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中考阅读专项-文章结构 专项训练1
(篇目1)
一、阅读单选
It’s hard to turn down a tasty banana. They taste good and you don’t have to wash them before eating them. However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.
One reason for this is climate (气候) change. Scientists at the University of Exeter collected data (数据) from 27 countries that produce 86 percent of the world’s bananas. They found that climate change has improved growing conditions in 21 of these countries. In the past 60 years, the average yield (平均产量) has reached 1.37 tons of bananas per hectare (公顷).
However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of the countries, including India, the world’s biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die out.
Shouldn’t bananas grow more easily if it’s hotter outside In fact, the perfect temperature range (范围) for growing bananas is between 24℃ and 32℃. If temperatures get too high, they will stop growing.
Diseases are another danger to bananas. Unlike other plants, the bananas we grow come from shoot cuttings (茎段) rather than seeds (种子). This means that all banana plants have the same genotype (基因型). In other words, if a disease is able to kill one plant, it could kill them all.
One serious disease is called Panama. Caused by fungus (真菌) in the soil, it spreads easily. It has spread across South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia. If one banana plantation suffers from the disease, it will take 30 years until it is able to grow bananas again. Scientists have yet to find a cure for this disease.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指)
A．A banana tastes great.
B．A banana will die out in 30 years.
C．A banana is convenient to be eaten.
2．From the passage, we can learn that __________.
A．in the last few years, the average yield of bananas has increased
B．panama has killed all the bananas in some areas like South Asia
C．the higher the temperature is, the better bananas will grow
3．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The difficulties of growing bananas.
B．The perfect conditions of growing bananas.
C．The reasons for the disappearance of bananas.
4．How is the passage organized
A． B． C．
(篇目2)
Stella magazine asked YouGov, a research center, to interview over 1,000 women in Britain about everything from their eating habits to their relationships and family values, to find out what they really think. Here are some of the results.
Eighty percent of women say that losing their health is their greatest concern (关注点）, followed by putting on weight (52%) and losing their jobs (24%). It seems that British women aren’t too happy with their bodies: twenty-three percent of women are on a diet now and fifty-eight percent have gone on a diet in the past. Only four percent of women do more than seven hours’ exercise per week, while twenty-one percent do no exercise at all.
The biggest challenge for modem women is balancing home and work life (82%), followed by bringing up happy children (56%) and finding time for themselves (52%).
As for their love lives, nine percent of women aged 45-54 met their husbands through the internet, and forty-nine percent of women believe that the best age to get married is between 25 and 29.
And what about the relationships between men and women Fifty-nine percent think fathers should take more responsibility for their children. These women are also not so pleased with their husbands5 efforts at home: fifty-one percent say they now do over seventy-five percent of the housework. Despite this, over seventy percent of women would prefer to have a male boss than a female.
And their heroes The woman they most admire is ex-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (7%), followed by the Queen (5%).
5．According to the passage, what is women’s second greatest concern in Britain
A．Losing their health. B．Putting on weight.
C．Losing their jobs. D．Bringing up children.
6．What can we know from the research
A．Finding time for themselves is the most difficult for British women.
B．Forty-nine percent of women met their husbands through the internet.
C．Most British women are satisfied with their husbands’ efforts at home.
D．The woman that British women most admire is Margaret Thatcher.
7．How is the passage organized
A．By telling stories. B．By listing reasons. C．By using numbers. D．By asking questions.
8．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A． B．
C． D．
(篇目3)
Do you have true friends Do you want to know better between you and your friends There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”.
The first kind of friend is simply acquaintances (熟人), and all you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friend at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friend does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”.
The second kind of friend could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories; you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep(深), such as your wishes or fears(害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel.
The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong, and though they may not be perfect(完美的), they at least will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose(故意地)to hurt you.
We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value(重视) all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances.
9．If you and David are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”.
A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．not friends
10．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A．how to make a best friend B．how to learn from your best friends
C．what a “best friend” is D．what a best friend can do for you
11．From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A．pest friends are important than guest friends
B．we miss our best friends when we’re not with them
C．a best friend hardly does something bad to you
D．a “pest friend” will never become your best friend
12．Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage
A． B． C． D．
13．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Friendship B．Love Your Friends C．Three Types of Friends D．My Friends
(篇目4)
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different ways of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows from one container to another, When the water reaches a certain level, it moves a lever (控制杆) and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries, it was developed. For example, springs (发条) were added around 1,500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1936 the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s easy for ordinary people to own a clock, People began depending on then more and more to ran business, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second.
There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on tine and not missing appointments.
