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选择性必修第三册复习
unit1
一、词汇派生
1.precise adj.准确的; 精确的
→ precisely adv.准确地; 精确地; 的确如此
2.realist n.现实主义者; 现实主义画家(或作家等)
→ realism n.逼真, 现实主义; 务实作风
→ realistic adj.现实的; 逼真的
3.dimension n.维; 规模; 范围
→ two-dimensioned adj.二维的
4.human n.人类
→ humantic adj.人文主义的
→ humanity n.人性; 人道; (统称)人类
5.influence n.影响
→ influential adj.有很大影响力的; 有支配力的
6.criticise vi.&vt.批评; 指责; 评价
→ critism n.批评; 指责; 评论
→critic n.批评家；评论家
7.recognise v.认可, 认出来
→ recognition n.承认; 认出; 赞誉
8.purchase vt.购买；采购 n.购买；购买的东西
→purchaser n.购买人；采购人员；买主
9.emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露
→emergence n.出现；兴起
10.subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的
→subsequently adv.随后；后来
11.invest v.投资；投入
→investment n.投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入
12.memorial n.纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物；纪念品adj.纪念的；悼念的
→memory n.记忆力；记性
13.represent v.代表
→representative adj.典型的；有代表性的 n.代表
二、重点词汇
1.precise adj.准确的；精确的
be precise in... 在……方面精确
to be precise 确切地说；准确地说
→precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此
more precisely 更确切地说；更严格地说
2.rank n.地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行
in rank 排名；按等级
take rank with... 和……并列
rank as... 被列为……
rank with... 与……并列
3.purchase vt.购买；采购 n.购买；购买的东西
purchase sth for sb 为某人购买某物
purchase from... 从某处购买；采购
purchase sth with... 用/通过……购买某物
make a purchase购买；采购
4.emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露
emerge from... (从隐蔽处或暗处)出现，浮现，露出
emerge as... 以……的形式出现
It emerged that ...结果发现……
5.convey vt. 表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送
convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递(某物、感情等)
convey sb/sth from A to B把某人/某物从A地运送到B地
convey one's feelings/meanings/appreciation/affection/emotions表达某人的感情/意思/欣赏/感情/情绪
convey to sb that/whclause 向某人表达……
6.subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的
subsequent to... 在……之后
7.invest v.投资；投入
invest in ... 投资到......
invest sth in sth/v.ing 在……上投资，在……投入(时间，精力等)
→investment n.投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入
make an investment 进行投资(或投入)
make an investment in 在……方面投资
8.memorial n.纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物；纪念品adj.纪念的；悼念的
memorial to... 为……设的纪念碑
as a memorial 作为……的纪念
→memory n.记忆力；记性
memory for... 对……的记忆
9.criticise vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价
criticise sb for sth/v.ing因……指责(某人)
10.represent v.代表
represent sb as/to be... 把……说成……；把……描绘成……
represent oneself as/to be... 自称……
→representative adj.典型的；有代表性的 n.代表
a representative for... ……的代理人
as a representative 作为……的代表
11.decline n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少；下降；衰落 vi.& vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝
in the decline of... 在……衰落中
on the decline 逐渐势微；正在衰退
decline by ... 减少了……
decline to... 下降至……
decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
12.recognize v.认识；承认；辨别出
recognize sb/sth by/from sth 从某物中认出某人/某物
be recognized to be/as ... 被认作……
→recognition n.承认；认出；赞誉
beyond recognition 认不出来；面目全非
in recognition of... 承认……而
13.guarantee vt. 保证；确保；肯定……必然发生n.保证；保修单；担保物
guarantee sb/sth against/from sth 保证某人/某物不受某物影响
guarantee to do sth 保证做某事
be guaranteed to do sth 肯定会；必定会
give sb a guarantee (that...) 向某人保证
under guarantee 在保修期内
14.worth adj.有……价值；值……钱
be (well) worth doing ... ……(非常)值得做
be worth the money/an effort/a try 值得花钱/努力/一试
be worth it 值得一干；值得花精力(或时间)
→ worthy adj.值得……的；有价值的
→ worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)；重要的
It is worthwhile to do/doing sth 值得做某事
15.set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
set aside 留出(钱或时间) ；把……放到一旁
set down 让某人下车；写下，记下(＝write down)
set off 出发，动身；引发；使(炸弹等)爆炸
set out 动身，启程(＋for＋地点)；开始工作
set out to do sth＝set about doing sth 开始/着手做某事
set up 建起，设立；建立，开办，创建；竖起；安装好；创造(纪录)
16.bring ...to life 赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来
bring about... 导致；造成
bring back 带回；恢复；使回忆
bring down 降低；减少
bring in 带来；引进；赚钱
bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出
bring out 使显现；出版
三、重点句子
1.In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.(教材P2)
特别是他的绘画作品因其逼真的人类面容和深刻的情感冲击而优于其他绘画作品。
2.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.(教材P3)
他不仅力图表现人物的外在形象，而且力图表现他们内心的温暖和人性。
3.Unlike the earlier Realists who painted in a realistic style, Impressionist painters focused more on their subjective feelings of things and instant impressions.(教材P4)
与早期写实派画家以写实风格作画不同，印象派画家更注重对事物的主观感受和瞬间印象。
4.Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty (1600 1046 BCE).(教材P8)
同样十分重要的(看点)是一组近百件的商代(公元前1600～1046年)青铜器藏品。
5.Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road.(教材P8)
因此，中国的雕塑艺术深受来自于丝绸之路的印度和中亚的佛教艺术的影响。
6.One of the most famous Chinese paintings in the world is the Qingming Shang He Tu or Along the River During the Qingming Festival, by Zhang Zeduan, a court painter for the emperor during the Northern Song Dynasty.(教材P12)
《清明上河图》是世界上最著名的中国画之一，《清明上河图》是北宋皇帝的御用画师张泽端创作的。
四、重点句型
1.While his paintings still had religious themes,they showed real people in a real environment.
2.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects,but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
3.All he wanted after a tiring day was to be left alone.
4.By listening for signposts,you will be able to follow what is being said.
5.Though it is over 500 years old,it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.
6.Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier,it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century.
巩固练习
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.It is very hard to give a precise ________(define) for Western art.
2.He got a good mark in the test, ________(rank) first in his class.
3.He was one of the most ________(influence) painters in this period.
4.He found it ________(increase) difficult to read, for his eyesight began to fall.
5.Sometimes our ________(subject) impression may mislead our judgement.
