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授课时间：10月31日
授课内容：Unit 5 -grammer 主语从句
教学目标：
1.学生能够理解主语从句连接词的使用规则，并能准确运用主语从
句进行自主表达。
2.通过引导学生观察例句，总结出主语从句的语法规律。帮助学生
学会观察、比较、分析、推断、归纳、建构等思维方式。
教学重点：
1. 掌握主语从句的引导词的使用规则。
教学难点：
1. 主语从句在语境中的使用。
2. 结合语法知识，以课堂教学为依托，全面训练，加强和提高运用英语的综合能力。
Learning Objectives
In today’s class, you are expected to:
1. understand the differences between independent clauses and dependent clauses.
2. analyze the distinctions between different conjunctions.
3. use proper conjunctions to lead subject clauses.
句子
类型
简单句
并列句
复合句
主句
形容词性从句 (定语从句)
名词性从句
副词性从句(状语从句)
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
从句
Definition and types:
Noun clauses as
the subject
主语从句
Part 1
主语从句基本概念
What Yuan Longping really cared about was not money or celebrity.
That Yuan Longping had realised his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world.
Subject
Subject
Look at the complex sentences and state the functions of the noun clauses italicised.
Activity 1
That Yuan Longping had realised his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world.
It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realised his dream of developing seawater rice.
用it作形式主语
Activity 1
Look at the complex sentences and state the functions of the noun clauses italicised.
1. 主语从句的定义：
用来___________的从句，属于__________从句，位于_________，有形式主语it时，则位于_______。
e.g.
1). Whether she will accept the invitation is not clear yet.
2). When we will hold the sports meet has not been decided on yet.
3). It is possible that everyone goes to a satisfactory university if they study hard.
充当主语
句尾
句首
名词性
2. 主语从句的连接词：
__________ 用于引导陈述句，只起连接作用，无含义，不充当成分，不可省略。
_________________ 用于引导一般疑问句，起连接作用，翻译为“是否”，不充当成分，不可省略。
_____________________________用于引导特殊疑问句，起连接作用，翻译为相应的疑问含义，在从句中作主，宾，表，定；不可省略。
________________________ 用于引导特殊疑问句，起连接作用，翻译为相应的疑问含义，在从句中作状语，不可省略。
that
what, which, who(m), whose, wh-ever
if/ whether
when, where, how, why, wh-ever
Finish exercise 2 on page 58.
1. _________ the research centre is to be set up has not been decided.
2. ______ many countries still face food shortages remains a big problem.
3. ______ impressed me most was that the hybrid rice enabled farmers to expand their ouput greatly.
4. __________ the plan is to be carried out still needs discussing.
5. ______ the new chemical pesticide is effective remains to be seen.
6. ______ will join in the research team will be announced tomorrow.
7. ______ he quit his high-paying job is not difficult to understand. He wanted to start up his own business.
Whether/Where
That
What
Whether/When
Whether
Who
Why
3. 形式主语：
由that引导的主语从句，为了避免头重脚轻，主语从句会置于句尾，而用____作形式主语。
it
That the doctor couldn’t save the patient was obvious.
It was obvious that the doctor couldn’t save the patient.
That Yuan Longping had realized his dream of developing seawater rice surprised the whole world.
It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realized his dream of developing seawater rice.
①. It + be + 形容词 + that 从句(obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)
It is likely that she will do well in her exam.

②. It + be + 名词词组 + that 从句
(an honour, a fact, a pity, etc)
It’s a pity that we can’t travel abroad this summer.
Step 3: Further exploration
3. 形式主语：
③. It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, proved; etc.)
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.
④. It + 不及物动词或短语 + that 从句
( seem, happen, doesn’t matter ,turn out).
It turned out that the salesman was a liar.
It happened that she was out when we called. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
结果是，原来是
碰巧
Step 3: Further exploration
3. 形式主语：
Part 2
主语从句中的八个点
1. 从句语序
改错：
1). What have I forgotten is that I have a test today.
2). Where had he lost the laptop was what we wanted to know.
