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按秘密级事项管理★启用前
2022—2023 学年高一下学期开学考试英语试卷（新高考）（山东版）
笔试
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Poland is known for food that is rich in meat. But as in many countries across the world, recent years have seen a rise in plant-based living. If you’re a vegetarian traveller in Gdańsk looking for some meat-free options, make sure to pay these restaurants a visit!
Pierogarnia Mandu
A trip to Gdańsk would be incomplete without pierogi, dumplings containing sweet fillings. They’re the ultimate Polish comfort food! This restaurant specializes in pierogi. You’ll also get to watch the pierogi being made in full view of the restaurant. It’s worth booking in advance as it’s very popular.
Avocado Vegan Bistro
It is a small, comfortable cafe with a menu that includes classics like dumplings as well as daily specials. It can get pretty busy, so you may have to choose for takeaway rather than eating in, but the food is fresh and tasty. There is also a great selection of vegan (严格素食主义者) cakes and desserts to choose from, so it’s worth a visit even if you’ve already eaten.
Zakwasownia
Also in Wrzeszcz is Zakwasownia, a vegan organic restaurant. The menu is not huge, but you can expect quality rather than quantity with dishes. There is a lot of attention to detail in the way that dishes are plated, creating a dining experience that feels a little fancy — perfect for a date night or a special occasion. There is also a children’s menu, so it’s family friendly, too.
Manna 68
Also in the Old Town is Manna 68, an only vegan restaurant. The menu is varied. Its central location makes it a perfect pit stop (短暂休息) after a day of exploring the streets of the Old Town. That also means it’s a little pricier, but for quality food, friendly service and a comfortable atmosphere, it’s worth it.
1. What can travelers experience in Pierogarnia Mandu
A. Choose for takeaway. B. Buy free comfort food.
C. Make dumplings with families. D. Enjoy the process of making dumplings.
2. Which restaurant suits a young couple with a kid
A. Manna 68. B. Zakwasownia.
C. Pierogarnia Mandu. D. Avocado Vegan Bistro.
3. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A textbook. B. An art magazine.
C. A travel brochure. D. An academic article.
B
Shirley Raines makes the homeless community in Los Angeles’s skid row (贫民区) neighborhood feel human. She is the founder of Beauty 2 The Streetz, a nonprofit that provides free food, clothing, hair, and makeup services to the homeless. And Shirley is now the CNN Hero of the Year!
In 1990, Raines’ 2-year-old son Demetrius passed away from accidental poisoning while at his grandma’s house. This event created a lot of pain for Shirley Raines. The pain lasted for many years. And she did not know what to do about it. She struggled to understand what her purpose was in life. Until one day ...
Six years ago, Shirley visited skid row with a friend from church who asked her to volunteer. She met a lot of homeless people and realized how much help they needed. Not just in finding a home, but in finding themselves and their own worth and beauty.
Shirley started to volunteer each Saturday. As she got to know the homeless, they often praised her makeup, hair, and style. She started to offer to “make up” the homeless. They loved it, she loved it, they loved her and she loved them. She found purpose. So she started an outdoor beauty salon to serve the homeless, which took most of her spare time.
Raines started sharing her efforts on Instagram with photos and even live-streaming some of her events. Things took off. She formed her nonprofit, Beauty 2 The Streetz, and her followers quickly began donating to grow Shirley’s impact. Her followers grew to over 200,000 people, including many beauty professionals such as licensed hairstylists, barbers, make-up artists. Many of them regularly donate money to keep the services rolling. Others donate their time to help Shirley serve the homeless.
Shirley’s boldness, caring, courage, consistency (连贯性), and desire to take action have led to making a real impact on people’s lives. And she also served as a role model and inspiration to others.
4. What do we know about Beauty 2 The Streetz
A. It is formed by Shirley and other kind people.
B. It aims to serve the homeless in several ways.
C. It records some of Shirley’s photos and events.
D. It is a government organization that helps the homeless.
5. What did Shirley mainly do to help the homeless
A. Find them homes.
B. Help them make up.
C. Donate money to them.
D. Share their lives on Instagram.
6. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Shirley’s impact on her community.
