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(共43张PPT)
The past perfect passive
过去完成时被动语态
What can you see from the following sentences
1) By the time the tornado ended, more
than 700 people had been killed.
2) Coghlan travelled back to Canada after
he had been buried in Texas.
过去完成时被动语态：动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成, 且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导时间状语。
1. 过去完成时被动语态的肯定结构：had
been+过去分词。
e.g. The classroom had been cleaned
before the teacher came.
老师进来前教室就已经被打扫干净
了。
2. 过去完成时被动语态的否定结构：
had not been+过去词。
e.g. The classroom hadn’t been
cleaned before the teacher came.
老师进来前教室还没被打扫干净
呢。
3. 过去完成时被动语态的疑问句结
构: had+主语+been+过去分词。
e.g. Had a new school been set up
by the end of last year
去年年底是建了一所新学校
吗？
Choose the correct tense and voice to complete each sentence.
Example: the survivors of the earthquake were the ones who stayed (stay) in the village until the earthquake had finished (finish).
1. After the hurricane, Mary ___ (see) that the roof of her house ________________ (disappear).
2. She ________ (return) home and ______ (find) all her furniture _______________ (ruin) by the flood.
saw
had disappeared
returned
found
had been ruined
3. Arthur was surprised when he ________ (arrive) home because the tornado _________ (take) the feathers off his chickens.
arrived
had taken
4. We _____ (leave) the house when the thunderstorm ___________ (finish).
left
had finished
5. He _____ (try) to drive back to his home before the flood ______ (pass) through the village.
tried
passed
Complete these sentences with the verbs from the box. Use the past perfect passive, if necessary.
destroy die fall flood kill
1. After the earthquake, they discovered
that several people
_______________________.
had been killed / had died
2. When the hurricane ended, several
buildings in the town ___________
_____________________________.
3. His village _____________________
_____________ in the heavy rain, so
he moved to his parents’ house.
had been destroyed / had fallen down
had been flooded / had been destroyed
4. When she woke up, she found that her house ___________________ by the thunderstorm.
5. Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals _____________________ _______.
had been destroyed
had died / had been killed
1. – The window is dirty.
– I know. It ____ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned
B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned
D. hasn’t been cleaned
高考链接
2. More patients ____ in hospital this year than last year.
　A. treated
B. have treated
C. had been treated
D. have been treated
3. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ____ increased enormously ever since.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. had been
4. – How long ____ at this job
– Since 2009.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you employed
直接引语:直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内。(direct speech)
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。
(indirect speech)
A. 1. He said, “I lost the bag.”
2. He said that he had lost the bag.
B. 1. “Do you want to take part in the
sports meeting ” asked the teacher.
仔细观察A、B、C三组句子, 注意总结它们的变化规则。
2. The teacher asked me if / whether
I wanted to take part in the sports
meeting.
C. 1. “When will you go fishing ” Jane
asked her father.
2. Jane asked her father when he
would go fishing.
【总结归纳】
上面三组句子中的第一句是直接引语, 第二句是间接引语, 它们可以相互转化, 转化后的间接引语常常是宾语从句, 引导词有如下特征：
组 别 直接引语 间接引语引导词
A 陈述句 that (可省略)
B 一般疑问句 if / whether
C 特殊疑问句 wh- / how
1) 直接引语为陈述句时, 变为间接引语,
要用that引导的宾语从句。如：
“The storm was extremely violent,” said a local man.
A local man said that the storm had been extremely violent.
2) 直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语,
要用if/whether引导宾语从句, 并将原来
的疑问语序变为陈述语序。如：
The teacher asked, “is everybody here
today ”
The teacher asked if everybody was here that day.
3) 直接引语为特殊疑问句, 变为间接引语,
用原来的疑问词引导从句, 并将疑句语序变为陈述语序。如：
“What shall I do next ” the girl wondered.
The girl wondered what she should do next.
4) 直接引语为祈使句, 变为间接引语, 一般用以下结构: order/tell/ask sb. (not) to do。如：
The headmaster said, “don’t litter the floor with scraps of paper.”
The headmaster told us not to litter the floor with scraps of paper.
5) 直接引语变为间接引语时, 宾语从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要作相应变化。
① 人称的变化:
遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。即: 直接引语中的第一人称在变成间接引语时, 要和原句中的主语保持一致;
直接引语中的第二人称在变成间接引语时, 要和原句中的宾语保持一致; 直接引语中的第三人称在变成间接引语时, 保持不变。
变化项目 直接引语 间接引语
时态变化 一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去进行时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去将来时
过去完成时
②时态的变化
变化项目 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this
these
时间状语 now
today, tonight
this week/month…
that
those
then
that day, that night
that week / month …
③ 指示代词/时间状语/地点状语等的变化
yesterday
ten days/weeks…ago
tomorrow/next year..
地点状语 here
方向性 动词 come
bring
the day before
ten days … before
the next day/year…
there
go
take
1. 当直接引语强调的是客观事实或真
理, 变为间接引语时, 从句中的时态
不变。如：
Mr. Wang said, “The earth travels
around the sun.” →
Mr. Wang said (that) the earth
travels around the sun.
【温馨提示】
2. 当直接引语中有表示过去的具体的时
间状语时, 变为间接引语时, 从句中
的谓语时态可以不变。如：
She said, “I was born in 1995.” →
She said (that) she was born in 1995.
另外, 如果在当地或者当天转述, 时间
状语、地点状语、动词需不需要发生
变化, 这要看当时的语境来确定。
1. Linda said, “I’m meeting David for
dinner.”
Linda said (that) she ____ ________
David for dinner.
was meeting
Exercises
I. Fill in the blanks according the
sentences.
2. Bill said, “I forgot to pay my
electricity bill.”
Bill said (that) he ______ __ to pay
his electricity bill.
3. I asked Jack, “Do you know the
caller’s name ”
I asked Jack _______ __ _____ ____
_______ ______.
forgot to
whether he knew the
caller’s name
4. The teacher asked him, “Why were you
late yesterday ”
The teacher asked him ____ ___ ____
____ ____ ____ _______.
5. “Don’t make so much noise, boys,” the
teacher said.
The teacher told the boys ___ __ _____
so much noise.
why he was late the day before
not to make
Volcanic eruption don’t happen very often on the island.
A scientist said that ________________
_________________________________
______________.
II. Rewrite the sentences using the
reporting expressions.
volcanic eruptions didn’t happen very often on the island
2. No one was on the island during the volcanic eruption.
A local journalist said that __________
_________________________________
_________________________________.
no one was / had been on the island during the volcanic eruptions
3. The thunderstorm will put out the fires. Local people said that _______________
________________________.
the thunderstorm would put out the fires
4. The residents can go back to their
homes.
The governor said that ____________
_____________________________.
the residents could go back to their homes
5. Several eruptions have taken place in
the last twenty years.
A local radio station said that ______
_______________________________
_____________________.
several eruptions had taken place in the previous twenty years
6. The residents will travel back to the
island when the danger is over.
A local journalist said that _______
_______________________________
_______________________.
the residents would travel back to the island when the danger was over
1. Remember the rules in the lesson.
2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.
Thank you！

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