3). Whether do they use too many chemical pesticides is unknown.
4). Who did this is still a mystery.
总结：在任何情况下，主语从句都用___________ 。
I have
they do
陈述语序
he had
2. 主句谓语动词的选择：
填空：
1). What you said at the meeting ________(describe) a bright future for the company.
2). Whether it will rain or not_____(be) not clear.
3). That he has won so many awards________( surprise) us.
4). When he left us and Why he did that _______(remain) unknown to us.
5). What we need____(be) more personal computers.
6). What we need ____(be) more time.
describes
is
surprises
are
is
remain
2. 主句谓语动词的选择：
总结：
单个主语从句作主语，描述的是一件事情，所以谓语动词用______。
两个或多个从句作主语，描述的是多个事情，谓语动词用______。
由what 引导主语从句时，谓语与______保持一致。
单数
复数
表语
3. 时态的选择
填空：
1). What_______(cause) the accident yesterday still remains unknown at present.
2).What you __________(achieve) in the future is decided by what you are doing now.
3). How we _________( get) here in ten days was discussed at the meeting yesterday.
4). That he____ (lose) his balance made him slip on the ice.
5). Last week, that the earth ____(turn) from west to east was said to us by our geography teacher.
caused
would get
will achieve
lost
turns
3. 时态的选择
总结：
主句用一般现在时态，从句根据句意，可用_________。
主句用过去时态，从句只能用______________。
若从句为客观真理，总是用____________。
任何时态
过去相应的时态
一般现在时态
4. that 的省略
填空：
1). ____ he was ill yesterday is known now.
2). It happened ____ I had no money with me that day.
总结：无论陈述句的主语从句谓语句首还是句尾，__________.
That
都不可省略
that
5. if/ whether 的选择
填空：
1). _______ it will rain or not is not clear.
2). It is uncertain ________ he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
3). It doesn’t matter _______ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
4). It is still unknown ______ the big boss can come or not.
总结：
主语从句位于_____，只能用whether;主语从句置于_____，可用if/ whether; 但如有____, 或者_________，则只能用whether.
if/ whether
Whether
whether
whether
句首
句尾
or not
表示选择
6. what 的使用
填空并翻译：
1). _____ can help us solve this problem is still unknown to us.
______能够帮我们解决这个问题还不清楚。
2)._____ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
电影中___________是父亲对儿子深深的爱。
3). _____ matters most is to start acting now.
_______________现在要行动起来了。
4). ______ he said is reasonable.
____________是合理的。
What
什么
最打动我的
最重要的事情是
他所说的事情
What
What
What
6. what 的使用
5). ______ worries many people is that these chemicals may even cause cancer.
____________________是这些化学品甚至会引发癌症。
6). _____ he was ten years ago is totally different from what he look like now.
他____________和现在有很大的不同
总结：
what 在主语从句的基本含义是 _____；但更多时候，翻译为____________; __________等，做题时的关键是看________________________________。更重要的是，熟记典型例句。
What
What
十年前的样子
让很多人担心的事情
从句是否缺少主，宾，或者表语
…的样子
…的事情
什么
补充what在其他名词性从句中的用法
填空并理解what 的含义：
1). He saves ______ he earns.(_______)
2). He is no longer _____ he was.(_________)
3). He is_____ is generally called a fool.(________)
4). Our income is now double ______ it was ten years ago.(_________)
5). After _____seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.(_________)
6). This is ______ they call Salt Lake City.(_________)
7). ______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. (_____________)
what
what
what
what
what
what
what
…的事情/东西
…的地方
…的时间
…的数量
…的人
…的钱
…的样子
7. that 与what 的选择
填空：
1). ____ light travels in straight lines is known to all.
2). ______ we need is more time.
3). It is clear _____ he was not fit for the work.
4). It is by no means clear______ the president can do to end the strike.
总结：that 引导________，what引导____________。使用what时，从句一定缺少_______________________；而that 则不充当成分，只做连接词。
That
What
主语，宾语或者表语
特殊疑问句
陈述句
that
what
8. 主语从句与分词短语作主语
句型转换：
1). That he lost his balance made him slip on the ice.