6.I have been seeking ________(show) the modest aspect of a person by using true examples.
7.The local government has decided to build a ________(memory) to the heroes who lost their lives in the battle against flood.
8.We’d like to go to the new ________(exhibit) where quite a few paintings from famous Chinese painters will be on display.
9.The young artist gained ________(recognise) all through the world years later.
10.The whole world must achieve peace ________(permanent) so as to gain constant development of the economy.
二、根据句意，用适当的单词填空
1.The book transports you ________ another world, one full of amazing experiences.
2.He got into a situation where it was hard to decide ________ was right and wrong.
3.You must have a practical attitude ________ life, and set aside those imaginary dreams.
4.I purchased a delicate gift ________ 100 yuan from one of my old friends.
5.There were so many books in the fair and a book ________ a green cover found favor with me.
三、选词填空
in particular　set apart　concentrate on　a collection of　in time　bring...to life　be fond of
1.With so many distractions outside, I find it hard to ________ my homework.
2.The useful materials ________ from those that are of little use.
3.Alice ________ playing the piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.
4.The headmaster praised some excellent students at the opening ceremony of the school, Wang Lin and Peng Fei ________.
5. ________ nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty was on show at the exhibition.
6.Fortunately, he could run fast enough to save the boy out of danger ________.
7.History ________ through the display of ancient pieces of art.
四、完成句子
1.尽管他已经在美国定居下来，但他仍然关心国内的情况。(even though)
______________，he still cares about what's going on at home.
2.由于高铁给我们的生活带来了极大的便利，所以我们可以在一夜之间穿越半个中国。(as)
_______________，we can travel across half of China overnight.
3.虽然阳光会伤害我们的皮肤，但它也可以帮助人体产生维生素。(while)
____________________，it can help our body produce vitamins.
4.地球似乎是由飘动在太空中的岩石形成的。(appear)
________________ the earth was formed out of rocks floating in space.
5.我女儿被舞者的舞步和她们优雅的姿势吸引了。(fascinate)
My daughter _________ the dancers' steps and their elegant gestures.
6.如果你买我们的产品，我可以保证你会对产品满意的。(guarantee)
_______________________.
7.教育的目的是培养对社会有用的人才。
The purpose of education is __________.
8.周游世界就是为了领略不同的风景，欣赏不同的文化。
To travel around the world is __________.
9.我认为建立一个优秀团队的最好方法就是聚集一群有才华的人。
I believe the best way to build a great team is ____________.
10.大学毕业后，他打算自己创业。
After graduation from college, what he intends to do is __________.
五、阅读
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice. Trip includes round－trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T－shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
1.How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.
2.What will each of the honorable mention winners get
A.A plane ticket.
B.A book by Corinne Szabo.
C.A special T－shirt.
D.A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3.Which of the following will result in disqualification
A.Typing your poem out.
B.Writing a poem of 120 words.
C.Using both sides of the paper.
D.Mailing your entry on October 30.
六、七选五
Carbon Footprint
While making visits to national parks or forest preserves, you'll often be told to leave nothing but footprints. __1__ One is your physical footprint. The other is what is known as your carbon footprint. __2__Often people consider their carbon footprint to be the result of their immediate use of fossil fuels and energy usage, like cooking with natural gas or using petro to run their automobile. __3__ This may include the fossil fuel used to transport the food that you buy at your local grocery store, or the energy used to deal with the waste produced in your household.Taking small steps to reduce your carbon footprint and saving energy is actually fairly simple. __4__ It requires the burning of fossil fuels to make the bottle, transport it, and get rid of it if it's not pared with it, in－house filtration(过滤) systems can reduce your influence and cost for water.Unplugging appliances that are not frequently in use is another way to reduce your carbon footprint. Most of these items have a standby mode(待机模式) that wastes energy even when they're not in use. __5__ What is more, new energy efficient light bulbs, filters, and appliances could also help reduce your carbon footprint.In a word, less energy used means less greenhouse gas produced. With easy steps, you are on your way to reduce the size of the carbon footprint left behind.
A.Cutting off power is the best way to ensure that unnecessary energy is not lost.
B.For instance, the use of bottled water leaves a rather significant carbon footprint.
C.What fossil fuels may lead to carbon footprints
D.However, wherever we go, we actually leave two sets of footprints.
E.We often forget footprints sometimes consequently do harm to the environment.
F.However, your carbon footprint consists of many activities that can be far less obvious.
G.That refers to the level of greenhouse gases your lifestyle and activity produce and send out.
七、语法填空
Street art is a very popular form of art that is spreading quickly all over the world. You can find 1.________ on buildings, sidewalks and street signs. Now even art museums and galleries 2.________(collect) the works of street artists.People often have 3.________(differ) opinions about street art. Some think it is a kind of destruction and 4.________ think it is a very beautiful new form of culture.In the street art world, graffiti(涂鸦) can be the 5.________(popular) of all. It began in New York in the 1960s. First some young people painted words and images on the walls. They found the paintings could show their 6.________(disagree) with society. Later, this colourful, energetic style of writing became 7.________(know) as graffiti.Street artists do this for a reason. Some of them think it is closer to the people, while others try 8.________(express) their political opinions.In today's world, the Internet has a big influence 9.________ street art. Artists show their pictures to audiences all over the world. Many city residents, 10.________， say that seeing a picture on the Internet is never as good as seeing it live. The street art movement lives with the energy and life of cities. It will continue to change and grow.
八、读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I sat in the breakfast corner with my four－year－old son, Matthew, trying to ignore the ache in my stomach. I was still recovering from surgery. I hoped for strength and happiness. But the future seemed so hopeless, I'd always wanted five or six kids. Three surgeries later, that dream would never come true.Matthew jumped up from his spot on the kitchen floor. “Bird！” he shouted, rushing to the sliding door. Sure enough, there was a white dove(鸽子) seated on a rubber tree. It sat there a few moments, and then flew away. I'd never seen one in our neighborhood before.When I dragged myself to the kitchen the next morning, the dove was back. This time it was with a mate carrying twigs(细枝). “Look, Matthew，” I said, pointing to the tree. “They're going to make a nest.” The doves flew in and out of the courtyard all week, building on the top of the rubber tree. Matthew could hardly contain his excitement. Every morning, he'd run into the kitchen and take his spot by the sliding door, talking to the doves while they worked. As much as I was grieving(悲伤), I couldn't help but look forward to the doves' visits too. We watched their progress as if it had been a real－life soap opera unfolding before us. I'd do the cooking and for a moment, my pain disappeared, replaced by joy.Then it all went wrong. The courtyard was a safe enough spot for a nest, but the rubber tree's broad, thin leaves were far from stable. One night, a strong wind blew through, throwing the doves' nest to the ground. I heard the twigs break apart. Nothing good ever lasts. I wouldn't blame the doves if they never came back. But they returned. And they paid no attention to the pile of sticks that had once been their nest. They started again from scratch(从头开始), though the wind destroyed all their hard work. The next day, and the next, they renewed their efforts, as if nothing had happened.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。
I knew I had to do something.
