资源简介 2023年初中英语语法:连系动词概念及用法分析连系动词的理解与用法一、连系动词的概念说明你在汉语中听说过“连系动词”吗?没有!连系动词是很具英语特色的一类动词,简单地说,连系动词就是表示不完全谓语关系的动词——用于表明真正的谓语(即表语)在其后。连系动词有一定的词义,但不完整。不能单独作谓语,必须和表语连用,构成系表结构,也叫做复合谓语。常用的系动词有:be(是), become(变得), turn(变得),seem(似乎),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到、摸起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来), remain(仍是),get(变、是),appear(显得),go(变得),come(变成),stay(保持)等。如:The children are very happy. 孩子们很快乐。She seems angry. 她似乎很生气。Our dream has come true. 我们的梦想实现了。We get wiser as we get old. 随着年岁的增长,我们也变得聪明些了。二、连系动词的语法特点英语中所有的连系动词都是不及物的,所以所有连系动词都不能用于被动语态,即使有时在汉语中有被动意味也是如此。如:他的解释听起来很有道理。误:His explanation is sounded reasonable.正:His explanation sounds reasonable.从汉语来看,“他的解释”自己不能“听”,应该是“被听”才对,所以上面的误句据此用了被动语态。但是,由于sound在此是连系动词,它不能用于被动语态。其实,sound在此的意思不是“听”,而是“听起来”,或者说是“被听起来”。英语系动词有哪些种类根据系动词的语义特点,系动词可以分为以下几类:1. 状态系动词:用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。如:He was famous as a scholar. 作为一位学者他很著名。We are anxious about his safety. 我们为他的安全而忧虑。2. 持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand等。如:Would you please keep silent a minute 可以请你安静一下吗 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3. 表像系动词:用来表示“看起来像”这样的意思,主要有seem, appear, look等。如:He seems to be asleep. 他似乎睡着了。It appears a true story. 它似乎是一个真实的故事。He looks like my brother. 他看上去好像我的哥哥。4. 感官系动词:用于表示感官的感受,主要有feel, smell, sound, taste等。如:The rose smells sweet. 玫瑰花香。The cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很柔软。This coffee tastes bitter. 这种咖啡味道苦。The idea sounds interesting. 这个想法听起来很有趣。5. 变化系动词:用于表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。如:The affair becomes serious. 事态严重。As he grows older, he grows wiser. 他年纪越大越有智慧。Leaves turn brown in autumn. 叶子一到秋天就黄了。Her hair is going grey. 她的头发日见花白。The well ran dry. 井干涸了。It’s getting late. 时间不早了。6. 终止系动词:这类系动词主要有prove, turn out等,用于表示“证实”“变成”等意思。如:The article has proved most useful. 这篇文章证明很有用。The examination turned out quite easy. 结果考试相当容易。副词可用于系动词后作表语吗 原则上说,用于系动词后作表语要用形容词,而不是副词。如:他的英语很好。误:His English is very well.正:His English is very good.这饭菜闻起来真香。误:The dinner smells deliciously.正:The dinner smells delicious.但在以下情况,副词可用作表语(且主要是用于系动词be后作表语):1. 表示地点或位置的少数副词,如here, there, upstairs, downstairs, abroad, back等。如:He asked if anyone was there. 他问那儿是否有人。Are the children back yet 孩子们回来了吗 Neither of them is here. 他们俩都不在这里。She was abroad all last summer. 她去年整个夏天都在国外。The office that deals with passports is upstairs. 办护照的办公室在楼上。If he was downstairs, why didn’t he answer the bell 他要是在楼下,为何不开门呢 2. 与介词同形的小品词有也可用作表语,如in, on, off, out, by, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等。如:Make sure the lid is on. 确信要把盖子盖上。The engagement is off. 婚约取消了。The taxi is outside. 出租车在外面。The grocery was below. 杂货店在下面。The level of unemployment is down. 失业率在下降。I phoned Sally but she was out. 我给萨莉打电话,可是她不在。He hid the money when nobody was by. 附近没人时他把钱藏了起来。By the time we arrived the meeting was over. 我们到达时,会议已结束了。He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 经理不在时,他负责这个商店。系动词可接哪些词语作表语连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词,有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等。如:1. 用名词作表语。如:Translation is an art. 翻译是一种艺术。Beijing is a beautiful city. 北京是一座美丽的城市。2. 用形容词表作语。