__________________made him slip on the ice.
2). That he was ill yesterday is known now.
___________is known now.
3). That you have recovered from your illness is a great relief to us.
__________________________ is a great relief to us.
4). That he was misunderstood by the teacher made him very upset._____________________________ made him very upset.
His losing his balance
His being ill
Your recovering from your illness
His being misunderstood by the teacher
8. 主语从句与分词短语作主语
总结：主语从句可与现在分词转换，即把从句主语换为______________，谓语动词换为__________，构成__________; 被动形式为_______________.
这样的句子结构在作文中是简化句型，提升句型运用能力的很好表现。
现在分词
one’s doing
one’s being done
物主代词/所有格
Step 3: Further exploration
Finish exercise 2 on page 53.

Grandma has been complaining about the vegetables sold in the supermarket, which have been grown using chemical fertilizers. To her, that they look beautiful on the outside is obvious. However, what she is unhappy about is the lower nutritional value and reduced flavour. Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city, how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them. Whether they can live a healthy life is the first thing they are considering. So they have made up their minds to move to the countryside, where they can live a green life.
Step 4: Drilling
Underline the subject clauses in the passage.
1. They should like each other is natural.
2. If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.
3. That is certain that we can win.
4. No matter who breaks the window shall apologize.
That they
Whether
It
Whoever
Step 4: Drilling
Correct the following sentences.
1. Rewrite the sentences using subject clauses
We wanted to know where he had lost the laptop.
Where _______________________ was what we wanted to know.
2. The way in which he did the experiment was puzzling to other people.
How ______________________ was puzzling to other people.
3. Do they use too many chemical pesticides I worry about this most.
Whether ________________________________ is what I worry about most.
he had lost the laptop
he did the experiment
they use too many chemical pesticides
1. Rewrite the sentences using subject clauses
4. People are happy to see that the living conditions and income of the farmers have improved a lot.
That ____________________________________________________ makes people happy.
5. We have not decided on the date for the sports meet yet.
When ________________________ has not been decided on yet.
the living conditions and income of the farmers have improved a lot
the sports meet will be held
2. Make sentences using subject clauses with the help of the cues.
Example
he thought / completely wrong
What he thought was completely wrong.
he said/ reasonable
________________________________________________
2. she will accept the invitation / not clear yet
________________________________________________
What he said seems reasonable.
Whether she will accept the invitation is not clear yet.
2. Make sentences using subject clauses with the help of the cues.
3. the animals are moving to / not exactly known
_____________________________________________
4. you have recovered from your illness / a great relief to us
______________________________________________________
5. he has become distant recently / my concern
_____________________________________________
Where the animals are moving to is not exactly known.
That you have recovered from your illness will be a great relief to us.
That he has become distant recently is my concern.
3. Circle and correct the mistake in each sentence.
What have I forgotten is that I have a test today.
2. Who left me these flowers are not clear to me.
3. This is obvious that students should prepare well for their future.
4. Who’s ticket this is has not been confirmed.
5. When the test will be given have not been decided.
I have
is
It
Whose
has
1. Can we control pests without causing any ill effects This still remains a question. (Whether)
2. Agriculture is the foundaton of our country. This is well known. (It)
3. Some less-developed countries are suffering from food shortages. It is a serious problem in the world. (That)
4. Some herdsmen in Inner Mongolia fix electronic sensors to their cattle to monitor their movements. It is true that they are doing this. (It)
Step 4: Drilling
Combine each pair of sentences using the word in brackets.
1. Whether we can control pests without causing any ill effects remains a question.
2. It is well known that agriculture is the foundation of our country.
3. That some less-developed countries are suffering from food shortages is a serious problem in the world.
4. It is true that some herds men in Inner Mongolia fix electronic sensors to their cattle to monitor their movements.
Step 4: Drilling
Combine each pair of sentences using the word in brackets.
THANK YOU

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