B. The ways in which people help Shirley.
C. How Shirley founded Beauty 2 The Streetz.
D. The growing impact of Beauty 2 The Streetz.
7. Which words can best describe Shirley
A. Brave and bright. B. Selfless and caring.
C. Selfless and independent. D. Ambitious and determined.
C
Whether it’s a tricky maths problem or an unexpected bill, life is full of stressful experiences. Now researchers have found that humans produce a different odour (气味) when under pressure and dogs can sniff it out.
While previous studies have suggested dogs might pick up on human emotions, possibly through smell, questions remained over whether they could detect (察觉) stress and if this could be done through scent.
Writing in the journal Plos One, Clara Wilson, a PhD student at Queens University Belfast and the first author of the research, and her colleagues report how they first constructed a stand bearing three containers, each topped by a lid with holes. The researchers were able to train four dogs to point out the container that was holding a particular breath and sweat sample taken at a different time of day, even when the lineup included unused gauze (纱布).
With the team confident that the dogs understood the approach, they turned to breath and sweat samples from 36 people who had been asked to count backwards from 9,000 in units of 17. The participants reported feeling stressed by the task and for the 27 who carried it out in the lab, their blood pressure and heart rate rose.
The dogs were taught to pick out samples taken just after the task from a lineup that included two containers holding unused gauze. The researchers then tested whether the dogs could do the same when the lineup included not only unused gauze but samples taken from the same participant just before the task, when they were more relaxed. Each set of samples was shown to a single dog in 20 trials. The results show that the dogs chose the “stressed” sample in 675 out of the 720 trials.
“It was pretty amazing to see them be so confident in telling me ‘nope, these two things definitely smell different’,” said Wilson. While it was unclear what chemicals the dogs were picking up on, the study shows humans produce a different odour when stressed. Wilson said it was possible that even untrained pet dogs might detect changes in odour when a human became stressed.
8. What did dogs detect human emotions by according to previous studies
A. Smell. B. Taste.
C. Expression. D. Hearing.
9. Why did the researchers use three containers at first
A. To have the dogs more confused.
B. To hold the breath more stably.
C. To let the dogs know the approach.
D. To increase the reliability of containers.
10. What’s the attitude of Clara Wilson towards the result of the test
A. Doubtful. B. Convinced.
C. Indifferent. D. Negative.
11. Which may be the best title for the text
A. Your Smell Will Change When You Feel Nervous
B. Dogs Know Why You Are Relaxed
C. Your Emotional State Can Be Detected by Odour
D. Dogs Can Sniff out When You Are Stressed
D
The UK’s largest and most advanced robotics centre, the National Robotarium, opened on Sep. 28th, 2022 in Edinburgh, is aimed to be a world-leading centre for robotics and artificial intelligence. It’s hosted by Heriot-Watt University and the University of Edinburgh and received 21 million in funding from the UK government as well as 1.4 million from the Scottish government.
Stewart Miller, the chief executive of the National Robotarium has said that society needs to prepare for the increased integration (融合) of robots but shouldn’t fear the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). He told Sky News that “Necessarily there will be more robots in everybody’s life. They’ll be helping you at home, when you go out shopping, when you go to a hotel, they’ll serve you, when you go to a theatre, everything. And in your working life.”
Internationally, some scientists have expressed concerns over rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence. A new survey of researchers from the New York University Centre for Data Science found that more than a third (36%) of respondents that had published recent papers in the field thought that AI could produce catastrophic outcomes in this century, “on the level of all-out nuclear war”.
Mr. Miller said, “The thing to remember is that we, the humans, are in control. We decide how far it goes and doesn’t go”. He added, “A lot of people have already been working on making sure the software sitting behind AI has safeguards built into it.” To make sure that, particularly when it’s running on a robotic platform, it can’t do any harm or at least we make sure it does as minimal harm as we possibly can. So those kinds of safeguards will be built in by the engineers. “We will have to put safeguards in place and make sure we have good controls around it, because artificial intelligence is a very powerful technology. But I think it has more things to bring that will be good than we have to worry about.”