如:Traveling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。Every hour and every minute is important. 每一小时,每一分钟,都很宝贵。3. 用代词作表语。如:My idea is this. 我的想法是这样的。Money isn’t everything. 金钱不是一切。His latest play is nothing. 他最近出的那个剧本毫无价值。4. 用数词作表语。如:Tom is 14. 汤姆14岁。Last check-in time is 20:15. 最后检票时间为20点15分。The average of letters received each month is 3,000. 每月平均收到信件3,000封。5. 用副词作表语。如:The secret is out. 机密泄漏了。Sales are down. 销售量下降了。She is off on Saturday. 她星期六不工作。6. 用介词短语作表语。如:Dinner is at six. 6点钟开饭。I hope he is on time. 我希望他准时。Martha still is in hospital. 马撒还在医院里。Diana was with the children. 戴安娜和孩子们在一起。You look like your sister. 你模样像你姐姐。7. 用不定式作表语。如:His goal is to be a doctor. 他的目标是当医生。My duty is to protect my sisters. 我的职责是保护我的妹妹们。My advice to you is to speak the truth. 我对你的忠告是讲真话。My dream is to travel around the world. 我的梦想是环游世界。8. 用动名词作表语。如:Her hobby is growing roses. 她的爱好是种植玫瑰。His job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。9. 用从句作表语。如:That’s what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。过程系动词的三种搭配 英语中表示过程的系动词不多,主要是那些表示过程变化的系动词。 一、后接形容词 能后接形容词作表语的过程系动词主要有 become, come, fall, go, get, grow, run, turn, wear等。如: Please don’t get angry. 请不要生气。 The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不应当挨饿。 Gradually they became silent. 他们逐渐沉默起来。 The milk turned sour in the heat. 牛奶在高温下变酸了。 The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日见严峻。 The water ran cold when I turned the tap on. 我把水龙头打开,水就凉了。 Towards the end of the game she fell asleep. 她在比赛快结束时睡着了。 The sheets have worn thin in the middle. 床单的中间部分磨薄了。 二、后接名词 表示过程的系动词后接名词的用法不算常见,比较常用的主要有 become 和 make。 1. become+名词 She became a doctor. 她成了医生。 They became great friends. 他们成了莫逆之交。 That child was to become a great leader. 那孩子长大后必定成为伟大领袖。 It has become a rule that we sing during our tea-break. 我们在吃茶点的休息时间里唱歌已成惯例。 2. make+名词 She would have made an excellent teacher. 她本可以成为杰出的教师。 It’s a story that would make a great film. 这是个能拍出好电影的故事。He’ll never make an actor. 他决当不成演员。 This hall would make an excellent theatre. 这座大厅可当作极好的剧院。 三、后接不定式 表示过程的系动词后接不定式也不算普通,主要有 come, get 和 grow。如: You’ll like her once you get to know her. 你一旦了解她你 就喜欢她的。 The little girl is growing to be more and more like her mother. 这个小姑娘长得越来越像她妈妈了。 I have come to believe that the Government’s economic policy is misguided. 我认识到政府的经济政策已步入歧途。连系动词come与go有何差别 come 和 go 均可用作连系动词,但用法上有区别,请看题:It was a pity that he __________ blind,but to the joy of his family,his dream of becoming a musician __________ true at last.A. came,came B. went,went C. came,went D. went,came此题应选D。句中的 go,come 都是连系动词,两者在用法上应注意:1. 两者用作连系动词,都可表示事物的变化。一般说来,go 主要用于“坏”的变化,而come 主要用于“好”的变化:These apples have gone bad. 这些苹果变坏了。Something has gone wrong with the radio. 这部收音机什么地方出毛病了。Her mother has gone mad. 她母亲疯了。Things will come right. 一切都会顺利的。My dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。2. 表示像人的生理变化,通常用 go:go blind 变瞎 go deaf 变聋go grey 两鬓渐白 go bald 变秃 等但是注意:go 一般不与 old,tired,ill 等连用。2. 在表示颜色方面的变化时,通常用 go (有时也用 turn,但语气更正式):Leaves go [turn] brown in autumn. 秋季树叶变黄。She went [turned] pale at the news. 她听到这个消息脸色变得苍白。His hair was going [turning] grey. 他的头发慢慢地变白了。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览