followed his lead.
Jailbreaking an iPhone offers some distinct benefits. With a jailbroken iPhone, you have numerous ways to change any setting to suit your needs. You can also alter the look and feel of the phone so that it matches your personality. Another advantage of jailbreaking for iPhone users is the ability to install apps not offered in Apple’s App Store. Cydia, an alternative app store for jailbroken iOS devices, offers a variety of apps, some of which cost more than others.
Before jailbreaking your iPhone, you should consider the consequences. Jailbreaking immediately voids (使无效) your iPhone’s warranty, which means that Apple is no longer required to fix your phone if something goes wrong. Jailbreaking also exposes you to the dangers associated with alternative apps. Poor quality apps from alternative app stores may cause your iPhone to crash more often or stop working altogether. After jailbreaking your iPhone, you must also be careful not to allow Apple to install new software on your phone.
Apple naturally discourages its customers from jailbreaking their iPhones. According to the company, jailbreaking doesn’t just affect the security and stability of an iPhone. It can also shorten the phone’s battery life. For many people, this is an important consideration.
36. Which aspects of jailbreaking does the article discuss
A. The ways in which jailbreaking can save people time
B. The positives and negatives associated with jailbreaking
C. The clients who got into legal trouble for jailbreaking
D. The best and worst techniques for jailbreaking phones
37. What does the article imply about the first person to jailbreak an iPhone
A. He apologized for his actions. B. He produced hardware designs.
C. He gave himself a nickname. D. He was turned down for a job.
38. From this article, what can readers learn about the products offered by Cydia
A. Their prices vary somewhat. B. Their inventors are quite young.
C. They’re still manufactured abroad. D. They take only a few moments to install.
39. According to Apple, what might happen after a person jailbreaks his or her iPhone
A. It might need a new camera stand. B. It might become harder to sell.
C. It might be easily damaged by water. D. It might use up its battery faster.
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了能够解锁iphone和ipad的iOS系统以及它的优缺点。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Jailbreaking an iPhone offers some distinct benefits.( 解锁iPhone有一些明显的好处。)”和第三段 “Before jailbreaking your iPhone, you should consider the consequences. (在解锁你的iPhone之前，你应该考虑一下后果。)”可知本文主要讨论了与解锁手机相关的积极和消极因素。故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Seventeen-year-old George Hotz, or geohot as he liked to be called, was the first person to jailbreak an iPhone. (17岁的乔治·霍兹，或者他喜欢别人称呼他geohot，是第一个破解iPhone的人。)”可知他给自己起了个绰号。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cydia, an alternative app store for jailbroken iOS devices, offers a variety of apps, some of which cost more than others.( Cydia是针对解锁iOS设备的另一个应用商店，提供了多种应用程序，其中一些应用程序的价格高于其他应用程序。)”可知，读者可以了解到Cydia提供的产品价格有所不同。故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“According to the company, jailbreaking doesn’t just affect the security and stability of an iPhone. It can also shorten the phone’s battery life. For many people, this is an important consideration.( 苹果公司表示，解锁不仅会影响iPhone的安全性和稳定性。它还会缩短手机的电池寿命。对许多人来说，这是一个重要的考虑因素。)”根据苹果公司的说法，一个人解锁他或她的iPhone，可能会更快地用完电池。故选D。
(B)
To: ackard@ From: sandyp@ Subject: Confidential: Managerial Advice Date: Feb. 16, 2022
Hi Dan, I’m writing to ask if you could give me advice. Please note that this must all be kept secret. I am emailing you because I know that you are a trusted friend, and you have had experience in this area. I’ve been obliged to reduce my department’s budget within the month, too. I’m not looking forward to this and am not sure where to begin since I hope that I won’t have to create any layoffs. Long story short, I would really appreciate meeting with you at some point to see if you can offer up any advice or suggestions. Thanks in advance. Regards, Sandy
To: sandyp@ From: ackard@ Subject: Re: Confidential: Managerial Advice Date: Feb. 17, 2022
Hi Sandy, I’m glad that you thought of me as someone to go to. I definitely don’t mind being your sounding board, and I can meet with you anytime starting next Monday. I realize that you may want to start thinking of some ideas sooner than later. My biggest piece of advice to you is to make sure you feel your way among your staff to get an impression of how people are currently coping with our company’s economic situation. Talk to them and find out what’s important to them. Of course, do it casually so that no one’s guard is up. Email or call me to let me know when you want to meet. Dan