12. What can we learn about AI from paragraph 2
A. It brings fear to the whole society.
B. It takes place of human labour.
C. It helps human in many ways.
D. It’s generally applied to service industry.
13. What does the underlined word “catastrophic” mean in paragraph 3
A. Disastrous. B. Dramatic.
C. Surprising. D. Promising.
14. What measures have been taken to avoid the threat from AI
A. Hiring safeguards.
B. Setting up a security website.
C. Purchasing security systems.
D. Putting security software in place.
15. What’s the text mainly about
A. Security defense of artificial intelligence.
B. No need to worry about artificial intelligence.
C. Wide application of artificial intelligence.
D. No need to depend more on artificial intelligence.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you have days when you can’t help but feel like something is missing It’s almost like a tiny voice is reminding you to make full use of your ability. That means telling you to become the best version (版本) of yourself. 16
● Set goals. If you don’t have either a list of your short-term or long-term goals, you’d better start thinking and writing them down. Think of goals as more like a roadmap leading to your final destination, which is becoming your best version. 17 It means specific, measurable, attainable (可实现的), relevant, and time-bound.
● 18 Someone who hates himself/herself can never become his/her best version because he/she is yet to fully understand their identity. Quit shying away from who you are and embrace (拥抱) every part of you, including your weaknesses. There is only one YOU in the world, so show yourself the most love.
● Don’t be scared to try new things. In life, there are two types of people: the ones who try and the ones who don’t try. Trust us, you don’t want to be part of the latter. Try to open yourself to exploring new opportunities because only then can you be able to discover yourself and know what your best version of yourself might be. 19
● Surround yourself with a good circle. 20 Sometimes, what you think is the best version might not be until you change your circle. For example, you wish to one day live a peaceful and successful life, yet you surround yourself with wrongdoers. It is highly doubtful that you will get to attain that goal because the people around you are going to keep holding you down.
A. Love yourself.
B. Work towards it.
C. Accept your shortcomings.
D. Every goal you set must be SMART.
E. Here are some tips to become the best version of yourself.
F. As we know, you are as good as the people you hang out with.
G. Understand yourself fully, or people around you may affect you.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Eleven days ago my brother was in an accident. We do not really know the full story, only knowing that he was on an electric scooter (电瓶车) and flew off, landing on his 21 . He had a head injury and we had no idea if he was going to 22 . Twenty years ago we lost our mom to a head injury so it was really 23 because I know what the worst can be.
My partner and I went to the hospital to join my stepmother at my brother’s bedside. My brother looked much better than I feared, so I started feeling 24 . Then he 25 the nurses while they tried to clean him a little. So they sedated (打镇静剂) him in 26 of the recovery of his brain.
He was awake the next day but his personality was off, 27 severe brain damage. But I
28 to wish for good luck and just thought of him living 29 . I just worked on feeling gratitude for his 30 and recovery.
He was 31 a few days later. Yesterday, he had a doctor’s 32 to do some routine examinations about two thirds of the way between our homes, so he took a bus the rest of the way and I picked him up at the bus stop. He got to see my new home and play with my cat and we
33 old family pictures. His 34 was 100% back to normal!
He needs to rest and to not work for a few months, but he is going to be fine. He has learned a few life lessons and the 35 of cherishing life.
21. A. face B. bottom C. feet D. knees
22. A. leave B. succeed C. hurt D. survive
23. A. awkward B. impressive C. frightening D. confusing
24. A. regretful B. delightful C. hopeful D. stressful
25. A. transported B. fought C. pleased D. controlled
26. A. advance B. case C. memory D. consideration
27. A. meaning B. causing C. preventing D. demanding
28. A. decided B. continued C. expected D. offered
29. A. fortunately B. calmly C. normally D. cautiously
30. A. fame B. future C. luck D. health
31. A. discharged B. delivered C. fired D. accepted
32. A. order B. appointment C. wish D. forgiveness
33. A. looked through B. held up C. learned about D. picked out
34. A. confidence B. spirit C. energy D. personality
35. A. matter B. responsibility C. significance D. business
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Here are some things about Cold Dew (寒露). The year 36 (divide) into 24 solar terms by the traditional Chinese lunar calendar. Cold Dew, the 17th solar term of the year, begins this year on Oct. 8 37 ends on Oct. 22.
