资源简介

(共27张PPT)
2023高考二轮复习
名词
代词
（代词的分类及功能）
考点一
代词分为九大类
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词、相互代词。
1．人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：
人称 主格(主语) 宾格(宾语)
第一人称 I; we me; us
第二人称 you you
第三人称 he; she; it; they him; her; it; them
2．物主代词：在句子中作定语修饰名词的为形容词性物主代词；在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词＋n.的为名词性物主代词，通常在句子中作主语或宾语，如下表：
形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers its theirs
[注意]（1）形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，修饰名词，如：her father她的父亲。
（易混不定代词的区别）
考点二
one 代指可数名词，单数，泛指
ones 代指可数名词，复数，泛指
the one 代指可数名词，单数，特指
the ones 代指可数名词，复数，特指
that 代指不可数名词或可数名词单数或相当于the one
those 代指可数名词，复数，特指(＝the ones)
it 上文中所提到的同一个事物
1．one, ones, the one, the ones, those, it, that的区别
①The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.
这趟火车太挤了，所以我们决定乘坐下一趟。
②His own experience was different from that of his friends.
他自己的体验和朋友们的体验不同。
③I love spring—it is a wonderful time of the year.
我喜欢春天——这是一年中一段美妙的时节。
④The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.
桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。
2．the other, other, another, others的区别
the other the other指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one ..., the other ... “一个……另一个……”。作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”
other other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”
others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指其他的全部人或事物时用the others
Recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is another.
回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。
3．either, both, neither, all, none, any的区别
either 肯定意义 表示两者中的一个，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
both 肯定意义 表示两者都，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
neither 否定意义 表示两者都不，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
all 肯定意义 表示三者或三者以上都，作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致
none 否定意义 表示三者或三者以上都不，作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数
any 肯定意义 表示三者中的任意一个，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与of连用
①Larry asks Bill and Peter to go for a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do.
拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。
②I've lived in New York and Chicago，but don't like either of them very much.
我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。
4．none, no one与nothing的区别
(1)none指人或物，表特指，可与of短语连用，回答疑问词how many/much引起的问句。
(2)nothing指物，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词what引起的问句。
(3)no one/nobody指代人，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词who引起的问句。
I was going to offer you some cakes, but there is none left.
我本打算请你吃些蛋糕，但一点也没剩下。
5．each与every的区别
(1)each强调“个体”，指“(两者或两者以上人或物中的)每个”，可与of短语搭配。
(2)every强调“整体”，指“整体中的每一个”，在句中只作定语，不可与of短语搭配。
①Each of the boys wants to have a try. →The boys each want to have a try.
每个男孩都想试试。
②Every mother loves her children dearly.
每个母亲都非常爱自己的孩子。
6．不定代词的部分否定与全部否定
(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。
①None of us was going to the party.
我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。
(2)当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等以及“every＋名词”的句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。
②Not all of them smoke.
→All of them don't smoke. 他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。
③Not everyone likes music. 并不是所有的人都喜欢音乐。
7．不定代词用于习惯搭配中
nothing but 仅仅，只是
anything but 决不
something of 有几分，略微
or something 诸如此类的人或物
all but 几乎，差不多 every other day 每隔一天
each other (两者)互相
one another ... (三者或三者以上)互相
one ..., the other ... (两者中)一个……另一个……
some ..., others ... 一些……另一些……
（疑问代词what与which）
考点三
用法 例句
What ... for？和What for？用于询问原因和目的 ①—Whatdid you put it into the soup for？—It would improve the taste.
——你为什么把它放到汤里去？
——那会使汤的味道更好。
②—I'm going to the grocery store.—What for We still have enough food in the fridge.
——我打算去食品杂货店。
——为什么？我们的冰箱里还有足够的食物。
What if ...？表示假设、建议、征求意见或疑虑 What ifhe doesn't come tomorrow 要是他明天不来了怎么办？
What do you mean (by ...)？表示愤怒、不满等情绪 What do you mean byshutting the door so loudly？你关门这么大声音是什么意思？
1．what的习惯用法
What/How about ...？用于征求对方意见、询问对方的情况 —We need one more player.
—What aboutLily She is a very nice girl.
——我们还需要一个队员。
——李莉怎么样？她是个很不错的姑娘。
So what？那又怎么样呢？(表示不感兴趣或认为不重要) —He took the first place in the match！
—So what？
——他比赛得了第一名！
——那又怎么样？
Guess what？你猜怎么着？(用以引起他人的注意) Guess what Tomgot married to Marry.你猜怎么着？汤姆和玛丽结婚了。
Like what？比如说？ —I hope you will buy me a special gift for my birthday.
—Like what？
——我希望你为我买一份特殊的生日礼物。
——比如说？
注意what与下列黑体名词的搭配。What is
2．which的特定用法
在表示有范围的选择时，只能用which，切不可因汉语思维而误用who或what。
There are several girls on the playground. Which is your sister
操场上有好几位女孩，哪个是你妹妹？
单句语法填空
①I found two books on the desk. ________ is yours
②A ship in the harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.
③________ is the population of Zhejiang Province
④________ do you prefer, desktops or laptops
⑤________ do you mean, you thought I don't mind
①Which　②what　③What　④Which　⑤What
易错点
一　代词“格”的误用
【误】It was a great privilege for I to be able to spend so much time with him down here.
【正】It was a great privilege for me to be able to spend so much time with him down here.
[分析]　介词之后要用宾格代词作宾语，故I改为me。
二　代词单复“数”的误用
【误】The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to him.
【正】The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
[分析]　指代复数名词the students应用复数代词them，故him改为them。
三　代词词“性”的误用
【误】She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because he was worried about her husband's whereabouts.
【正】She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because she was worried about her husband's whereabouts.
[分析]　根据语境可知，担忧丈夫的是主语she，故he改为she。
四　反身代词与人称代词的误用或称谓指代误用
(1)【误】He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.
【正】He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town.
[分析]　根据语境可知，which指代a deep voice，故此处不能用反身代词。
(2)【误】Everyone should take an umbrella with yourself.
【正】Everyone should take an umbrella with himself or herself.
[分析]　根据语境可知，“每个人”与“你自己”并非同一人称的指代。everyone的反身代词应为不知男女的第三人称，故将yourself改为himself or herself。
五　物主代词的误用
【误】We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.
【正】We took our fishing poles and headed for the lake.
[分析]　修饰名词fishing poles应用形容词性物主代词，故ours改为our。
[注意]　造成以上错误的原因是对常见代词的用法掌握不牢。应加强对考点一的学习。另外，平时学习特别是写作时要格外留心此方面的知识。
六　功能词it的缺失和替代词的误用
(1)【误】We think necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.
【正】We think it necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.
[分析]　此句要用it代替不定式短语to make people fully aware of ... 充当形式宾语，故think后要加it。句意：我们认为有必要让人们充分认识违反交通规则的危害。
(2)【误】As you would expect, China's Internet looks different from it of America and Europe.
【正】As you would expect, China's Internet looks different from that of America and Europe.
[分析]　it特指同一事物，that特指单数同类事物，根据语境可知it应改为that。句意：正如你预想的，中国的互联网看起来与美国和欧洲的不同。
[注意]　it是高频考点，除了要掌握it的基本用法外，还应多记忆和it有关的词组、句式及特殊用法。
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