40. What is Sandy responsible for
A. Firing bad employees
B. Cutting costs and expenses
C. Figuring out the new computer program
D. Combining the two divisions of the company
41. What suggestion does Dan give Sandy
A. Start questioning all workers under her.
B. Act carefully and find out employees’ thoughts.
C. Give out a questionnaire (问卷) for everyone to fill out.
D. Require extra overtime from staff members.
42. The phrase “sounding board” in the body of the second email, is closest in meaning to:
A. listener B. examiner C. designer D. informer
【答案】40. B 41. B 42. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。本文是Dan和Sandy的书信往来。Dan向Sandy寻求工作上的一些建议。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sandy写个Dan的信中的“I’ve been obliged to reduce my department’s budget within the month, too. I’m not looking forward to this and am not sure where to begin since I hope that I won’t have to create any layoffs. (我也不得不在一个月内削减我部门的预算。我并不期待这份工作，也不知道从哪里开始，因为我希望我不会造成任何裁员。)”可知，Sandy负责削减成本和花费。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Dan写给Sandy的信中的“My biggest piece of advice to you is to make sure you feel your way among your staff to get an impression of how people are currently coping with our company’s economic situation. Talk to them and find out what’s important to them.(我给你最重要的一条建议是，确保在你的员工中感受一下，以了解他们目前是如何应对我们公司的经济形势的。和他们谈谈，找出对他们来说什么是重要的。)”可知，Dan建议Sandy认真行事，了解员工的想法。故选B。
【42题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“I’m glad that you thought of me as someone to go to. (我很高兴你把我当成一个可以求助的人。)”和下文“ I can meet with you anytime starting next Monday.(从下周一开始，我随时都可以和你见面。)”可知，Dan非常高兴Sandy向他求助，下周一后随时都愿意和他面谈，倾听他的想法，因此推断他不介意做他的倾听者，划线部分与A项“倾听者”意思相近，故选A。
(C)
When disaster strikes a community, it is often critical that assistance be provided right away. The best first responders are the people who call that area home. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might affect their communities. Teams of volunteers are trained in basic skills such as fire safety and prevention, search and rescue, and first aid. After training, these volunteers can begin to provide immediate assistance in the consequence of disasters before professional rescuers arrive.
A CERT team can make a huge difference to a community. During the early stages of a disastrous event, citizens will likely face extreme challenges on their own. Emergency services are usually overwhelmed, and communities may be isolated because of blocked roads. A CERT team can size up the situation in their neighborhood and provide help right away. In 1986, untrained volunteers saved more than 800 lives in the Mexico City earthquake. Unfortunately, at least 100 volunteers also died in the process. To ensure their community was better prepared in events like this, Los Angeles piloted the first CERT program in 1986, and many cities followed their lead.
People of all ages can participate in a CERT program-there is even a teen program for adolescents. Local CERT trainers hold an annual training class and provide subsequent classes throughout the year to consolidate skills.
CERT programs are useful on many different levels. Volunteers are trained to act as eyes and ears, locating trapped victims for uniformed emergency responders who arrive later. They learn to put out small fires, shut off equipment, rescue survivors and provide basic medical treatment. Volunteers also create disaster plans to evacuate families as well as collect and store disaster supplies such as water, food and first-aid kits. Working with professionals, a CERT team can help reduce injuries, loss of life and property damage.