__________
“The birds are back！”Matthew announced
__________
参考答案
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.definition　2.ranking　3.influential　4.increasingly　5.subjective　6.to show　7.memorial　8.exhibition　9.recognition　10.permanently
二、用适当的单词填空
1.to　2.what　3.to/towards　4.for　5.with
三、选词填空
1.concentrate on　2.have been set apart　3.is fond of　4.in particular　5.A collection of　6.in time　7.was brought to life
四、完成句子
1.Even though he has settled down in America
2.As the high－speed railway has brought great convenience to our life
3.While sunshine can do harm to our skin
4.It appears that
5.was fascinated by
6.If you buy our products, I can guarantee that you will be satisfied with them　
7.to develop talents that are useful to society
8.to enjoy different scenery and appreciate different cultures
9.to gather a group of talented people
10.set up in business
五、阅读
1. A　细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice.”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
2.C　细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T－shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。
3.B　细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字，否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项(写一首120字的诗)是会被取消资格的。故选B。
六、七选五
1.D　下一句提及了两种足迹，显然需填入D项。
2.G　前一句引入一个新概念carbon footprint，显然填入内容是对该定义的解释，因此选G项。
3.F　结合文意，空缺处前一句与后一句在文意上是转折关系，因此需填入过渡句表示文意转折，并且与碳足迹的构成有关，由此不难确定答案选F。
4.B　上一句提到减少碳足迹、节省能源很简单，下一句是列举实例进行说明，由此不难确定空缺处应填入B项。
5.A　上一句提到待机模式浪费能源，显然空缺处提及的是关掉电源可以节省能源，因此填入A项。
七、语法填空
1.it　此处指你可以在建筑物上、人行道上、街道指示牌上看到街头艺术，指代上文提到的street art应用代词it。
2.are collecting　根据句中的时间状语Now可知应用现在进行时，又因主语是复数，故填are collecting。
3.different　根据后句的提示可知人们对街头艺术有不同的看法。故此处应填形容词different，修饰名词opinions。
4.others　该空和前面的Some呼应，构成“some...，others...”句型，意为“一些……，另一些……”。
5.most popular　根据前面的比较范围In the street art world和后面的of all可知，此处应用最高级形式，故填most popular。
6.disagreement(s)　分析句子成分可知，此处需要填名词作宾语。
7.known　become作“变得；变成”讲时为连系动词，后应加形容词作表语。become known as...意为“作为……而出名”。
8.to express　句意为：一些街头艺术家认为街头艺术与人们更亲近，而另一些街头艺术家设法表达自己的政治观点。try to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“尽力做某事”。
9.on　have a big influence on...为固定搭配，意为“对……有重大影响”。
10.however　前一句讲艺术家通过网络将作品展示给全世界的观众，设空后讲许多人认为在网上看一幅画绝对不如现场看到一幅画好。设空处应填一个表示转折意义的词，故填however。
八、读后续写
参考范文：
I knew I had to do something. The doves had given me something to look forward to, even on my darkest days. I was going to help them in return. I woke up the following morning with a plan. There was only an hour before the time when the doves usually made their visits. I looked through the garage for an old piece of shelving. I leaned a stepladder by the sliding door, hammered the shelving into the wall next to the rubber tree and covered it with leaves so it looked like part of the tree. Then Matthew and I stood by the door, waiting and hoping.“The birds are back！” Matthew announced. There they were adding bits and pieces to the new nest. “It works! The doves are back.” We watched three chicks break free from their shells. Life was filled with wonders and surprises like a pair of white doves building a nest on the top of a rubber tree, with me waiting and hoping.
unit2
一、词汇派生
1.dominate vt.& vi. 支配; 控制; 占有优势
→dominance n. 支配; 控制
→dominant adj. 占支配地位的; 占优势的; 显著的
2.psychology n. 心理学; 心理; 心理影响
→ psychological adj. 心理上的
3.reward vt.&n. 回报; 奖励; 报酬; 给以报酬
→ rewarding adj.有益的; 报酬高的
4.rely vi.依赖; 依靠; 信赖
→ reliance n.依赖; 依靠; 信赖
→ reliable adj.可靠的; 可信赖的
5.pessimistic adj. 悲观的; 悲观主义的
→ pessimism n.悲观
→ pessimist n.悲观主义者
6.delete v.删去; 删除
→ deletion n. 删除
7.surgeon n.外科医生
→ surgery n. 外科手术; 外科学
8.liberate v. 解放; 使自由
→ liberation n. 解放; 摆脱
9.disturb vt. 打扰; 搅乱; 使烦恼
→ disturbing adj. 令人不安的; 引起烦恼的
→ disturbed adj. 心神不安的; 心烦意乱的
10.refresh vt. 使恢复精力; 使凉爽; 刷新
→ refreshing adj. 提神的; 使人精力充沛的
二、重点词汇
1.abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
abuse of sth 滥用；妄用
open to abuse 容易被滥用
alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒；
a shower of abuse 一顿大骂
abuse one's authority/power 滥用权力
abuse one's privileges 滥用特权
abuse sb's confidence/trust 辜负了某人的信任
abuse sb's kindness 辜负了某人的一片好心
→abuser n.虐待者；滥用人士
drug abuser 瘾君子；吸毒者；滥用药物者
2.dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
dominate over... 控制
→domination n.控制；统治
3.cue n.提示；暗示；信号vt. 给(某人)暗示(或提示)
(right) on cue 恰好在这时；就在这时候
cue sb in 提示/暗示某人
4.reward n.回报；奖励；报酬vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
as a reward for... 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
in reward for... 作为报答
reward sb for sth 因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb with sth 用某物回报某人
→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的
5.rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
rely on... 依赖；依靠；信赖
rely on doing sth 依靠做某事
rely on sb to do sth 依靠某人来做某事
rely on sth to do sth 依靠某物做某事
→reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的
6.examine vt. 检查；审查；测验
examine sb/sth for sth 为某事检查某人/某物
examine sb in/on sth 在(某方面)考查/测验某人
examine into... 检查/调查
→examination n.审查；调查；考查
7.discipline n.自制力；纪律；学科vt. 自我控制；管教；处罚
school discipline 校规
discipline inspection 纪律检查
discipline oneself to do sth 约束自己做某事
→disciplined adj.遵守纪律的；受过训练的
be disciplined for... 因……而受处罚
8.compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写
be composed of... 由……组成(或构成)的
compose for... 为……作曲
9.shave vi.& vt.& n. 剃(须发)；刮脸
shave off 剃掉；刮去
shave sth off sth 从……剃掉；刮去……
shave up 剃光
10.skip vt. 跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n.蹦跳
skip through 跳读；浏览
skip off/out 溜走；匆匆离开
skip about 跳来跳去
skip along 跳着往前走
give a skip 跳过
11.stimulate vt. 激发；促进；刺激
stimulate by... 靠……来刺激
stimulate sb to do sth 刺激某人做某事
stimulate sb into new efforts 激励某人作出新的努力
→stimulation n.激励；兴奋(作用)