At this time, temperatures are much lower and the dew is greater and colder and there will be
38 (little) rain. People always say that fishing in shallow water in autumn makes sense. That’s because during the Cold Dew period, temperatures fall 39 (sharp) and sunshine doesn’t reach deep water thoroughly. Fish swim to shallow water areas 40 the water temperature is relatively high.
During Cold Dew, North China takes on a look of late autumn with red 41 (leaf), white clouds and early frost. People often climb hills to drive away evils. Though 42 (date) back to the Eastern Han Dynasty, it’s still a custom people observe today.
Besides, many regions in China have 43 custom of drinking chrysanthemum (菊花) wine to prevent autumn dryness. This is also a tradition of the Double Ninth Festival, which falls
44 the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese calendar. It is said that drinking the wine
45 (make) with chrysanthemums can help people keep young forever.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是学生会主席李华，你校下周将在学生活动中心举办主题为“The Importance of Failure”的英文演讲比赛，请给外教Mr. John写一封邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括：
1. 比赛时间、地点、主题；
2. 评委职责、评分标准（judging standards）；
3. 进一步讨论细节。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When my mother first got into tarot (塔罗牌), I kept my distance. I believed there was no realistic explanation for predicting someone’s life through a pack of cards. Then one day, during the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情), driven half out of boredom and half out of curiosity, I asked my mom to give me a reading. It was surprisingly accurate (准确的). She predicted the outcomes of various periods of time in my life and gave me advice based on her readings.
In a tarot reading, the participant asks a question, and the reader will turn over a series of cards, explaining an answer based on each card’s meaning. My mom examined the cards, pointing out their meanings as she worked to build the important message in response.
My mom didn’t believe in fortune telling. For her, that’s not what tarot cards are about. She used tarot to offer insight, understanding, new viewpoints, or renewed hope on challenges the person she was reading for may be facing. The cards provide a space for deeper self-reflection and give the participant an opportunity to ask questions about situations they are currently struggling with. She said it was like a fun way of doing therapy (疗法) — instead of talking to a medical professional, you’re playing a card game.
For me, it’s given me a way to open up to my mom again. When I moved away to college a few years later, we grew apart. Sometimes we wouldn’t talk for a couple of weeks. When we did talk, I often felt like she couldn’t offer me the advice I needed because my life had taken its own course. The next year I felt worn out, rearranging my role on the school newspaper with sports, work and classes. Over the phone, my mom advised me to drop some unpaid work with the newspaper, so I would have more time to manage everything else.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考答案
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A篇
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了位于波兰Gdańsk的四家值得素食旅行者去用餐的素食餐厅的相关情况。
1. D 细节理解题。根据Pierogarnia Mandu部分内容尤其是第四句“You’ll also get to watch the pierogi being made in full view of the restaurant.”可知，游客可以在Pierogarnia Mandu看到制作饺子的过程。故选D。
2. B 细节理解题。根据Zakwasownia部分最后一句“There is also a children’s menu, so it’s family friendly, too.”可知，Zakwasownia餐厅适合一对带着孩子的年轻夫妇去用餐。故选B。
3. C 文章出处题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句“If you’re a vegetarian traveller in Gdańsk looking for some meat-free options, make sure to pay these restaurants a visit!”可知，本文主要介绍了位于波兰Gdańsk的四家值得素食旅行者去用餐的素食餐厅的相关情况。由此可推知，本文可能出自一本旅游小册子。故选C。