14．Which of the following statement is true
A．The Egyptians spent 100 years, more or less, inventing water clocks.
B．With a sun clock people were able to know midday and midnight clearly.
C．3500 years ago, people used water clocks instead of sundials on rainy days.
D．A sundial was not as big as a sun clock, but it could measure a longer time.
15．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.
16．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage (①=para 1 ②=para 2,....)
A． B．
C． D．
17．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The importance of time.
B．The history of digital clocks.
C．The inventions of clocks.
D．The development of timekeeping.
(篇目5)

How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy.
About 5, 500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows (流动) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条) were added. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It's also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And
nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second.
There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change.
18．What does the word "ordinary" in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．现代的 B．特殊的 C．普通的
19．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the text
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six.
20．What is the correct structure(结构) of the passage ( P1= Paragraph 1)
A．
B．
C．
21．What is the passage mainly about
A．The importance of time.
B．The inventions of clocks.
C．The development of timekeeping.
(篇目6)
Abby’s Lesson
① When talking about obeying rules, Abby will never forget her experience with her father and her pet Tobias, a small mouse at the airport years ago.
② One day, Abby’s father was taking her to visit her grandmother and they are not allowed to take a mouse into another country. It was a rule. But Abby put the mouse into her sock in her bag secretly without telling her dad. When they arrived at the airport, they had to be checked by the X-ray machine. Abby felt her legs shaking and her heart beating fast. Unexpectedly, they passed.
③ On the plane, Abby opened up the bag after her dad and the woman next to her fell asleep. Tobias was excited to jump out from the bag. He landed upside down on the woman’s knee. The woman screamed loudly so that many people on the plane heard the voice. At that moment, Abby put Tobias into her bag quickly. But her dad didn’t know at all but slept.
④ After they landed, Abby’s dad ticked (打勾) NO on a paper to: “Are you bringing any live animals into the country ” But a man at the X-ray machine asked Abby to open her bag. Abby had to open and pulled out the sock. Then the man led Abby and her father into a small, dark room. There were some people in uniforms. Tobias was in the sock on the desk. One police officer talked to Abby’s dad. “This is very serious,” he said, “You have tried to smuggle (偷运) an animal into this country and you have lied on the paper.” “It’s my fault,” Abby said in a small voice, “Dad didn’t know I had Tobias.” The police officer stared at her, “What’s your name Have you ever been in trouble before ” Abby opened her mouth, but no sound came out. At last, her dad had to pay a big fine (罚款) for what Abby did. It cost a lot of money. And Tobias had to go into quarantine (隔离检疫) for six months.
⑤ It must be a real lesson for Abby. From then on, she never breaks the rules any more.
22．From the underlined sentence “Abby felt her legs shaking and her heart beating fast.” in Paragraph 2, we may know Abby felt ____________.
A．pleased B．excited C．nervous D．surprised
23．Which is the correct order of the story
a. Abby put Tobias into the sock in her bag.
b. Tobias was sent to quarantine for half a year.
c. They succeeded in passing through the X-ray machine.
d. Tobias jumped onto a woman’s knee and scared her a lot.
A．a-c-b-d B．d-c-b-a C．d-b-c-a D．a-c-d-b
24．How is the passage organized
A． B． C． D．
25．What lesson can we learn from Abby’s experience
A．We should take care of our pets.
B．We should obey the public rules.
C．We mustn’t tell our parents secrets.
D．We mustn’t take pets to the airport.
(篇目7)
①When it comes to Chinese students considering studying in foreign countries, many of them usually believe that life will be easy and enjoyable. Unfortunately, it’s likely that students with those beliefs will be disappointed very soon after landing at the airport.
②So, what are the problems you may have, and how can you deal with them
③Teaching and learning styles in America are very different from those in China, requiring more critical thinking(批判性思维) and teamwork. In a normal American classroom, one project might be done by a study group in which every person has his/her own responsibility.
④So don’t worry about your language or any grammar mistakes. Just watch what other students do, and don’t be afraid to ask any questions. The discussions, or sometimes ever arguments, that your group members and you hold are likely to be the beginning of a friendship.
⑤Beside schoolwork, another important thing faced by overseas students is homesickness or loneliness. You may miss your parents’ cooking, your pets, or even your old bed. Being away from home can create bitter feelings, especially when faced with the challenges of getting used to a new environment.
⑥What I strongly suggest is to try hard to deal with these feelings. Be open to new friendships. Sign up for school activities, and give yourself permission to enjoy life at school, even if you miss home a lot. Be organized and keep a diary to check your progress. Write down three new things that you’re grateful for every evening, as well as three things you’re looking forward to every morning.