There are now CERT programs throughout the United States, and more than 600,000 people have trained as volunteers. Brazil, New Zealand and Turkey have similar programs. Citizens participate because they believe that everyone in a community has a role in disaster preparedness. By working competently as a team, CERT volunteers protect not only themselves but also the people around them when disasters occur.
43. According to the passage, when do CERT members usually provide assistance
A. Before those professional rescuers arrive. B. When uniformed emergency responders arrive.
C. During the early stages of a disastrous event. D. Throughout the process of rescue in a disaster.
44. The word “pilot” in the second paragraph most probably means ________.
A. conduct B. imitate C. pass D. discuss
45. According to the passage, residents in the community in some countries are willing to be CERT volunteers because ________.
A. they think each in the community is important in preventing and fighting against disaster
B. they believe everyone in the community has the responsibility in a sudden natural disaster
C. they think volunteers in the community can protect themselves and others in a disaster
D. they believe they can help victims earlier and more effectively than professional ones
46. What would be the proper title for the passage
A. CERT and professional rescue teams are important
B. CERT is a folk but helpful organization in America
C. Ordinary people can save lives in a natural disaster
D. Volunteers can effectively prevent a natural disaster
【答案】43. D 44. C 45. A 46. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社区应急响应小组（CERT）项目教平民如何为可能影响他们社区的危险做好准备。说明了CERT团队可以对社区产生巨大的影响，介绍了其积极作用以及人们对其的看法。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might affect their communities. Teams of volunteers are trained in basic skills such as fire safety and prevention, search and rescue, and first aid. After training, these volunteers can begin to provide immediate assistance in the consequence of disasters before professional rescuers arrive. (社区应急响应小组（CERT）项目教平民如何为可能影响他们社区的危险做好准备。志愿者队伍接受消防安全和预防、搜索和救援以及急救等基本技能的培训。经过培训，这些志愿者可以在专业救援人员到达之前，在灾难发生后立即提供援助)”可知，CERT成员通常在灾难中救援的整个过程提供帮助。故选D。
44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“the first CERT program in 1986, and many cities followed their lead(第一个CERT计划在1986年，许多城市跟随他们的领导)”可知，洛杉矶在1986年通过了第一个CERT计划，许多城市效仿他们的做法。故画线词意思是“通过”。故选C。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Citizens participate because they believe that everyone in a community has a role in disaster preparedness. By working competently as a team, CERT volunteers protect not only themselves but also the people around them when disasters occur.(公民参与是因为他们相信社区中的每个人都可以在备灾中发挥作用。通过作为一个团队称职地工作，CERT志愿者在灾难发生时不仅保护自己，还保护周围的人)”可知，一些国家的社区居民愿意成为CERT志愿者，因为他们认为社区中的每一个人在预防和抗击灾难方面都很重要。故选A。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might affect their communities. Teams of volunteers are trained in basic skills such as fire safety and prevention, search and rescue, and first aid. After training, these volunteers can begin to provide immediate assistance in the consequence of disasters before professional rescuers arrive. (社区应急响应小组（CERT）项目教平民如何为可能影响他们社区的危险做好准备。志愿者队伍接受消防安全和预防、搜索和救援以及急救等基本技能的培训。经过培训，这些志愿者可以在专业救援人员到达之前，在灾难发生后立即提供援助)”结合文章说明了CERT团队可以对社区产生巨大的影响，介绍了其积极作用以及人们对其的看法。可知，故C选项“普通人也能在自然灾害中拯救生命”最符合文章标题。故选C。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Many people drink protein shakes (高蛋白饮品) regularly to lose weight, build muscle or both. Others, however, question the belief that protein shakes are better than normal, high-protein foods. So what is the truth
What is in a protein shake
Protein shakes are dietary supplements (膳食补充品) designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would. ___47___ Or people can mix their own shakes using protein powder and other ingredients. Protein powder can be made from plants or animals. Plant-based protein shakes can include soy, pea or rice protein. Animal-based protein powders are usually made from cow’s milk. Those who want to stay away from milk can also get protein powder made from egg whites.