B篇
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Shirley Raines成立非营利机构来帮助流浪者的故事。
4. B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“She is the founder of Beauty 2 The Streetz, a nonprofit that provides free food, clothing, hair, and makeup services to the homeless.”可知，Beauty 2 The Streetz是由Shirley Raines建立的非营利组织，它为流浪者们提供免费的食物、衣服、发型和化妆服务。由此可知，Beauty 2 The Streetz旨在以若干方式为流浪者服务。故选B。
5. B 细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是最后一句“So she started an outdoor beauty salon to serve the homeless, which took most of her spare time.”可知，Shirley Raines创办了一家户外的美容院来为流浪者服务，这占据了她大部分的空闲时间。由此可知，Shirley Raines主要通过为流浪者们打扮来帮助他们。故选B。
6. D 段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段主要讲述了Shirley Raines在建立Beauty 2 The Streetz后，该非营利组织获得了越来越多人的支持与帮助。由此可知，第五段主要介绍了Beauty 2 The Streetz日益增长的影响力。故选D。
7. B 推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第四段最后一句“So she started an outdoor beauty salon to serve the homeless, which took most of her spare time.”可知，Shirley Raines用自己的大部分空闲时间来为流浪者服务，即她是一个无私奉献的人；根据最后一段第一句“Shirley’s boldness, caring, courage, consistency (连贯性), and desire to take action have led to making a real impact on people’s lives.”可知，她是一个有爱心的人。故选B。
C篇
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，该研究表明狗能嗅出人在压力下散发出的与平常不同的气味。
8. A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“While previous studies have suggested dogs might pick up on human emotions, possibly through smell”可知，先前的研究表明狗可能通过嗅觉来分辨出人类的情绪。故选A。
9. C 推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容尤其是第四段第一句中的“With the team confident that the dogs understood the approach”可知，研究人员训练四只狗去分辨装有一天中不同时间采集的气体和汗液样本的容器。而且研究团队确信狗是理解这种实验方式的。由此可推知，起初研究人员使用三个容器的目的在于训练狗，以使它们了解展开实验的方式。故选C。
10. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Wilson说：“看到它们如此自信地告诉我‘不，这两种东西闻起来肯定不一样’，这真是太神奇了。”虽然还不清楚狗闻到了什么化学物质，但研究表明，人类在压力下会散发出不同的气味。即使是未经训练的宠物狗也有可能察觉到人在感到压力时气味的变化。由此可推知，Wilson对研究结果坚信不疑。故选B。
11. D 标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明狗能嗅出人在压力下散发出的与平常不同的气味。D项概括了本文主旨，最适合作本文标题。故选D。
D篇
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了没必要担忧人工智能可能给人类带来危险的原因。
12. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二至四句“He told Sky News that ‘Necessarily there will be more robots in everybody’s life. They’ll be helping you at home, when you go out shopping, when you go to a hotel, they’ll serve you, when you go to a theatre, everything. And in your working life.’”可知，Stewart Miller表示，每个人的生活中必然会有更多的机器人。当你外出购物时，当你去酒店时，他们会为你服务，当你去剧院时，他们会为你提供周到的服务。在你的工作中也是如此。由此可知，人工智能会在许多方面帮助人类。故选C。
13. A 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“on the level of all-out nuclear war”可推知，“达到全面核战争的水平”是对画线词的补充描述。因此，画线词catastrophic应意为“灾难性的”，与A项意思相近。故选A。
14. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“We will have to put safeguards in place and make sure we have good controls around it, because artificial intelligence is a very powerful technology.”可知，我们已经采取了通过安装安全软件来避免人工智能威胁的措施。故选D。
15. B 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段第一句“Stewart Miller, the chief executive of the National Robotarium has said that society needs to prepare for the increased integration (融合) of robots but shouldn’t fear the rise of artificial intelligence (AI).”和第四段第一、二句“Mr. Miller said, ‘The thing to remember is that we, the humans, are in control. We decide how far it goes and doesn’t go’.”可知，本文主要阐述了没必要担忧人工智能可能给人类带来危险的原因。故选B。
第二节
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何成为最好的自己提供了四条建议。
16. E 根据上文“That means telling you to become the best version (版本) of yourself.”可知，这意味着告诉你去成为最好的自己；下文主要介绍了四条如何成为最好的自己的建议。E项“这里有一些成为最好的自己的建议”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
