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主谓一致
主谓一致
句子的谓语动词需与其主语在人称和数上保持一致。
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
就近一致原则
主谓一致原则
语法一致
“语法一致”原则是指，主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
1.不可数名词或可数名词单数形式，单数代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；
可数名词复数形式，复数代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Fast food is full of fat and salt.
Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
2.单个的动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
To get home from my office takes me ten minutes.
Reading English aloud in the morning does you a lot of good.
注：①多个不定式，动名词作主语表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。
②what引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词的数根据从句所指的内容而定。如当从句
的谓语是复数形式或主句的表语是复数时，主句的谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Swimming and running are my favorite.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
What she said is true.
What are needed are rational and firm actions.
What we need are more volunteers.
When and where we should go is very important.
3.由with, as well as, along with, together/along with, rather than, no less than, but,
except, besides, in addition to, like, including等连接两部分名词或代词时，谓语动词
与介词或介词短语前面的主语保持一致 。
The mother along with her two children goes to the park every weekend.
4.①不定代词either, neither, each (of)及复合不定代词anyone, anything, someone,
somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nothing, nobody, no one等
在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
②不定代词both, few, many, several (of)等作主语，谓语动词用复数。
③all, some, most (of)指代或修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；指代或修饰不可
数名词，谓语动词用单数。
④none (of)指代或修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词单、复数均可；指代或修饰不可数
名词，谓语动词用单数。
注：①each作同位语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语来定。
The students each were asked not to refer to their notes when delivering a speech.
We went to see a couple of houses, but neither was suitable.
None of them is/are aware of the danger.
Each of them has seen the movie before.
②用and连接的并列单数主语被each, every或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
No man and no animal is found on the moon.
5.“many a(n) (许多)/ more than one (不止一个)+可数名词单数” 作主语时，谓语动
词用单数。
Many a student has made that mistake.
More than one person is against the proposal.
6. a quantity of后接名词，谓语动词与所接名词的单复数保持一致；
quantities of后接名词，谓语动词常和quantities保持一致，即用复数。
A large quantity of books were printed.
A large quantity of beer is consumed.
Large quantities of water are wasted.
7. a large amount of/ amounts of + 不可数名词 ，谓语动词与amount的形式保持一致。
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
8. a great deal of + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
A great deal of help was offered to him.
9.“one and a half + 可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
One and a half apples were left on the table.
10.“one of + 复数名词/复数代词”后跟定语从句时，从句的谓语动词常用复数；
“the only/ very one of + 可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句的谓语动词应用单数。
He is one of the students who have passed the exam.
He is the only/ very one of the students who has passed the exam.
11. 一些形式为复数但表达单数意义的名词，如trousers, pants, shoes, glasses, scissors
等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
当这类名词前有pair of, type of等词修饰时，谓语动词的数根据量词的形式而定。
His glasses were broken, so he can’t see the blackboard clearly.
This pair of scissors is made in Shanghai.
意义一致
“意义一致”原则是指从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
and连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；
and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、物、事、整体概念或由两个部件配成
的物品时，谓语动词用单数（此时and后的名词前不加冠词）。
The owner and the editor-in-chief of the newspaper are to attend the meeting.
The teacher and writer is going to give a talk.
The knife and fork is on the desk.
2. 一个单数名词被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词一般用
复数；但如果表示的是同一概念，则谓语动词用单数。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.
The last and most difficult lesson is Lesson 14.
3. all, none, some, any等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。
All are here and all is ready.
All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
4. “all/ most/ half/ the rest (of)/ the majority (of) + 名词/ 代词”或“分数/ 百分数 + 名
词/ 代词 ”作主语时，若名词/ 代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数；
若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
The rest of the places of interest were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent enjoying the beautiful scene.
One-third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.
5. a (great) number of … (许多…)作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the number of …(…的
数量)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising steadily since 1990.
6. 形式为复数、意义为单数的名词（词组）作主语时的主谓一致问题：
①表示单位数量，指时间、金额、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时，
常被当做一个整体来看待，谓语动词用单数。
Twenty kilometers is quite a long distance.
Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time.
②以-s结尾的学科名称，如physics, politics, mathematics等作主语，谓语用单数。
Economics is the study of how a society organizes its money, trade and industry.
③以-s结尾的，国名如the United States，报纸名如the New York Times，书名如
Great Expectations，剧名，格言等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The New York Times is one of the most influential newspapers in the world.
④以-s结尾的群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.
7. “the+形容词/ 分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数；
“the+形容词/ 分词”表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数。
The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.
The beautiful is not always useful.
单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。
Every means has been tried.
Not all means are useful.
9. 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致问题：
①有的集合名词，如audience, class, crew, crowd, group, committee, family, team,
population等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调整体中
的个体，则谓语动词用复数形式。
Zhang’s family is rather big with twelve people in all, and the family are sitting at the breakfast table.
②有的集合名词表示“总称”，是复数意义，如people, police, cattle, youth, goods,
clothes等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are looking into the accident.
③有的集合名词，只作不可数名词，如clothing, equipment, baggage, furniture,
scenery等，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Our clothing protects us from the cold.
注：①集合名词可与普通名词相互转化，如a poem=a piece of poetry。
②名词可兼具集合名词和普通名词两种性质，此时意义不同。
There are three people waving at us.
There are 56 peoples in China.
就近一致
“就近一致”原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
either…or, …or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。
Are you or he good at English
Neither you nor anybody else knows anything about it.
2. There be句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.

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