⑦Studying abroad is never simple. In fact, there will be many difficulties every day. But I’m sure you will overcome your difficulties and make your time overseas a success.
26．The article is written for ________.
A．teachers B．parents C．students D．travelers
27．Students in America finish their schoolwork by ________.
A．thinking critically alone B．working in a group
C．watching what others do D．arguing with other students
28．Which is NOT the suggestion to deal with homesickness according to the article
A．Keep a diary. B．Make new friends.
C．Take part in school activities. D．Write a letter to parents daily.
29．How is the article organized
A．①//②③//④⑤//⑥⑦ B．①②//③④//⑤⑥//⑦
C．①//②③④//⑤//⑥⑦ D．①②//③④⑤//⑥⑦
(篇目8)
When you hear the word “hero”, do you think of someone with super powers or someone you know
“A hero is someone who, in spite of（尽管） weakness, doubt or not always knowing the answers, goes ahead and overcomes anyway.” said US actor Christopher Reeve, who was best known for playing Superman .
Facing the spread of novel coronavirus（新冠病毒）, everyone is afraid of deadly disease. But some choose to hold their fear down, stand out and fight the virus. They are known as “heroes in harm’ s way（最美逆行者）.”
Medical workers and scientists are always on the frontlines. Experts Zhong Nanshan, 84, and Li Lanjuan, 73, for example, have worked day and night to develop rapid test kits（快速检测盒）and treat severe（重症的） patients, doctor Zhang Wenhong from Shanghai tries to tell the public about the virus in a humorous way ; Li Wenliang and some other medical workers even lost their lives while fighting the epidemic（流行病）.
Besides these familiar names, many heroes are still unknown, although they have taken risks and played their own part. Construction（建筑）workers race against the time to build makeshift hospitals; volunteers try hard to help; and thousands of media workers keep the public the news and inspiring（感人的）stories.
The battle against an epidemic is hard. But as long as there are heroes and historic deeds, victory will come for sure.
30．Christopher Reeve’s words explain ________
A．why people want to be heroes B．that heroes should have superpowers
C．what a real hero should be like. D．that a hero isn’t always smart
31．What kinds of people are called “heroes in harm’s way”
a. Those who are doubtful. b. Those who stand out in hard times.
c. Those who are responsible. d. Those who are afraid of fighting.
A．b c B．b d C．a c D．c d
32．Paragraph 4 mainly describes ________
A．the roles of elderly volunteers B．humor’s role in the epidemic
C．heroic media workers D．heroic medical workers and scientists
33．How is the passage organized {P=Paragraph)
A． B．
C． D．
34．The story mainly tells us that ________
A．only those who do great things can be heroes
B．many heroes lost their lives during the outbreak
C．all heroes have superpowers
D．many heroes have helped out during the outbreak
(篇目10)
①April 2nd is World Autism Day. What is autism Autism is caused by pervasive developmental disorder. Here are main behavior characteristics of autism.
②·Social communication disorder, live only in their own world.
③·Language communication disorder, difficult to communicate with people around.
④·Repeat strange movements often, unable to accept the changes of familiar environment.
⑤From three characteristics above, people with autism have lots of trouble communicating. They look like normal people, but they experience the world in a very unique way. That is to say, the way how they deal with things and understand the world is not the same as normal people.
⑥Nowadays, the number of autism is 67 million all over the world. One in 160 children is autistic. A school in England for children with autism is finding a new use for virtual reality and VR headsets. Priors Court is a kind of school in Berkshire, southern England. The teachers at school are using high technology to help and learn more about children with autism. As children with autism have problems with places and situations they haven't experienced before well, they like what is familiar and they like their routine. VR headsets make the wearers feel like they are in different places. For example, someone wearing a VR headset can have a 360-degree view of a place as they turn around. With the video, they can even hear the sounds of the place. Teachers are using VR to introduce children to situations like visiting a shopping mall or getting on a plane. They can do so in the safety of their classroom. In addition to getting used to everyday different places in the real world, the children may learn to enjoy new experiences such as skiing or deep-sea diving.
⑦A computer teacher, Nuno Guerreiro from the school said, "We're trying a new data collection system with VR headsets at the same time. The system puts together information about each child every day; what they have eaten, how much sleep and exercise they have had and all their activities. Then it compares those facts to knowing how they are behaving for medical treatment."Guerreiro added the school hoped to share what it learned. "Hope to not only improve people to know more about the treatment and research of the autism, but also draw people's attention to care about autism."
35．What is the structure of the passage
A． B．
C． D．
36．The underlined word "unique" in Paragraph 5 means ______.
