资源简介

(共40张PPT)
Grammar
现在分词作状语
When meeting guests, he often felt uneasy.
Not knowing her telephone number, I didn’t phone her.
Turning to the left, you’ll see a school.
The child fell off the tree, hitting his head against the ground.
时间
原因
条件
结果
Decide what kinds of adverbial each v-ing acts as.
… but as he stood trying to clear his head, he saw a cat.
2. The king takes the woman to his palace and marries her, not knowing that she is a wicked witch.
3. Hearing the exciting news, the boy jumped with joy.
4. Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.
5. Earning less money now, he lives more happily.
6. Travelling by jeep, he visited a number of cities.
7. His parents died in an accident, leaving him an orphan.
伴随
原因
时间
条件
让步
方式
结果
句型转换：
When he heard the news, he jumped with joy.
_________ the news, he jumped with joy.
2. As she was ill, she went home.
________ ill, she went home.
3. The girl came in and she smiled.
The girl came in ___________.
She sat at the desk and read a newspaper.
She sat at the desk _________ a newspaper.
Hearing
Being
smiling
reading
时间
原因
方式
伴随
现在分词作状语（adverbial)
现在分词和现在分词短语可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况。
V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。
需要注意的事项
1. V-ing 形式
　语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式
完成式
(not) doing
(not) being done
(not)
having done
(not)
having been done
*
Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the difficulties.
They stood there for an hour ,watching the game.
*
1.现在分词何时用一般形式
⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一般形式．
He walked in the field and he scented sweet smell.
=Walking in the feild, he scented sweet smell.
*
3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？
当分词的动作由主语承受，而且分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生时．
Being criticized by the employer, the new employee hung his head.
Having done：v-ing的完成式表主动
和完成
Having been done：v-ing的被动完成 式表被动和完成
此两形式均表示发生的动作比谓语动词表示的动作先发生
After he had studied English for three year,he could tell brief stories in English.
Having studied English for three year,he could tell brief stories in English.
*
4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？
当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，且分词表示的动作由主语承受．
Having been beaten by the farmer, the horse went away.
Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder.
_____ _______ ___ _______, he missed the first bus.
______ _____ ___ _______ ____ _______, he stood up.
_______ _______ ____ __________, he stopped to have a rest.
___ _______ _____ _____ ______, she didn’t know what he wanted.
没有早起，他错过了第一趟公共汽车。）
由于被要求回答这个问题，他站了起来。
已经完成了作业，他停下来休息。
没有与约翰谈过，她不知道他想要什么。
Not getting up early
Being asked to answer the question
Having finished his homework
Not having talked with John
2. 当分词的动作正在进行时，主句的动作发生了，用现在分词作状语，译作“当……时候”，前面可以加when或while.
When leaving the station, he waved again and again to me.
注意：
1、现在分词做时间状语时相当于一个时间状语从句，其前面可加when, while 等词(后跟延续性动词)；也可改写为“ on /upon + doing”形式(此时分词为瞬间动词)。
1.Standing by the road, Will saw a cat.
=While/When standing by the road, Will saw a cat.
2.Hearing today’s assignment, the students let out a cry of relief.
=On/Upon hearing today’s assignment, the students let out a cry of relief.
6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
= When he heard the news, he got frightened.
(时间, 可以在分词前保留when )
7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
结果
5. 当表示分词的动作一发生，主句的动作随之也发生时，可以使用“on＋动名词”的结构，翻译成“一……就……”, 能够用于这种用法的动词都是瞬间动词；如look, hear, see, open, close等。
Hearing the news, they couldn’t help jumping.
= On hearing the news, they couldn’t help jumping.
___ ________ the case, I saw the bird fly out of it.
一打开这个盒子，我看到有只鸟飞出来。
On opening
Finish activity 1 on p20, then answer the question.
On seeing her, the king immediately falls in love with her.
He marries her, not knowing who she really is.
Before leaving his kingdom, he calls his son to him.
After thinking about the situation, he decides to kill the witch himself.
While sitting by a pool, Ferdinand sees a frog.
What can you conclude from theses sentences
P20-21 Act. 2/3
3. 现在分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加once, although, though, until, if 等连词。
________(一旦) remembering the word, you will never forget it.
________ （虽然）being tired, he went on doing the work.
She didn’t recognize Tony, ______（直到）being greeted by him.
______（如果） turning left, you will find a supermarket.
Once
Although
until
If
4. 现在分词作状语时，根据需要可以在分词前加after, before等介词。
After taking a bath, he went to bed.
＝Having taken a bath, he went to bed.
Before having supper, he did his homework.
*
注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用分词替换
只有当分词和句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，才能用分词替换．
*
Before I came into the lab, the student had been seated.
Come into 的动作既不是students发出的也不是students承受，所以不能这样说
Coming into the lab, the students had been seated.
*
注意2：分词作状语时，分词和句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主谓关系
逻辑上的主谓关系即分词的动作由句子的主语发出或承受．
*
We are sitting here, making notes. make的动作由主语我们发出
Being scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head. Scold 的动作由the boy承受
*
注意3：如果分词和句子没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用单个的分词作状语，可以用分词的独立主格结构或状语从句．
1.从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。
判断下列句子的正（T）误(F):
Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. ( )
Hearing the news, she cried. ( )
Looking out through the window,the garden is beautiful. ( )
Looking out through the window,I found the garden beautiful. ( )
*
现在分词的独立结构为名词或代词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的逻辑主语
Time permitting, I’ll call on you this Sunday.
There being no money, he could buy nothing.
*
He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground.
Professor Zhang having finished the lecture, his driver drove him home.
Exercises:
Finding her car stolen, ________.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
D When she found her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.
2. _______ such heavy pollution already, the river may now be too late to clean up .
A. Having suffered B. Suffering
C. To suffer D. Suffered
A After/As it has suffered such heavy pollution already, the river may now
be too late to clean up .
3. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.
Not receiving
Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
C He hadn’t received a reply, so he decided to write again.
5. “Can’t you read ” Mary said, _______ to the notice.
angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
A Mary angrily pointed to the notice and said, “Can’t you read ” .
6. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes
C. Made D. to make
A European football is played in 80 countries, and this makes it the most popular sport in the world.
1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
______ ___________ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
Rewrite the following sentences.
When
approaching
2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.
The person _________ ___ ______can speak seven languages.
translating
the
songs
3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language.
The boy ____ __ ________ there is reading a book about body language.
who
is
standing
5. She sat at the desk and did her homework.
She sat at the desk---------------
doing her homework
Grammar work 语法专练
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Not ________(know) his address, I couldn’t go to see him yesterday.
2. Look out(小心） for cars when ___________(cross) the street.
3. Not _________________ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.
knowing
crossing
having been invited
4. He dived into the water, _______ (leave) only his face exposed(暴露）.
5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned(别在） to the door, ________ (read写着)
“Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”
6. _______ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.
7. _______________ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.
leaving
reading
Taking
Having closed
1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it.
2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.
3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.
4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.
Not having
working
Seeing
speaking
单句改错

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