资源简介

(共25张PPT)
译林版·八年级下册
Unit 1 Past and present
Grammar
1. To master the structure and basic usage of present perfect tense(PPT).
（掌握现在完成时的基本结构、用法。）
2. To learn the rules of forming the past participle of verbs.
（学习动词的过去分词变化规则。）
3. To learn some time expressions usually used in PPT.
（学习常用在现在完成时里的时间表达方式。）
Learning aims
(1).I've lived here since I was born.
(2).Have you ever moved house
(3).Has the town changed a lot over the years
(4).The government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.
(5).However, most of my old friends have moved away.
Read the following sentences.
How long has Mr. Chen lived in Sunshine Town
2. Can Mr. Chen see his old friends as often as before
He has lived here since he was born.
No. Because most of his old friends have moved away.
Ask and answer
have + done(动词过去分词)
present perfect tense
I've just eaten it.
You've changed.
We have lived here since then.
Have you seen my food？
Have you ever moved house
Has the town changed a lot over the years
···
···
More examples
Try to find more sentences with "have/ has+ done" in the book.
Think
以上的句子都用了_____________.
句子中的_____ 和_____由主语确定。
谓语动词用____________.
它的结构是______________________________.
现在完成时
have
has
过去分词
have/has+动词的过去分词
这里的have、has不是有的意思，它是和后面的过去分词构成现在完成时，它具有助动词的特性。
I have lived here since I was born.
Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.
I have already read this book many times.
表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
表示过去发生，并对现在有一定影响的动作。
表示某事直到现在发生了许多次。
Read the following sentences and understand
the meaning of the present perfect tense.
现在完成时的含义
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
现在完成时的基本结构
（1）肯定句：
I/We/You/They + 助动词have + p.p(过去分词）+其它。
He/She/It + 助动词has + p.p(过去分词）+其它。
e.g.
We ______________ Xiao Caiqi. (know）
She ______________very popular now. （become)
have known
has become
现在完成时的基本结构
（2）否定句：
e.g.
Mr Chen ____________ to any other city yet. ( not move）
The snow _____________ yet. ( not melt融化）
hasn’t moved
I/We/You/They+have not / haven’t +p.p(过去分词）+其它。
He/She/It +has not / hasn’t +p.p(过去分词）+其它。
hasn’t melted
(3)一般疑问句及回答
---Have+I/you/we/they+p.p(过去分词）+其它？
---Yes, I/you/we/they have.
---No, I/you/we/they haven’t.
---Has +she/he/it+p.p(过去分词） +其它？
---Yes, she/he/it has.
---No, she/he/it hasn’t.
e.g.
1. ---_______ you ever_______ Xiao Caiqi before (meet）
2.---______ she __________very popular recently （become)
Have met
---No, I haven’t
Has become
---Yes, She has
Most verbs +ed finish → finished
Verbs ending in -e +d change → changed
Verbs ending in a consonant + y -y +ied carry → carried
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant double the consonant +ed stop → stopped
We form the past participles of regular verbs by adding -ed, just as what we do to form the simple past tense of these verbs.
We form the past participles of irregular verbs differently.
Here are some examples.
No change come→come hurt → hurt
Change the vowel hold → held win → won
Change the consonant lend→lent build → built
Change the vowel(s) and the consonant(s) catch →caught keep→ kept
forget→ forgotten tell→ told
Others be→ been have→ had
fall→ fallen fly→ flown
draw→ drawn see→ seen
The table below shows more examples of the past participles of verbs.
visit
repair
live
move
try
study
fit
plan
visited
repaired
lived
moved
tried
studied
fitted
planned
Base form Past participle
Base form Past participle
hit
put
meet
make
sell
give
write
think
hit
put
met
made
sold
given
written
thought
现在完成时的时间状语
already 肯定句，表示 “已经”,
ever 疑问句，表示“曾经”，
for 肯定句/否定句/疑问句，表示一段时间
just 肯定句，表示“刚刚”，
never 否定句，表示 “从不”，
recently 肯定句/否定句/疑问句，表示 “最近”可用于句首，句中或句末。
since 肯定句/否定句/疑问句，表示 “自……以后”
yet 疑问句/否定句,表示 “已经” 或 “还没有”
用所给的时间副词填空。
already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recently
1.Have you learned English _____a long time
2.He has done ________ his homework.