12.refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新
refresh oneself with 以……醒脑提神；解乏
refresh one's memory of 唤起某人……的记忆
→refreshment n.(在公共活动场所供应或销售的)饮料，小食；食物和饮料；恢复活力；焕发精神
13.absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收
be absorbed in/with 全神贯注于，专心致志于
be absorbed into 被……所吸收；被……所吞并
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
“着迷”归纳
①be addicted to... 对……上瘾
②be keen on... 热衷于
③be crazy about... 对……着迷
④be fascinated with/by... 对……着迷
14.make up one's mind 下定决心
make up one's mind to do sth 下定决心做某事
change one's mind 改变主意
have/keep/bear ...in mind 将……记在心里
mind doing sth 介意做某事
mind your own business 少管闲事
never mind 没关系
三、重点句子
1.As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions.(教材P14)
随着青少年的成长，他们变得更加独立，开始自己做决定。
2.The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.(教材P15)
奖励使我们更有可能持续此循环，依赖不健康零食的坏习惯就形成了。
3.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.(教材P15)
我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果我们不能马上成功，我们通常会变得悲观甚至放弃。
4.Simply speaking, a healthy lifestyle is about finding the right balance and making good choices.(教材P16)
简单地说，健康的生活方式就是找到正确的平衡，做出好的选择。
5.After that I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks that I used to have every day.(教材P20)
从那以后，我不再买以前每天吃的糖果、饼干和含糖饮料。
6.It was a big struggle not to join my friends in playing online games as I'm mad for them.(教材P20)
不和朋友们一起玩我为之疯狂的网络游戏是需要经历一番很艰难的斗争的。
7.And if that's true for me, then it might truly be possible to change the world for the better.(教材P20)
如果这对我来说有用，那么也有可能通过这样的方式让世界变得更美好。
四、重点句式
1.句型公式: if条件状语从句的省略
These bad habits, if left unchecked(如果不被控制), could lead to more serious
ones when they become adults.
2.句型公式: to do不定式在句子中充当主语
To change bad habits(改变坏习惯) is never easy, even with many attempts.
3.句型公式: so...that “如此……以至于”引导结果状语从句。
I got so absorbed(如此受吸引以至于) I played the games day and night.
巩固练习
一、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词。
1.They now have yet another _________ (毒品) problem on their hands.
2.The new trade agreement should __________ (促进) more rapid economic growth.
3.According to modern __________(心理学), we must first learn about the “habit cycle”.
4.The police say the __________ (回应) has been far better than expected. to the cue.
5.Bill was doing a lot of __________ (身体的) exercise to build up his strength.
6.After the __________ (悲观的) sales forecasts, production was halved.
7.England, Scotland and Wales _________ (构成) the island of Great Britain.
8.Talk quietly in the reading room in order not to __________ (打扰) others.
9.The government has set up a committee to __________ (检查) the fishing industry.
10.Large paintings can _________ (增强) the feeling of space in small rooms.
二、请根据首字母提示，完成下列单词填空题。
1.All this had an extremely n_________ effect on the criminal justice system.
2.We waited three months before going back to see the s_________.
3.My beard had started to grow, but I was unwilling to s_________ it off.
4.It is becoming more acceptable for women to drink a_________.
5.Your encouragement will s_________ me to further efforts.
三、根据句意，用适当的单词填空。
1.Many people cycle to work in response ________ the government's call for living a low－carbon life.
2.Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was rewarded ________ a magnificent view.
3.I would be very grateful if you could take some time to make changes ________ my resume.
4.Dr.Wang's advice is that he combine a balanced diet ________ regular exercise to keep fit.
5.________ is a must to master these skills to do the job.
四、单句语法填空。
1.________(absorb) in his games，he didn’t notice that person.
2.What do you usually do to get ________(refresh) when you are tired
3.The old woman was _________(wear) out and she couldn’t walk any further.
4.To keep slim，you’d better not eat too much________(sugar) food.
5.Later he found it ______(disturb) to work with such a talkative person.
6.It is said that several __________(special) will come to assess the project.
7.The new text _______(compose) of three parts is hard to recite.
8.I heard that she got _______(marry) as soon as she graduated from college.
9.To prevent the rich and powerful ________(abuse) their power, the government laid down related laws.
10.That young man is honest cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short，he's ________(rely).
五、完成句子。
1.在你的演讲的鼓舞下，年轻人已经下定决心实现他们的梦想。
Encouraged by your speech, the young people have ________________ their dreams.(make up one's mind)
2.这张桌子太占地方了。
This table ________________.(take up)
3.很明显删去这部分不会损害故事的连续性。
It is obvious that this part can ________________ without harming the continuity of the story.(cut out)
4.每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。
________________ they came to help us.(whenever)
5.若要说他和这事有什么关系的话，那似乎也是很少的。
He seems to have little, ________________，to do with this matter.(if型省略结构)
6.他病得很重，应该立即去看医生。
He is seriously ill. He should go and see a doctor ________________.
7.除了这两本书外，他还写了一些剧本和电影脚本。
________________ these two books，he has written some plays and film scripts.
8.你开车这么快很危险。
________________ so fast.
9.我没有早些答复，很是无礼。
________________ early.
10.从哪里去借这笔钱还不得而知。
________________ this sum of money is not known.
六、阅读理解。
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin－Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW－Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four－year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68－year－old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers，” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first－generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
1.What did Jennifer do after high school
A.She helped her dad with his work.
