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(共36张PPT)
八年级下 Unit 1 Past and present
Grammar-Task 课件
现在完成时的含义
1. 从过去开始，持续到现在。
2. 过去发生的动作对现在有影响。
3. 这个动作多次进行。
I have worked here since I left school.
Eddie has just eaten Hobo's food.
(Eddie ate the food, and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)
I have already read this novel many times.
谓语动词形式
（have/has + 动词过去分词）
现在完成时的肯定句
I have left.
She has left.
主语
谓语（have/has + 过去分词）
Tom and Jane have left.
注意是否三单
主语是三单，用has+过去分词
现在完成时的否定句
I have not left.
She hasn’t left.
主语
have/has not
Tom and Jane haven’t left.
否定词not放在have/has后，可以缩写为haven’t/hasn’t
过去分词
现在完成时的一般疑问句
Have you left？
Has she left？
Have/Has
主语
Have Tom and Jane left？
肯定句的主语和have/has调换位置变一般疑问句
过去分词
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
Yes, they have. / No, they have’t.
现在完成时的特殊疑问句
What have you done
What has she done
特殊疑问词
have/
has
What have Tom and Jane done
在一般疑问句的结构上句前加上特殊疑问词
主语
过去分词
现在完成时的标志词
Eddie has eaten Hobo's food .
just, already, never
since/for + 时间
时间状语：since then, over the years, before, recently, over the past century, over the past two hours
Has Eddie eaten Hobo's food
ever
yet
不同的标志词所处位置不一样
还可以用于否定句，放于句末
过去分词的变化规则
大部分动词
+ ed
finish
ed
以e结尾的动词
+ d
change
以y结尾的动词
把y改为i + ed
carry
以重读闭音节结尾的动词
双写最后一个字母 + ed
stop
d
ied
ped
不规则变化
AAA型 hit-hit-hit
AAB型 beat-beat-beaten
ABA型 come-came-come
ABB型 spend-spent-spent
ABC型 do-did-done
Complete the sentences.
6 Our teacher _______________ (teach) us a lot about
the history of China.
1 They _______________ (finish) their homework already.
2 John ______ never ______ (visit) China.
3 Mr Li _______________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.
4 We _______________ (not see) each other for years.
5 My parents _______________ (not come) back yet.
have finished
has
visited
has repaired
haven’t seen
haven’t come
has taught
用所给单词的正确形式填空
6．They _____________ (cut) down too many trees since 2010.
7．Someone has ________ (wash) my shoes, so they are very clean.
8．I’ve lost my schoolbag. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere
9．________ you ________ (find) your pet dog yet
10．Everything has ________ (change) in my hometown.
have cut
washed
Have
seen
Have
found
changed
用所给单词的正确形式填空
11．She has ________ (make) a model plane since 2 hours ago.
12．Jenny is still doing her homework. She _____________ (not finish) it yet.
13．Has your father __________________ (reach) Hong Kong yet
14．________ you ________ (check) your homework yet
15．My grandparents ___________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years.
made
hasn’t finished
reached
Have
checked
haven’t been
含义
持续
影响
多次
Summary
过去分词变化规则
大部分动词直接加ed
以e结尾的动词直接加d
以y结尾的动词，改y为i
以重读闭音节结尾的动词
不规则变化
Summary
四大句型
肯定句：主语+have/has + 过去分词 + ...
否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 ...
一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...
Summary
标志词
肯定句
一般疑问句
句中
句末
句中
句末
already, never, since, for
ever
yet
since then, over the years, before, recently, over the past century, over the past two hours
Summary
environment
transport
condition
return
last
n. 环境
n. 交通车辆，运输工具
n. 环境，条件，状况
vi. 返回
adv. 最近，上一次；最后
Vocabulary
abroad
primary
communicate
communication
exactly
narrow
adv. 到(在)国外
adj. 小学教育的;初级的
vi. & vt. 交流，交际
n. 交流，交际
adv. (答语)正是，没错
adj. 狭窄的
→ _________________ n.
communication
→ __________________ v.
communicate
→ ____________ adj.
exact
Vocabulary
living conditions
near the lake
green hills
modern down
railway station
居住环境
湖的附近
青山
现代城镇
火车站
Vocabulary
in the past
tall buildings
local people
most of
move into
在过去
高楼建筑
当地人们
大部分
搬进
Vocabulary
return from
go abroad with
keep in touch with
make communication much easier
be/get used to doing sth
从 ... 返回
和 ... 出国
和某人保持联系
使交流简单得多
习惯于，适应于
Vocabulary
1．他感到很担心，他似乎还没有习惯在公开场合演讲。
He feels worried. It seems that he ________ ________ ________ ________ speaking in public.