A．great B．wrong C．useful D．different
37．According to Paragraph 6, the use of VR headsets is that ______.
A．teachers can take classes for children in other places instead of classrooms
B．children can have the ability of skiing and deep-sea diving in the real world
C．VR experiences can help children feel better about changes from their routine
D．they can make it possible to take children to learn more about high technology
38．According to the passage, we can infer who may be the person with autism
A．Jeff has trouble falling asleep at night and always feels sick in the day.
B．Marie feels unconfident and always afraid to speak in front of the class.
C．Nicky always stays in her private world and even can't understand others.
D．Steve can't concentrate on his study and often fights with others after class.
(篇目11)
①We spend most of our time with friends whom we like. Well, who would stay with a person one doesn't like What kind of people are welcomed by others, then
②There are people that naturally attract you. By being with them just once, you start to like them. If you wonder why they attract people and want to be a person like them, you should learn how to develop the traits that they have.
③Firstly, everybody wants to be happy, and nobody wants to spend their time with a sad person. Well, you see, there is what you call mood linkage. If you are with a jolly (愉快的) person, you are more probably to be happy. When people choose to spend time with a person, they are more likely to choose those who are cheerful. So if you are a happy person, many people will want to spend their time with you.
④Next, everybody needs someone to give encouragement to them, because sometimes in our lives we experience failure, sadness, problems and other bad things. So if you always choose to cheer others up with encouraging words or actions, they will be willing to spend time with you.
⑤Lastly, you are not a friend if you don't lend a hand to your friends when they need help. You should always be helpful to them, no matter what it costs, because when you need help, they will be there for you, too.
⑥It feels good if people want to be your friends because of your character. So if you want to attract friends, I suggest you learn to develop these traits.
39．Why does the writer raise two questions in Paragraph 1
A．Because the writer hasn't decided what to write about.
B．Because the writer wants to show off his ideas.
C．Because the writer wants to make Paragraph 1 more logical.
D．Because the writer wants to draw readers' attention to the article.
40．The writer mentions all the following that attracts others, EXCEPT __________.
A．being a happy person B．being polite
C．being encouraging D．being helpful
41．Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage (①=Paragraph1，…)
A． B． C． D．
42．The best title for the passage is ___________.
A．How To Be an Attractive Person B．How To Introduce the traits Of Oneself
C．How To Live A Happy Life D．How To Find a Real friend
(篇目12)
Almost every kid on the planet loves snacks, but they seldom care how healthy they are. Although some snacks like chocolate and candies are found everywhere, others are unique to a country or a culture.
In Japan, matcha (抹茶) is a kind of green tea powder. It is made from tea leaves and can be used with ice cream or cake. In fact, matcha came from China first but took off in Japan. Biscuits or cookies covered with chocolate are also a Japanese favorite.
Potato chips and French fries are very popular in the US. They are cheap but tasty. But they are high in calories and eating too much may make you fat. Popcorn is another typical snack. People eat it when they are watching sports games or visiting the amusement park. Most cinemas also sell popcorn.
In the UK, many people sit down for snacks at around 4 p.m. every day. They call it "afternoon tea". Traditional afternoon tea is biscuits and tea. People also have the scones (烤饼) with jam and cream, which is probably the most classic English snack. Potato chips and French fries, are popular in the UK, too.
Do you want to eat snacks in a healthy way Here are some helpful tips. Have a look! A handful of walnuts is great for your brain. But a whole bag will add nothing but fat. If you're crazy for chocolate, try a hot chocolate drink instead of a chocolate bar. Don't eat too many snacks after dinner.
43．Most kids usually don't think about ______.
A．where to find snacks like chocolate and candy B．whether snacks are healthy or not
C．why they love to eat snacks D．what snacks stand for a country or a culture
44．______ is (are) popular both in the US and in the UK.
A．Biscuits and cookies B．Popcorn
C．Potato chips and french fries D．The scone
45．Paragraphs 2-4 mainly talk about ______.
A．some snacks are special to a country or a culture B．the most delicious snacks around the world
C．some helpful tips to eat snacks in a healthy way D．why some snacks are popular in some countries
46．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage (P=Paragraph)
A． B． C． D．
试卷第12页，共15页
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B
5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A
9．B 10．C 11．B 12．B 13．C
14．D 15．C 16．A 17．D
18．C 19．C 20．A 21．C
22．C 23．D 24．A 25．B
26．C 27．B 28．D 29．B
30．C 31．A 32．D 33．B 34．D
35．B 36．D 37．C 38．C
39．D 40．B 41．D 42．A
43．B 44．C 45．A 46．A

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