Advantages of protein shakes
Studies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build your muscle. They can also help to improve your performance while exercising and help you to recover from exercise. ___48___
Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight. Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full, so it’s easier to resist eating too much. High-protein diets can also increase how quickly your body burns energy. When you use more energy than you take in through food, you lose weight. ___49___
Disadvantages of protein shakes
However, you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet. Many wholefoods are rich in protein. As a matter of fact, the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods. ___50___ In contrast, many protein shakes contain sugar or artificial sweeteners, which are not healthy.
To sum up
So yes, protein shakes are convenient, and they work. However, they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet.
A. And if you’re losing weight, protein shakes can help make sure that you don’t lose muscle.
B. Protein shakes can also help people to manage their figures, especially their weight.
C. Moreover, these foods contain other nutrients in addition to protein.
D. Therefore, it is unnecessary to take protein shakes unless it is a must.
E. Protein shakes can be ready-made drinks.
F. And high-protein diets have also been linked to the loss of fat.
【答案】47. E 48. A 49. F 50. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蛋白奶昔的优缺点以及是否有必要为了保持健康或减重而饮用它。
【47题详解】
下文“Or people can mix their own shakes using protein powder and other ingredients.(人们也可以用蛋白粉和其他成分混合自己的奶昔。)”表示，人们同样也可以用蛋白粉和其他东西混合，做自己喜欢的奶昔；由此可以推出，蛋白粉也可以不加其他成分，单独饮用。E项“蛋白质奶昔可以是现成的饮料。”符合文意。故选E项。
【48题详解】
上文“Studies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build your muscle.(研究表明，如果你想增强肌肉，喝蛋白粉奶昔是有帮助的。)”提到蛋白粉可以增肌，阐明了蛋白粉与肌肉的关系，所以空处也应与此有关。A项“如果你正在减肥，蛋白质奶昔可以确保你不会失去肌肉。”符合文意。故选A项。
【49题详解】
上文“Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight. Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full, so it’s easier to resist eating too much.(喝蛋白粉奶昔也能帮助你减肥。吃高蛋白食物能让你有饱腹感，所以更容易克制住而不会吃太多。)”提到喝蛋白粉奶昔是如何帮助人们减肥的——因为蛋白粉奶昔属于高蛋白食物；后文“However, you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet. Many wholefoods are rich in protein.(然而，你不一定要喝蛋白质奶昔来获得高蛋白饮食。许多天然食品富含蛋白质。)”再次提到高蛋白食物。故空处承上启下，也需要提到高蛋白饮食。F项“高蛋白饮食也与脂肪的减少有关。”中high-protein diet为原文复现。故选F项。
【50题详解】
上文“Many wholefoods are rich in protein. As a matter of fact, the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods.(许多天然食品富含蛋白质。事实上，在许多高蛋白饮食研究中，人们并不喝蛋白奶昔。这些研究证明了食用富含蛋白质的食物的好处。)”讲了食物中的蛋白质，并提到关键词food“食物”，而选项中只有C项“此外，这些食物除了蛋白质之外还含有其他营养物质。”含有该关键词，为原文复现。故选C项。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
When you’re having fun with your friends, you take selfies. When you visit famous places, you take selfies. When you are in beautiful spots, you take selfies. But sometimes you don’t look very attractive in the photos. And, of course, if you’re going to post them, you want to look your best. What can you do
Instead of posting a photo you don’t like, you can turn to photo retouching. When you retouch an image, you improve its appearance. Many apps offer you the ability to do that. Their easy-to-use tools help you smooth your skin, make your teeth straighter and whiter, and more. Within the apps, you can also change your facial features. You can make your eyes rounder and brighter. You can change the shape of your face or your nose. You can also change the direction of the light source or add highlights. All in all, you can make yourself look like you wish you looked.
Now you’ve uploaded your retouched photos to social media. People leave positive comments, and you get a lot of likes. That’s great, right Maybe not. With so many people sharing personal images of their lives, it’s almost like a contest.