3.-Did you see our teacher just now
-Yes,she has _________ gone to the office.
4.-Have you______ been to Hainan Island
-No,I have _____ _ been there.
5.He has had a cold ______ he came here.
6.I haven't heard from my friends_____.
7.They have stayed at home_________.
8.Simon has lived here _______ last year.
9.-Have you finished your homewor ______
-Yes,I have.I have ________ finished it.
10.I have been in this city______ nearly two years.
for
already
just
ever
never
since
yet
recently
since
yet
already
for
课堂检测
A short test
Mr Wu wants the students to practise using the present perfect tense. Help them write the past participles of the verbs below.
borrow plan say
hope cry grow
make send hit
get watch enjoy
borrowed
hoped
made
gotten
planned
cried
sent
watched
said
grown
hit
enjoyed
Mr Wu asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense. Help them complete the sentences.
1. They _____________ (finish) their homework already.
2. John ____ never ______ (visit) China.
3. Mr Li ____________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.
4. We ____________ (not see) each other for years.
have finished
has visited
has repaired
haven’t seen
5. My parents _____________ (not come) back yet.
6. Our teacher __________ (teach) us a lot about the history of China.
haven’t come
has taught
Millie and Sandy are talking about a film about the history of Beijing.
Complete their conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Millie: ______ you _____ (see) any films recently, Sandy
Sandy: No, I haven’t. What about you
Millie: I _____ (see) one last Saturday.
Sandy: What’s it about
Have seen
saw
Millie: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I ____________ (learn) more about Beijing’s past and present.
Sandy: Oh, I think I __________ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again
Millie: Yes, I’d like to.
have learnt
have heard
一、写出下列词的过去分词
1. be_____________ 2. become___________
3. begin__________ 4. blow_____________
5. build___________ 6. choose___________
7. cost____________ 8. do_______________
9. drink___________ 10. eat______________
11. drive__________ 12. fall______________
13. fly____________ 14. forget____________
fallen
forgotten
flown
become
begun
built
cost
done
been
chosen
blown
drunk
eaten
driven
课堂检测
1.Have you done your homework ______ (for, just, yet)
2.I have _______ been to Chengdu. (ever, never, yet)
3.He has _______ washed the dishes. (already, ever, for)
4.Have you cleaned your room _______ (for, just, yet)
5.Have you ______ ridden a horse (ever, for, yet)
6.They have ______ arrived. (ever, just, yet)
7.We have not completed the project _______.
(already, for, yet)
yet
never
already
yet
ever
just
yet
课堂检测
1.I ___________ (do) my homework already.
2.He ________________(not finished) his homework yet.
3.______you ever _____(be) to Beijing
4.We ______ never ______ (see) such an exciting match before.
5.Mother _____ just _______(clean) the house. Please don’t come in.
6.They _____________(practice) this dialogue twice.
have done
has not finished
Have
been
have
seen
has
cleaned
have practiced
用现在完成时态完成下面的句子：
课堂检测
按要求改写句子。
1.I have already worked out this math problem (改为否定句)
I ______ worked out the math problem______.
2 .He has already finished the book.(改一般疑问句并做回答)
______he _________the book______ Yes, he______. No, he ______.
4 .I have got a book. (改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答)
______you _______a book Yes, I ______.No, I ______
5.He has got a book. (改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答)
______he ______a book yes, he ______.No, he______.
haven’t
yet
Has
finished
yet
has
hasn’t
Have
got
have
haven’t
Has got
has
hasn’t
课堂检测
谢谢
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