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8B被动语态知识点总结
翻译为“……被/由……来做”
基本结构：be done
一，主动形式表示被动意义
Read, sell, translate, wash, write等动词，用来说明主语的性质，而不是强调被执行的动作时，用主动形式表达被动意义，且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly等副词连用。
Eg: The books sell well.
The poem translates well.
Weigh, measure, cost, last, break down, take place, happen等状态动词或不及物动词虽然汉语有被动含义，但英语要用主动形式。
Eg: The meeting lasted two hours.
What happened to him last night
感官动词用主动形式表达被动意义。
Eg: The bamboo chair feels cool.
在need, require, want, worth(adj.）后的名词必须用主动形式。
Eg: The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired.
The book is worth reading.
Easy, difficult, hard, heavy等用于说明主语性质特征时，表语形容词后面，所跟的不定式用主动形式表达被动意义，该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。
Eg: What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.
The schoolbag seemed heavy to carry.
The water in the river is unfit to drink.
介词in, on, under+n.构成的介词短语表被动。
Eg: The house facing the lake is in the possession of Jim.
The house facing the lake is possessed by Jim.
The question is under discussion.
A lot of shoes are on show.
There be句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含义不同。
Eg: There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)
现在没事情干。
There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing.)
现在没什么办法。
There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)
没有东西值得看。
There is nothing to be seen.
看不见有什么东西。
二，注意：
不及物动词+介词成为及物动词，变被动语态时介词有时省略。
Eg: He was laughed at by the students.
Belong to没有被动语态。
表达使某物被别人……，通常用have或get+sth.+done表示(have sth. done让……事被他人做)
Eg: I can’t see the blackboard very well.
Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.
Eg: He ordered the work to be started at once.
表示拥有和所有的词没有被动语态，get作系动词，可代替be，后接过去分词表示被动，have无此功能。
Eg: have mixed up 已经混淆
get mixed up 被混淆

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