Who looks the best, takes perfect selfies and lives up to social media’s standard of beauty You need to be part of that crowd so that you don’t feel left out. Worse yet, you feel if you’re not part of that crowd, you may be criticized for your looks. Maybe you think that if you don’t look like the influencers you follow, you’re not good enough. People generally retouch themselves to have larger eyes, thinner chins and brighter skin. Does everyone now look the same It seems like a lot of people are trying to match up to unrealistic beauty ideals. That isn’t good for anyone’s self-image.
Perhaps it’s time to post the real you and only lightly retouched, if at all.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】It’s about selfies. When you post them, you can use photo retouching to get better looks for positive comments and likes. If all always do such things follow the crowd or avoid being despised, each may look identical. Actually, many can not achieve their goals. It is better to post real you with little retouching if necessary.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍说明了关于自拍的现象和相关的建议。人们通常发布自拍，是为了获得更好的正面评论和点赞，所以会对照片进行修饰。如果所有的人都做这样的事，随波逐流或避免被轻视，那么每个人看起来可能都一样。事实上，许多人无法实现他们的目标。因此作者建议，如果有必要，最好贴出真实的你，稍作修饰。
【详解】1.要点摘录
1.When you’re having fun with your friends, you take selfies. When you visit famous places, you take selfies. When you are in beautiful spots, you take selfies.
2.Instead of posting a photo you don’t like, you can turn to photo retouching. When you retouch an image, you improve its appearance. All in all, you can make yourself look like you wish you looked.
3.With so many people sharing personal images of their lives, it’s almost like a contest.
4.It seems like a lot of people are trying to match up to unrealistic beauty ideals. That isn’t good for anyone’s self-image.
5.Perhaps it’s time to post the real you and only lightly retouched, if at all.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5点整合。
3.遣词造句
It’s about selfies.
When you post them, you can use photo retouching to get better looks for positive comments and likes.
If all always do such things follow the crowd or avoid being despised, each may look identical.
Actually, many can not achieve their goals.
It is better to post real you with little retouching if necessary.
【点睛】[高分句型1] When you post them, you can use photo retouching to get better looks for positive comments and likes.运用一个when引导的时间状语从句，对第一、二和三段的内容进行了概括。when引导时间状语从句，for引导的表原因的状语等表达高级。
[高分句型2]：It is better to post real you with little retouching if necessary.用it作为形式主语，不定式作为真正的主语，对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 在场的人都觉得他说的话不能证明他是无辜的. (prove)(汉译英)
【答案】All present agreed that what he said couldn’t prove his innocence.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。表示“所有在场的人”用all present，作主语，present作后置定语；表示“同意”用动词agree，结合句子可知，本句表示发生在过去的动作，所以时态用一般过去时。所以谓语用agreed；表示“他说的话”用what he said，作宾语从句的主语；表示“不能证明”用couldn’t prove作宾语从句的谓语；表示“他的无辜”用his innocence作宾语从句的宾语；宾语从句的主谓宾齐全，所以连接主句谓语agreed和从句部分用从属连词that，故翻译为：All present agreed that what he said couldn’t prove his innocence.
53. 面对疫情，人人都要有防护意识和责任感，以防万一。 (in case of) (汉译英)
【答案】Faced with the pandemic, everybody should have the sense of prevention and responsibility in case of unexpected cases.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、情态动词+动词原形、动词短语和介词短语。“人人”表达为everybody，作主语，“面对疫情”表达为动词短语be faced with the pandemic，动词face与逻辑主语everybody之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，故表达为faced with the pandemic，作状语；“要”表达为情态动词should，后接动词原形；“有防护意识和责任感”表达为动词短语have the sense of prevention and responsibility；“以防万一”表达为介词短语in case of unexpected cases，作状语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Faced with the pandemic, everybody should have the sense of prevention and responsibility in case of unexpected cases.