2．你通常如何和你的父母亲交流？
How do you usually ___________ ____________ your parents
3．我那个时候仍然上小学。
I was still________________then.
doesn’t get used to
communicate with
in primary school
Complete the sentences
4．微信使交流容易得多了。
The WeChat _________ _________ _________ _________.
5．你离开后，要确保与我联系。
Be sure________ ________ _________ ________ _________ _________ while you are away.
makes communication much easier
to keep in touch with me
Past
Environment: green (1) ______,
clean and fresh (2) ______, wild (3) ______ near the lake
Transport: bus and (4) _______
Living conditions: old (5) _____
Complete the information below about Starlight Town in the past.
hills
birds
air
bicycle
houses
Present
Environment: smaller (1) ______, new (2) ______ station, tall
(3) ______ and new roads
Transport: bus, taxi and (4) ______
Living conditions: new (5) ______
Listen to the rest of their conversation and complete the information abouttoday's Starlight Town.
lakes
railway
building
train
flats
air bicycle birds buildings flats
hills houses modern railway taxi
13 February
Dear Diary,
Today I borrowed a book about Starlight Town's past and present. Starlight Town was very beautiful years ago. There were green (1) ______ and wild (2) ______ near the lake. The (3) ______ was clean and fresh then.
hills
birds
air
Complete her diary entry on the next page with the words in the box.
Now it has become a (4) ______ town. There is a new (5) ______ station. There are some new roads too. Feople can now travel to and from the town by bus, (6) ______ or train, but in the past, people could only travel by bus or (7) ______.
modern
railway
taxi
bicycle
air bicycle birds buildings flats
hills houses modern railway taxi
Complete her diary entry on the next page with the words in the box.
Another big change is the many tall (8) ______ in the town. Local people used to live in old (9) ______ but now, most of them have moved into new (10) ______.
Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years. I hope I can visit itagain.
building
houses
flats
air bicycle birds buildings flats
hills houses modern railway taxi
Complete her diary entry on the next page with the words in the box.
there be 句型
There is a new library.
There was a new library in my hometown.
There
be
某物
某处
该句型表示某处有某物
注意时态
There is much rubbish in the park.
不可数名词和可数名词单数be动词用is/was
强调地点时要写上
there be 句型
There are many new restauants in my hometown.
There were green hills and wild birds in the mountins.
There are green hills and wild birds.
There
be
某物
某处
注意时态
可数名词的复数前面be动词用are/were
就近原则：there be 句型
There is a clock, a pencil and two books on the desk.
There is some bread and tomatoes in the box.
There are many trees and much snow in the park.
There
be
某物
某处
句中有多个不同数量的名词，be的形式以最靠近的名词数量为准
Exercise
1．There ________ a lot of pollution in the world.
A．have B．has C．is D．are
2．There ________ a clock and four pictures on the wall.
A．has B．have C．is D．are
3．Long long ago, there _________ three foxes and they lived a happy life together. A．have B．has C．are D．were
4．There ________ many boys in the classroom.
A．is B．am C．are D．be
5．—What’s in the picture
—________ a teacher and some students.
A．There are B．There is C．These are D．This is
6．It is so cold today that there ________ thick ice on the lake.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
7．There ________ two monkeys, an elephant, and three snakes in the zoo.
A．be B．are C．is D．am
1. 有一个新的火车站。
There is a new railway station.
2. 湖边有青山和野鸟。
There were green hills and wild birds near the lake.
Complete the sentences.
1.月光镇这些年变化很大。
Many changes ______ ______ ______ in Moonlight Town over the years.
2.过去小镇上仅有一些又窄又脏的公路。
In the past, there were only ______ ______ ______ roads in the small town.
3.这家工厂垃圾到处都是。
There was ________ _____________ in this factory.
4.政府在一些空地建造了许多大楼。
The government ______ ______ many tall buildings in some ______ ______.
narrow and dirty
rubbish everywhere
has built
open spaces
have taken place
Complete the sentences.
5.他们过去在空闲时间常常听收音机。
They ______ _____ ______ ______ ____ ______in their free time.
6.现在移动电话让交流更容易。
Mobile phones ______ _______________ _______now.
7.真的不容易去习惯于生活快速地变化。
It is not easy to ______ ______ ______ the changes of life quickly.
8.我现在自己独自坐公交车上学。
Now I go to school by bus ______ ______ ______.
used to listen to the radio
Make communication easier
on my own
get used to
Three parts:
1.Introduction(介绍):topic
2.Main body(主体): Environment, Life,Transport
3.Conclusion(结论):opinion
What tense should we use
Think of some useful words and expressions.
Comparison(对比说明文)
Writing
Thank you!

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