B.She ran the family farm on her own.
C.She supported herself through college.
D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
2.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield
A.To take care of her kids easily.
B.To learn from the best nurses.
C.To save money for her parents.
D.To find a well－paid job there.
3.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal
A.Her health.
B.Her time with family.
C.Her reputation.
D.Her chance of promotion.
4.What can we learn from Jennifer's story
A.Time is money.
B.Love breaks down barriers.
C.Hard work pays off.
D.Education is the key to success.
七、七选五。
When it comes to helping students learn and mature, there are several ways to increase their well－being. Although your children may be succeeding in the classroom, there are a few things that you still can do.Encouraging physical activity is the first thing you can do. More and more children do not participate in sports after school. It's important for you to encourage mobility with sports that are played after class. You should find sporting equipment, basketball courts and play areas where kids can increase their well－being.__1__Secondly, you can provide proper nutrition for your children. It's important for your children to receive proper nutrition both inside and outside of the home. __2__ You'd better make it a point to provide enough nutrition for their proper development and growth. __3__ Many parents fail to stop children from using smartphones and computers. There are some institutions that even encourage too much screen time as a way to teach children or keep them entertained. You should help the children remain excited without sitting in front of a screen throughout the day.Last but not least, monitoring bullying(欺凌) is also an essential part. Bullying continues to remain a common problem in some schools, making it important that the environment that your children grow in holds a high standard. __4__It's important to examine the school life as a whole to determine what factors are missing. __5__ You may determine how well they adjust to the world around them and succeed in life.
A.You should provide kids with fresh food.
B.Besides, you'd better limit their screen time.
C.It will encourage children to focus on their study.
D.In addition, try your best to give them more freedom.
E.This will reduce the risk of health problems that include obesity.
F.You can advise teachers to keep a practice of looking for bullying.
G.Parents play a significant role in children's growth and well－being.
八、语法填空
He was a professor. At the age of 90, he still worked eight hours every day regardless 1.________ the weather.His secretary said, “He was extremely old, but he forced 2.________(he) to walk from his living place to the office through two blocks. It would take him 3.________ hour to do so, but he insisted because it made him get a sense of 4.________ (succeed).”One day, a university student 5.________(step) out of his office with a pile of books. He complained, “He always answers my questions with just a yes or no. However, he always gives me dozens of books and suggests me 6.________(find) the answer on my own.”By chance, the professor knew what the student complained about. He explained to him with a smile, “This is the method I have learnt—the 7.________(hard) you work independently, the better solutions you will find. If you can make full use of the books, you will 8.________(probable) become a good lawyer in the future.”This 90－year－old man was Pound, 9.________ was the president of Law College of Harvard. He believed “all slopes are easy to 10.________(go) down”， of which he often reminded his students.
九、读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Long ago, in a remote village, there was a place known as the House of 1，000 Mirrors, which a great number of people visited every day. Nobody knew why the house had been built with so many mirrors.A happy little dog heard of this place and decided to pay a visit himself. He ran all of his way with a happy heart. So long was the way that he spent many days on his way. When he arrived, although tired, he jumped happily up the stairs to the doorway of the house. There was a hole in the door. He looked through the hole with his ears lifting high and his tail shaking as fast as it could. To his great surprise, he found himself looking at 1，000 other happy little dogs with their tails shaking just as fast as his. He laughed a lot, and was answered with 1，000 great smiles just as warm and kind as his. As he left the house, he said to himself, “This is a wonderful place. I will come back and visit it often. And I will tell all my friends to come here to enjoy the wonderful sight.”In this same village, another little dog, which was sad and blue all the day, also decided to visit the house. After running on the way for so long a time, he felt tired as well as depressed. He slowly climbed the stairs and hung his head as he looked into the hole in the door. To his great surprise, he saw the 1，000 unfriendly dogs looking at him, so he barked at them right away.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Then he was terrified to see 1，000 little dogs barking back at him.___________
Instead, the happy little dog came back together with lots of good friends.__________

参考答案
一、根据汉语写单词。
1.drug 2.facilitate 3.psychology 4.response 5.physical 6.pessimistic 7.compose 8.disturb 9.examine 10.enhance
二、写单词。
1.negative 2.specialist 3.shave 4.alcohol 5.stimulate
三、根据句意填单词。
1.to　2.with　3.to　4.with　5.It
四、单句语法填空。
1.Absorbed 2.refreshed 3.worn 4.sugary 5.disturbing 6.specialists 7.composed 8.married 9.abusing 10.reliable
五、完成句子
1.made up their minds to realize
2.takes up too much room
3.be cut out
4.Whenever we met with difficulties
5.if any
6.straight away　7.Aside from　
8.It's quite dangerous for you to drive
9.It was very rude of me not to reply
10.Where to borrow
六、阅读理解
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW－Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four－year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW－Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW－Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。
3.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。
4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first－generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。
七、七选五
1.E　根据本段第一句Encouraging physical activity is the first thing you can do.可知，本段主题是鼓励孩子们参加体育活动，这会改善孩子的身体状况。故E项(这会降低包括肥胖在内的健康问题的风险)符合语境。
2.A　根据本段首句中的provide proper nutrition可知，本段与饮食有关。A项中的fresh food与之呼应，符合语境。
3.B　根据本段中的stop children from using smartphones and computers可知，本段建议限制孩子们看手机或电脑的时间。故B项符合语境。
4.F　根据本段首句中的monitoring bullying is also an essential part可知，本段主题是防治校园欺凌。F项中的looking for bullying与之呼应。
5.G　根据设空处后的You may determine how well they adjust to the world around them and succeed in life.可知，此处重申家长在孩子的成长过程中起着非常重要的作用。G项中的play a significant role与之呼应。
八、语法填空
1.of 　regardless of“不论，不管”，是固定短语。
2.himself　force的宾语与主语指代一致，故用反身代词himself; force sb. to do sth.“强迫某人做某事”。
3.an　此处表示“这大概花费他一个小时的时间”。hour以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
4.success 　作介词of的宾语，表示“成功”，故填名词success。
5.stepped 　由one day可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填stepped。
6.finding　suggest后接动名词作宾语补足语，suggest sb. doing sth.“建议某人做某事”。
7.harder　此处是“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”结构，表示“越……越……”，故填harder。
8.probably　作状语，修饰动词become，意为“可能”，用副词probably。
9.who　所填词引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词指人，故用who。
10.go　“形容词＋不定式”是固定用法，在此作表语，easy to go down“容易走”。
九、读后续写
参考范文：
Then he was terrified to see 1，000 little dogs barking back at him. He felt depressed and frightened, and decided to leave. As he left, he thought that place was a really terrible place, and there were so many unfriendly dogs which barked at him. He decided that he would never come back and visit it again and he would advise all his friends not to come here to see the horrible dogs. Thus he left the house and never returned.Instead, the happy little dog came back together with lots of good friends. They jumped and laughed around the house. Therefore, they saw thousands of laughing dogs in the mirrors. They felt happy. In fact, all the faces in the world are mirrors. What kind of reflections you see on the faces of the people you meet depends on what expression they find on your face. Thus, to live in a wonderful place full of kindness and love, you have to be a kind person with love in your heart first.