54. 现在数字技术无处不在，据说未来学校也是基于数字技术和人工智能强大功能.(base) (汉译英)
【答案】Now, digital technology is everywhere. It is said that future schools are also based on the powerful function of digital technology and artificial intelligence.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，从句和短语。根据句意，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，表示“现在”应用now；表示“数字科技”应用digital technology；表示“到处”应用everywhere；表示“据说”应用句型“It is said that”；表示“未来的学校”应用future schools；表示“以……为基础”应用短语be based on，由于主语为复数故用are based on；表示“强大的功能”应用powerful function；表示“人工智能”应用artificial intelligence。故翻译为Now, digital technology is everywhere. It is said that future schools are also based on the powerful function of digital technology and artificial intelligence。
55. 难怪我同桌在试卷评析课上讲的头头是道，她每次课前准备都很充分的，这为她的不断发展做好了准备. (pave) (汉译英)
【答案】No wonder my deskmate can explain clearly and fluently in test paper analysis and evaluation class because she always makes good preparations before class, which paves the way for her gradual development.
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致和定语从句。分析所给中文提示词，本句应该用because引导的原因状语从句，以及which引导的非限制性定语从句，其中主句是“难怪我同桌在试卷评析课上讲的头头是道”，“难道”为固定搭配，做状语修饰整个句子译为“no wonder”，主语是“我的同桌”译为“my deskmate”，谓语是“讲”，根据句意应该用情态动词，故译为“can explain”，“头头是道”做状语修饰谓语，应译为“clearly and fluently”，“在试卷评析课上”做地点状语译为“in test paper analysis and evaluation class”，“她每次课前准备都很充分的”做原因状语，用because引导的原因状语从句，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，其中主语是“她”译为“she”，谓语动词是“准备”用固定搭配译为“makes good preparations”，“每次”做状语译为“always”，“课前”做时间状语译为“before class”，“这为她的不断发展做好了准备”是which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是之前的句子，在从句中做主语，谓语和宾语为“做好了准备”根据题干要求应用pave，主语是之前的整个句子，当作第三人称单数看待，时态用一般现在时，故用“paves the way ”，“为她的不断发展”做目的状语译为“for her gradual development”。故译为：No wonder my deskmate can explain clearly and fluently in test paper analysis and evaluation class because she always makes good preparations before class, which paves the way for her gradual development.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
随着数字技术的广泛使用，现在，学校里有些老师喜欢给学生布置线上作业，也有一些老师仍然喜欢布置线下作业，还有一些老师喜欢布置线上和线下混合式作业。作为一名高三学生，请你给老师写一封邮件，提出你关于作业方面的建议。邮件内容必须包括：
1.你觉得哪种作业形式更适合你们班级；
2.简单陈述你的理由，说明其利弊。
(文中不要出现真实姓名和学校名称)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mr. Hu,
I’m writing to express my opinion about the online homework. With the scientific development, the Internet is developing rapidly. Online homework will become a trend. Therefore, I think that online homework can be more suitable for our Senior Three students.
The contents and forms of online homework are relatively rich, which not only can promote students to actively complete their homework, but also can greatly relieve the tense learning atmosphere. Besides, online homework can shorten the time of teachers’ correcting homework so that they can help us with important learning problems, because senior three students need more help from teachers. Although online homework also has drawbacks, such as computer time, I think we can control ourselves as teenagers.
I hope my suggestions will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给老师写一封邮件，提出你关于线上作业和线下作业更适合自己班级的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
适用：be suitable for → apply to
积极地：actively → positively
此外：Besides → What’s more
有用：be helpful to → be beneficial to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to express my opinion about the online homework.
拓展句：I’m writing to express my opinion about the online homework, which I think is useful to our study.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The contents and forms of online homework are relatively rich, which not only can promote students to actively complete their homework, but also can greatly relieve the tense learning atmosphere. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Besides, online homework can shorten the time of teachers’ correcting homework so that they can help us with important learning problems, because senior three students need more help from teachers. (运用了so that引导的结果状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句)
听力答案:1-10 DCACB ADBDB11-20 ABABB ABACD

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