17. D 根据本段首句“Set goals.”可知，本段主要介绍要设定目标；根据下文“It means specific, measurable, attainable (可实现的), relevant, and time-bound.”可知，它的意思是具体的、可衡量的、可实现的、相关的和有时限的。D项“你设定的每个目标都必须是SMART的”符合语境，且SMART的每个字母指代的分别是下文中的“specific”“measurable”“attainable”“relevant”“time-bound”。故选D。
18. A 空处是本段的主旨句。根据下文“Someone who hates himself/herself can never become his/her best version because he/she is yet to fully understand their identity.”可知，讨厌自己的人永远不可能成为最好的自己，因为他／她还没有完全了解自己的本性；根据本段最后一句“There is only one YOU in the world, so show yourself the most love.”可知，世界上只有一个你，所以给自己最多的爱。A项“爱你自己”统领本段，符合语境。故选A。
19. B 根据本段首句“Don’t be scared to try new things.”可知，本段主要介绍不要害怕尝试新事物。根据上文“Try to open yourself to exploring new opportunities because only then can you be able to discover yourself and know what your best version of yourself might be.”可知，试着敞开心扉去探索新的机会，因为只有这样你才能发现自己，弄清楚最好的自己可能是什么样子的。B项“朝着它努力”承接上文，符合语境。故选B。
20. F 根据本段首句“Surround yourself with a good circle.”可知，本段主要介绍要让自己有一个优秀的（社交）圈子。F项“正如我们所知，近朱者赤”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的哥哥/弟弟在一次事故中头部受了重伤后幸存下来并恢复健康，以及他从此次事故中吸取到了要珍惜生命的教训的故事。
21. A 考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“He had a head injury”可知，作者的哥哥/弟弟头部受了伤。由此可推知，他是脸（face）着地摔了下来。故选A。
22. D 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“Twenty years ago we lost our mom to a head injury”可知，20年前，作者的母亲因头部受伤去世。因此，此处表示他们不知道作者的哥哥/弟弟是否能够活下来（survive）。故选D。
23. C 考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“because I know what the worst can be”及语境可知,当时真的很吓人（frightening），因为作者知道最糟糕的情况是什么。故选C。
24. C 考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“My brother looked much better than I feared”可知，作者的哥哥/弟弟看起来比作者担心的情况好一些，所以作者开始觉得有希望（hopeful）。故选C。
25. B 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“they sedated (打镇静剂) him”及语境可知，作者的哥
哥/弟弟在护士试图给他做清洁时极力反抗（fought），所以他们给他打了镇静剂。故选B。
26. D 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“they sedated (打镇静剂) him”可知，护士给他打了镇静剂是考虑到（consideration）他头部的恢复。固定搭配in consideration of意为“考虑到”。故选D。
27. A 考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“his personality was off”可知，作者的哥哥/弟弟的性格变了，这意味着（meaning）他受到了严重的脑损伤。故选A。
28. B 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，作者的哥哥/弟弟的性格变了，这意味着他受到了严重的脑损伤。但作者继续（continued）为他祈求好运。故选B。
29. C 考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“wish for good luck”及语境可知，作者继续为他的哥
哥/弟弟祈求好运，希望他能够正常地（normally）生活。故选C。
30. D 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，作者继续为他的哥哥/弟弟祈求好运，希望他能够正常地生活。作者对他的哥哥/弟弟能拥有健康（health）而且能够康复心存感激。故选D。
31. A 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“he took a bus the rest of the way and I picked him up”及语境可知，几天后，作者的哥哥/弟弟出院（discharged）了。故选A。
32. B 考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“to do some routine examinations”及语境可知，此处表示作者的哥哥/弟弟和医生约好（appointment）做一些常规检查。故选B。
33. A 考查动词短语辨析。根据下文中的“old family pictures”及语境可知，作者和哥哥/弟弟一起浏览（looked through）家里的老照片。故选A。
34. D 考查名词辨析。根据第三段第一句中的“He was awake the next day but his personality was off”和下文中的“was 100% back to normal”及语境可知，此处表示作者哥哥/弟弟的性格（personality）又回到了正常状态。故选D。
35. C 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“He has learned a few life lessons”及语境可知，作者的哥哥/弟弟通过这次事故吸取到了一些教训，也懂得了珍惜生命的重要性（significance）。故选C。
第二节
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了二十四节气之一的寒露及相关风俗。
36. is divided 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示中国传统阴历将一年分为二十四节气。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，主语“The year”和动词“divide”之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语“The year”为单数，谓语动词应用单三形式。故填is divided。
37. and考查连词。此处表示今年，寒露从10月8日开始，到10月22日结束。此处应用并列连词and连接前后两个并列的谓语。故填and。
38. less考查形容词的比较等级。此处表示在这一时期，气温骤降，晨露更重且更凉，降雨也会更少。根据上文中的“much lower”和“greater and colder”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填less。