unit3
一、词汇派生
1.starve vi.&vt. (使)挨饿；饿死
→ starvation n．饿死；挨饿；绝食
2.sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
→ sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
3.comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
→ comprehension n．理解
4.frequent adj. 频繁的；经常的
→ frequently adv.频繁地；经常
→ frequency n．频率；频繁
5.restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚
→ restriction n.限制规定;限制法规；约束
→ restrictive adj.限制的；限制性的；约束的
6.harmony n．协调；和睦；融洽；调和
→ harmonious adj.和谐的
7.origin n.起源；开始
→ original adj.原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的
→ originate vi.&vt.起源；发源；创立
8.regular adj.定期的；规律的
→ regularly adv. 定期地；规律地
→ regulation n. 章程；规章制度
9.inspect vt. 检查；查看；视察
→ inspection n. 检查；查看；视察
10.tolerate vt. 忍受；包容；容许
→ tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的
→ tolerance n.宽容；容忍
11.annual adj. 每年的；一年的 n. 年刊；年鉴
→ annually adv. 每年；年年
12.reform vi. & vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造 n. 改革；变革；改良
→ reformation n. 改进；改革；变革
→ reformer n. 改革者；改良者；革新者
→ reformist adj. 改革主义的 n. 改革主义者；改革者
13.conservation n. (对环境、文物等)保护；保持
→ conservative adj.保守的；因循守旧的
→ conserve v. 保护；保存
二、一词多义
1.release vt.&n.排放；释放；发布
①Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage. (vt. 释放)
②Under the agreement，releases of cancercausing chemicals will be cut by about 80 percent. (n. 排放)
③He is releasing an album of love songs. (vt. 发布)
2.seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制
①“Leigh，” he said，seizing my arm to hold me back. (vt. 抓住)
②Troops have seized the airport and railway terminals[vt. (铁路枢纽).夺取]
③UN officials say two military observers were seized by the Khmer Rouge yesterday. (vt. 控制)
三、知识要点
1.starve vi.&vt. (使)挨饿；饿死
The new job doesn't pay as much but we won't starve!
新工作的工资不多，不过我们不至于挨饿！
A number of the prisoners we saw are starving.
我们看到的一些囚犯快要饿死了。
[造句] 如果你再浪费粮食，我就让你挨饿。
If you waste any food again，I will starve you.
[知识拓展]
starve to death 饿死
starve for... 渴望；急需
→ starved adj. 感到很饿的
be starved to death 被饿死
be starved of/for... 极需；缺乏
→ starvation n. 挨饿；饿死
die of starvation 饿死
→ starving adj. 饥饿的；挨饿的
[小片段助记]
Mr. White earns only a little wage，so he starves for a job with better pay.You see，no one likes to starve to death.

2.refer to... 查阅，参考；涉及，关于；提到，谈起，指的是；提交
I promised not to refer to the matter again.
我答应过不再提这事了。
Please refer to the right-hand column of page 200 of this dictionary.
请参看这本词典第二百页右面一栏。
[造句] 那句话与她无关。
That remark does not refer to her.
→ reference n. 提到;谈及;参考;查询;查阅
for reference 作参考
keep it for reference 备作参考
in reference to that incident 关于那件事
without reference to ...不管,不论,与…无关
3.be trapped in 被困在……中
If the bus was trapped in the snow，there was virtually no
way to evacuate those four kids.
如果公共汽车被困在暴风雪中，那么几乎没有方法使这四个孩子 撤离。
He was trapped in an unhappy marriage.
他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。
[造句] 她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
She was trapped in the burning house.
[小片段助记]
The hunter set a trap which was used to trap the animal into moving into the trap.But the little boy fell into the trap by accident.

4.result in... 导致；造成......
Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different
symptoms.
食物过敏会引发很多不同的症状。
These policies resulted in many elderly people feeling happy.
这些政策使得许多老人感到幸福。
[造句] 当你有信心的去做某事，就会成功。
When you do something with faith，it will result in success.
[知识拓展]
result from... 由……引起，由……产生
Success results from hard work.
成功来自努力的工作。
His illness resulted from bad food.
他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。
as a result 因此
as a result of... 由于...
He was ill. As a result，he was late for class.
＝As a result of his illness，he was late for class.

5.restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚
Having small children tends to restrict your freedom.
有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。
The long skirt restricted her movements.
长裙妨碍了她的行动。
[造句] 不要限制她的适当的活动。
Don't restrict her proper activities.
[知识拓展]
restrict...to... 把……限制在……
be restricted to... 限于......
restrict sb./oneself to doing sth. 约束……干……
I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.
We restrict the number of students per class to 10.
→ restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；控制
without restriction 毫无限制
The park is open to the public without restriction．
→ restrictive adj. 限制(性)的；约束(性)的

6.seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制
She tried to seize the gun from him.
她试图抢夺他的枪。
The army has seized control of the country.
军队已经控制全国。
[造句] 这是我们要明智把握的一个共同机遇。
This is a joint opportunity that we are wise to seize.

7.submit vt.&vi. 提交；呈递；屈服；顺从；认为
Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.
完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。
But I cannot submit，I can become my own master.
但我并不会屈服的，我会成为自己的主人的。
[造句] 被告律师认为这一证据不可采纳。
Counsel for the defence submitted that the evidence was inadmissible.
[小片段助记]
The general had to submit the agreement to the enemies.That is to say，he submitted to them.
[知识拓展]
submit oneself to... 甘受……；服从……
submit ... to ... 向……提交……
→ submission n. 提交的文件；屈服；服从
8.be sensitive to... 对……敏感
I learned that a fish is a kind of cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.
→ sensible adj. 明智的；意识到的
be sensible of... 意识到……；认识到……
If you are not sensible of the dangers of your position, you will suffer a lot sooner or later.
→ sense n. 感觉；见识；意义；理智 vt. 感觉到
make sense 讲得通；有道理
make sense of ... 理解；弄懂......
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不(置于句首句子用倒装)
In no sense can the issue be said to be resolved.

9.end up＋adj./v.-ing 最后/最终……
end up as ... 最终成为或变成……
end up with ... 以……结束(后接表示具体事物的名词)
end up in ... 以……结束(后接表示抽象概念的名词)
end up with... 后接表示具体事物的名词，该名词是事情发展的最后 一部分；
end up in... 后接表示抽象概念的名词，该名词是指事情发展的结果。
①You will end up in failure if you don't follow my advice.
②If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting something you don't want.
[造句]①你在睡觉前闻一闻这些花，即可终得美梦。
Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams.
②他努力工作，最终成了这家公司的总经理。
He worked hard and ended up as general manager of the company.
四、重点句式
1.There is little doubt that...
[教材原句 P26]There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和。
句式分析：There is little/no doubt that...毫无疑问……；doubt 后 面用 that 引导同位语从句；当 doubt 用于否定句和疑问句时，后面的 从句用 that 引导；用于肯定句时，后面的从句用 whether 引导。
[例 1] There is no doubt that it was a strange and interesting
situation.
毫无疑问，那是一个奇怪而有趣的局面。
[例 2] There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问，我们做得对。
[造句] 他是否会来帮助我们还有些疑虑。
There is some doubt whether he will come to help us.
[知识拓展]
(1)I have no doubt that... 我确信……
I have some doubt whether... 我怀疑……
(2)I doubt whether/if-clause 我怀疑……
I don't doubt thatclause 我不怀疑……
Do you doubt thatclause 你怀疑……吗？
①I don't doubt that he will succeed.
②I doubt whether/if we will make a profit out of it.
③There is some doubt whether she will come on time.

2.not only...but also...
[教材原句 P27]There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives.
有确凿而全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人员伤亡。
句式分析：句中的 not only...but also... 表示“ 不但 …… ， 而且……”，连接并列的句子结构。
[例 1] Air not only occupies space，but it also has weight.
空气不仅占据空间，而且它还具有重量。
[例 2] Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.
莎士比亚不仅是一个作家，还是一个演员。
[造句] 老工人对青年工人不仅言传而且身教。
The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words but in deeds.
[知识拓展]
(1) not only 与 but also 后面所连接的词的词性必须对等。
(2) not only 只能连用，而 but also 既可连用，也可分开用。not only 与 but also 后面所连接的词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原 则”，谓语动词的数应与 but also 后的名词的数保持一致。
(3) not only 放在句首，后接句子要用部分倒装。
①Not only the students but also the teacher was invited.
②Not only are you funny，but also you are witty (机智的)．
③Not only you but also she has to attend the ceremony.
五、拓展
1."方位名词+后缀-ern“ 构成的方位形容词集锦
①eastern 东方的; 东部的; 来自东方的
②western 西方的; 西部的; 来自西方的
③southern 南方的; 南部的; 来自南方的
④northern 北方的; 北部的; 来自北方的
⑤northwestern 西北方的; 来自西北的
⑥southeastern 东南方的; 来自东南的
2.有无定冠词意义不同的短语荟萃
①in charge of...主管; 看管; 负责
in the charge of...被……掌管; 由……负责
②in control of...控制; 管理
in the control of...被……控制
③in possession of...占有; 拥有
in the possession of...被占有; 为……所有
巩固练习
一、单词拼写，根据汉语写出英语。
1.The young man was asked to help plan Labour’s election ___________ （活动）.
2.The applicants have to________（经历） a 48-hour wait for the results of tests.
3.The Danes have environmental issues high on their _______(议事日程).
4.You’d better keep the room warm，for the old man is ________（敏感的）to the cold.
5.The team enjoyed only_______(中等的) success last season.
6.The cost per household for the collection and _______(处理) of household rubbish is ￡50 a year.
7.The union has proposed new _________(规章制度) to control the hours worked by its employees.
8.The government promised to _____________(使生效) a new system to control financial institutions.
二、用单词的适当形式填空。
1.The project will contribute to ________(develop) the economy and reducing poverty when it is completed.
2.This is the first time we see how energy is involved in the ________(conserve) process.
3.Every weekend there are dozens ________ football and basketball games on television.
4.It is my pleasure to answer the questions ________(regard) the American Civil War.
5.So far,power ________(restore) in most parts that were hit by high winds last night.
6.Make sure all the elevators must undergo an annual safety ________(inspect).
7.Doing volunteer work can contribute to ________(increase) your sense of confidence and satisfaction with life.
8.Human beings have limited ________(tolerate) to noise.
9.She ________(fine) $300 and banned from driving for one month.
10.He explained this ________(regulate) to me word for word.
三、根据汉语完成句子。
1.全世界的人或许都感到了最近几年气候一直在变得越来越温暖。
People around the world may feel that the climate has been _______________ in recent years.
2.毫无疑问，好事情会来的，当它来的时候，会是一个惊喜。
_________________ the good thing will come, and when it comes, it will be a surprise.
3.西方的节日对中国的文化有影响吗？
Does Western festivals ________________________________ Chinese culture
4.2021年春季，这个地区发生了突发性气候变化，造成大量的庄稼死亡。(非谓语动词作状语)
In the spring of 2021, the sudden climate change occurred in this area，______________________.
5.路上堵车了，要不然我一小时前就到了。(含蓄虚拟语气)
There was a traffic jam on the way; otherwise _________________.
6.人们认为克隆技术是保护濒危物种的有效方法。(it作形式主语)
______________________________
7.当你受邀到朋友家里做客时，请尽量表现得体。(状语从句的省略)
______________________________
8.She said to me, “You went to the party last night, didn't you？”(变间接引语)
_____________________________
9.Mom said to me, “Will you first have supper or finish your homework？”(变间接引语)
_____________________________
10.“Please open the window，” the teacher said to Li Ming.(变间接引语)
____________________________
四、阅读理解
In the mid－1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more thanthat. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24－year－old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well－rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
1.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan
A.His friends' invitation.
B.His interest in the country.
C.His love for teaching.
D.His desire to regain health.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Developing a serious mental disease.
B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
3.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan
A.Romantic. B.Eventful.
C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.
4.What is the purpose of this text
A.To introduce a book.
B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer.
D.To recommend a travel destination.