39. sharply 考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词“fall”。故填sharply。
40. where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是“shallow water areas”，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导该从句。故填where。
41. leaves考查名词的复数。leaf为可数名词，且其前无冠词修饰，此处应用其复数形式。故填leaves。
42. dating 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“Though (date) back to the Eastern Han Dynasty”作状语。其中的动词date的逻辑主语是it，二者是主动关系，因此应用date的现在分词形式。故填dating。
43. the 考查冠词。此处特指喝菊花酒的风俗，应用定冠词the。故填the。
44. on 考查介词。在具体的某一天前，应用介词on，且fall on为固定搭配，意为“适逢（日期）”。故填on。
45. made 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词；逻辑主语“wine”与动词“make”之间构成动宾关系，此处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填made。
第三部分 写作
第一节
参考范文：
Dear Mr. John,
I’m writing on behalf of the school’s Student Union to invite you to judge a public speaking competition.
The competition will be held at the Student Center on April 18th next week. Students have to give a five-minute speech on the topic The Importance of Failure. As a judge, you will rate each of the ten speeches in terms of the speakers’ pronunciation, fluency and audience engagement.
I’m looking forward to your reply so that we can further discuss the details.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
参考范文：
Paragraph 1:
I told her that was unreasonable. She didn’t understand how important the newspaper was to me. Her advice made me resistant to examining my problem from a new angle, even if it could have been helpful. It seemed to me that working on the school newspaper could bring much working experience so that I could prepare for the future career. However, rather to my surprise, I had some difficulty with my study. I had to turn to my mom who played tarot for me again.
Paragraph 2:
In our tarot readings, my cards kept telling me to be patient with my study. Even though I’m usually extremely impatient, I took her advice and held off on making unwise decisions. Then I had to quit the unpaid work on the school newspaper and focused my attention on my study. I also tried to search for the support from my instructor, who offered me quite a few practical instructions. It was my mom who probably knew me better. And thanks to tarot, I knew her better.2022—2023 学年高一下学期开学考试英语试卷（新高考）（山东版）
听力
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which dorm is the closest to the campus
A. The one on the hill.
B. The one near the river.
C. The one in the south part of town.
2. What does the woman want to do
A. Apply for a job. B. Call the manager. C. Leave the company.
3. How will the girl’s mother pay for the CD
A. In cash. B. By cheque. C. By credit card.
4. Where are the speakers
A. In their car. B. At a birthday party. C. In a shopping mall.
5. What will the man do next
A. Take some photos. B. Pick some flowers. C. Draw a picture.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Learning a language.
B. Making a speech.
C. Traveling abroad.
7. What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Do more practice.
B. Try to stay calm.
C. Get some help.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. When did the woman have her graduation party
A. Last Friday. B. Last Saturday. C. Last Sunday.
9. Who may Mr. Smith be
A. The woman’s teacher. B. The woman’s classmate. C. The woman’s boss.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. How many students took the course
A. 14. B. 15. C. 16.
11. What does the man expect kids to do by learning poems
A. Describe beautiful things.
B. Enjoy the beauty of poems.
C. Look at the world like the poets.
12. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. How to help children learn poetry.
B. Their favourite poets and poetry.
C. The course “Teaching Poetry to Children”.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What did Sam leave on the bus
A. A pen. B. A dictionary. C. A notebook.
14. Why does the boy feel upset about his pen
A. It was a gift from his father.
B. He couldn’t find a same one.
C. His father will blame him for it.
15. What will the girl do this afternoon
A. Play table tennis.
B. Do some shopping.
C. Go to the neighborhood.
16. How will the girl’s dad go to the conference
A. By car. B. By subway. C. By bus.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. For what do some animals eat only one type of food
A. Lack of choice. B. Health issues. C. Their nature.
18. Why does the speaker mention the panda and a kind of white butterfly
A. To amuse the listeners.
B. To introduce what some animals eat.
C. To prove that some animals eat only one type of food.
19. What do bears eat
A. Fish and fruit. B. Vegetables and fruit. C. Fish and birds.
20. What does the speaker think of French food
A. Delicious. B. Unhealthy. C. Popular.
参考答案
1—5 BABCA 6—10 BACCB 11—15 BCBAA 16—20 ACCAB
听力材料
Text 1
W: What’s the best dorm
M: That depends. The one on the hill has the nicest rooms. The dorm in the south part of town has the best dining hall, while the one near the river is the closest to the campus.
Text 2
W: Are you calling for a manager in your company
M: Yes, we still have some positions left: the sales manager, the HR manager and the quality manager. Which one would you like to apply for
Text 3
M: Are you paying for this CD with cash
W: My mom’s going to pay. She’s coming now. But will you take a cheque She’s forgotten her credit card.
M: Of course.
Text 4
M: I thought you were lost. Where were you
W: Sorry. I was bargaining for the toy car at that counter.
M: A gift for a child
W: Yes, I’ll send it to my niece for her birthday.
Text 5
M: Excuse me, madam. Would you mind me picking the flowers in the garden They look more beautiful in the sun. Could I just pick the yellow one
W: I’m afraid you can’t, but you can take pictures of them.
M: Oh, that’s great.
Text 6
W: Are you ready for tonight You look nervous.
M: Do I I’m trying to stay calm. Being scared won’t help.
W: Have you practiced your speech
M: I read it out over ten times. But I still get something wrong each time.
W: It’s hard to give a speech in a foreign language. You should practice more.
M: You are right. I will read it a few more times.
Text 7
W: Hello, Mr. Smith. I just came back from my graduation ceremony.
M: What was it like
W: Fantastic! We had a great graduation party last Sunday.
M: Good. Now that you have graduated from your college, you can focus on your work.
W: Right, except for one thing.
M: What’s that
W: I brought over some of my classmates’ résumés. They want to join this company.
M: Great. Leave their résumés here. I will read them this afternoon.
Text 8
W: Henry, have you heard about the course “Teaching Poetry to Children”
M: Yes, I have. Actually I’m taking that course this term at Texas State University.
W: Really That’s amazing. So how many students are there in the course this term
M: There are fourteen other students and me.
W: What do you do
M: We spend Tuesday mornings teaching poetry to students at Crockett Elementary School.
W: Why did you want to take the course
M: I love poetry and I love interacting (交流；交往) with kids. I want them to appreciate the beauty of poems.
W: So what kind of poetry do you think is good
M: I think if a poem shows you the world through the poet’s eyes, then that is a good poem.
W: I agree. So who is your favorite poet
M: William Carlos Williams. I taught the kids his Between Walls in class. You know what, they had the most interesting responses to that poem.
W: It sounds as if they liked it.
Text 9
M: What’s the matter
W: I lent my dictionary to Sam yesterday. But he told me this morning he had left it on the bus.
M: When will he learn to be more careful He told me his notebook was missing just now. Also, I lent my pen to him last week, but he couldn’t find it.
W: Did he buy you a new one
M: Yes. But it is different. It was a gift from my father. It could never be replaced.
W: I’m so sorry to hear that. I just bought the dictionary last week. Now I have to buy a new one.
M: Will you go downtown this afternoon
W: No. I’ll play table tennis with my aunt this afternoon. I’ll go downtown tomorrow.
M: Could you ask your dad to give me a lift when you go there
W: I’ll go there by subway. My dad will drive to a conference in the neighboring city tomorrow.
M: OK, then, I’ll take the bus.
Text 10
W: Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. We can also use other senses when we choose our food. Although there are many different types of food, some animals eat only one type. The panda eats only one particular type of bamboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a sort of cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have more varied diets. Bears eat fruit and fish. Foxes eat birds and fruit. Diets of these animals are different depending on the season. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat food with too much sugar. This is bad for their health. Eating too much meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.

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