五、七选五
Four simple ways to stay positive
Trying to stay positive is a great way to improve your quality of life. Try these four methods on a daily basis.Don't think a lot about negativity.Of course, staying positive 24 hours a day, seven days a week is a bit difficult. Having things that annoy you is normal, and in fact, it's just healthy to cry or express upset once in a while. It's when those negative moments control your life that your emotional balance is at risk. __1__ However, don't give that sadness another second in your day.__2__What you put into your body directly affects how you feel on the outside. Fill yourself with good, healthy foods like fruit and vegetables and limit snacking. Exercise is equally of great importance. Take a few days out of your week for at least half an hour of exercise, and try to stick to a routine. __3__Be kind to others.__4__ Making someone's day a bit brighter not only puts a smile on his or her face, but also yours. Remember to smile and treat each person with respect. Good deeds can spread, and your positive attitude may spread among others.Take it one day at a time.Being positive isn't an easy thing. It's a steady effort that we follow every hour of every day. __5__Instead, focus on living in the moment and doing what you can to make each moment better.
A.Eat healthily and stay fit.
B.Take your lunch breaks outside.
C.Don't worry about what the future may bring.
D.Gratefulness helps you appreciate life in bad times.
E.Take a few minutes to feel sad and accept what happened.
F.Good feelings come from acts of kindness and selflessness.
G.Even going outside for a walk and enjoying the sunshine can improve your mood
六、语法填空
The year of 2014 was pretty tough for Stevens. Unfortunate 1.________(event) happened to him one after another. He lost all his wealth and couldn't pay for his insurance, but there was even 2.________(bad) news to come. He had skin cancer, 3.________ made him ready to give up.4.________(lucky), he managed to find a job later and moved into a new home. It was then that Stevens seemed to turn a corner and realized his life was still worth 5.________(fight) for. He wrote in his blog, “My wife had told me many times she wished she could visit New York one day. She also wished we had a place 6.________(exercise) outside and watched our daughters playing.” He decided to put his plan into 7.________(act)—building a garden. To make a surprise for his wife, Stevens sent her off for a trip to New York City.Then, he went crazy building the garden. After ten days, all the work 8.________(pay) off. It made a big difference to Stevens's life. He wrote，“The kids love 9.________(they) new space. And I feel strangely 10.________(satisfy) to build this, which inspires me to keep going.”
七、读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Lisa was a little girl, she learned an important lesson from her father. Her father told her that when she faced a problem, she should never give up, and instead she should try another solution. In the following years, Lisa always remembers her father's words.When Lisa was little, she dreamed of becoming a fashion designer after growing up. It was always her dream. But it was not an easy road.After graduating from college, Lisa went to Paris with her designs in order to make her dream come true. In Paris, she tried to talk to famous designers and show them some of her designs, but none of them showed any interest.Though Lisa was discouraged, she didn't give up. One day, at a friend's party, she was introduced to a young lady who was dressed in a beautiful knitted (针织的) sweater. It wasn't a fancy color, but it did have very special stitches(编织法). Lisa asked that lady if she knitted it herself after talking with her for a while. The lady said it was a work of a lady in Paris.Lisa really loved the special stitches and wanted to include them in her designs. And then Lisa had an even braver idea.“Why not own a fashion store of my own That way, I could design, make and sell my own clothes，” she thought. So she decided to begin with that kind of sweater.Later Lisa's friend introduced her to Madam Dean who knitted that sweater. The lady was from Armenia and she learned to knit that kind of sweater from people in her country.Lisa drew a picture of a sweater and asked Madam Dean to knit the sweater for her. Madam Dean agreed. One week later, Lisa got the sweater. The following day after Lisa received it, she wore it to a party in the fashion industry.Lisa was very nervous but she was lucky. Not long after the party began, her sweater drew the attention of a store owner from New York. She wanted to order forty such sweaters in two weeks. Lisa was really happy and accepted the order.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。The next day, Lisa told the good news to Madam Dean. ________________Lisa then remembered her father's words. ___________________________
参考答案
一、单词拼写
1.campaign 2.undergo 3.agenda 4.sensitive 5.moderate 6.disposal 7.regulations 8.implement
二、单句语法填空
1.developing　2.conservation　3.of　4.regarding　5.has been restored　6.inspection　7.increasing　8.tolerance　9.was fined　10.regulation
三、完成句子
1.getting warmer and warmer　2.There is no doubt that　3.have an impact/effect on　4.killing a lot of crops　5.I would have arrived an hour ago　6.It is believed that clone technology is an effective way of protecting endangered species.　7.Please try to behave yourself/be on your best behaviour when invited to a friend's home.　8.She asked me whether I had gone to the party the night before.
9.Mom asked me whether I would first have supper or finish my homework.　10.The teacher asked Li Ming to open the window.
四、阅读
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段的“A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
2.D　词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句“A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引，他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
3.B　推理判断题。根据第三段“This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
4.A　推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
五、七选五
1.E　由本段的主旨句“Don't think a lot about negativity”并结合空前内容可知，本段建议将负面情绪发泄出来，但是不能让这些负面情绪时刻控制你的生活，同时结合空后的内容可知，E项“花几分钟去感受悲伤，并接受已经发生的事情”承上启下，使前后语意连贯，故选E。
2.A　分析文章结构可知，该空是本段的主旨句。本段给出的建议是“Fill yourself with good，healthy foods like fruit and vegetables and limit snacking. Exercise is equally of great importance”，即吃健康的食物，并且坚持锻炼，故A项“健康饮食，保持健康”与下文表达一致。
3.G　空前建议每个星期花几天，每天至少锻炼半个小时，并试着坚持。G项“甚至户外散步并享受阳光都会改善你的情绪”承接上文内容。
4.F　根据本段主旨句可知，本段建议对他人友好，F项中的“kindness and selflessness”与主旨句中的“kind”和本段中的“Good deeds”对应，故选F项。
5.C　由本段的主旨句“Take it one day at a time”可知，本段建议活在当下，且空后的Instead也暗示本空的内容与空后内容相反，故C项“不要担心未来可能会带来什么”符合语境。
六、语法填空
1.events　考查名词复数。根据本句中的“one after another”可判断出，此处应用event的复数形式。故填events。
2.worse　考查形容词的比较等级。根据空格前的“even”可知，此处应用bad的比较级形式，指Stevens失去了所有的财富，但是他遭遇了更不幸的事情。故填worse。
3.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可判断出，空处引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明上文的“He had skin cancer”这件事，关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。
4.Luckily　考查词性转换。语境表示，幸运的是，Stevens成功地找到了一份工作。此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰后

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