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鲁教版八下unit1短语和语法知识点
背诵清单
Section A 部分
短语部分：
出生 be born 2. 踢足球play football
网球运动员tennis player
开始做同一件事start doing sth
5.开始做另一件事start to do sth
6.停止正在做的事stop doing sth
7.停下来做另一件事stop to do sth
8.有很高的天赋with great talents
9.在广场上on the ground
10.在建筑物上on buildings
11.期待去做某事expect to do sth.
12.遇到麻烦 get in trouble
13.一个大学生a college student
14.当代作家 modern writer
15.笔名 pen name 16.真名 real name
17.一个医学生 a medical student
18.改善人们的健康 improve people’s health
19.挽救生命 save one’s live
20.改变想法 change one’s mind
21.人们的身体疾病 people’s physical illness
22.精神疾病 spiritual illness
23.辍学/放弃学业drop out of school
24.回到中国return to China
25.在朋友的帮助下 with friend’s help
26.第一部著名的短篇小说 first famous short story
27. 大量的文学作品 a large number of literary works
28.呼吁 call on 29.想方设法做某事try every means to do 30.实现 come ture 31. 领军人物 leading figure
32. 中国当代文学 modern Chinese literature
33. 中国四大文学家之一 one of China’s top four literature prizes.
34. 有天赋的作家 talented writer
35. 继续做某事 continue to do sth
36. 激励某人做某事 inspire sb to do sth
37.表演北京京剧 perform Beijing Opera
38. 为国家队效力 play for national team
39. 伟大的巴西足球队运动员 the great Brazilian soccer player
40.学会骑自行车 learn to ride a bike
41.开始做某事 start doing sth
42. too...to...太而不能
语法部分：
表时间：in / on / at / for /in+年/月/季节
in the morning/afternoon/evening, in the day
on+具体一天
e.g. on Monday/on Monday morning/on May 1st, on a cold morning/ on the morning of May 1st
at+时刻：
e.g. at 6:00, at night, at the age of ..., at noon,
for+时间段： e.g. for two years for a long time for a while
2.表方位：in / on / to
in: 在....里（范围内） to: 在...对面（隔海相望） on:与...相邻（接壤）
(1)China is _____the east of Asia.
(2)Taiwan is______the southeast of China.
(3)Japan is ______the east of China.
(4)Russia is _____the north of China.
3. 双“赢”：win / beat
win的宾语是物：比赛、战争、奖品等名词（即race，game，match，competition，war，prize之类的词）
beat的宾语是指人或球队的名词 另外，beat还有“（心脏）跳动”，”敲打”之意
被动语态基本用法
定义：即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态.
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.
我们不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁，或者想要强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
构成：be + done（过去分词）
被动语态在各种时态中的运用：
一般现在时: S+am/is /are +P.P
一般过去时: S+was/were +P.P.
-般将 来时: S+ will/be going to+be+ P.P.
现在进行时: S+ am/is/are + being + P.P.
现在完成时: S+ have/has + been+ P.P.
过去进行时: S+ was/were+being+ P.P.
含情态动词: S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.
besides/beside/expect区别
besides表示：除...之外，后面跟人或物也包括在前面提到的范围内（prep.）(adv.)
expect表示：除了，后面的人或物被排除在外
beside表示在旁边（prep.）
eg: She has no relatives besides an aged aunt.她除了有一位姑姑以外，再没有亲戚了。（姑姑再亲戚里）
They all went to sleep except me.除了我之外，他们都去睡觉了。（我不在他们里面）
The road ran beside a railway.公路建在铁路旁边。
Sometimes/some time/ some times/ sometime的区别
Sometimes （adv.）有时，偶尔，一般现在时标志词
用于句首、句末、句中
He sometimes writes to me.他偶尔给我写封信。
Some time （n.短语）一段时间，与延续性动词连用，用how long来提问
Some times （n.短语）几次；几倍 time是（cn.）用how many times来提问
Sometime （adv.）表示不确定的时间，用于过去时或将来时，用when提问
He sometimes writes to me.他偶尔给我写信。
SectionB部分
短语部分：
对某人友好 be friendly to sb.
2.在...有天赋 be talented in...
3.和某人共度时光 spend time with sb.(spent, spent)
4.花时间做某事 spend time (in) doing sth
5.在某事上花时间/金钱 spend time/money on sth. 6.周游... travel around...
7.赢得一次滑冰比赛 win a skating competition
8.开始做某事start doing sth./start to do sth.
9.一位和蔼可亲的奶奶 a kind and loving grandmother 10.在某人的晚年 in one’s later years
11.喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth
12.玩得开心enjoy oneself=have a great time=have fun
13.病得很严重 become seriously ill (became，become) 14.继续做某事 continue doing/to do sth.
15.身体不好 have bad health/be in bad health 16.坚持做某事 keep (on) doing (kept, kept)
17.音乐天才 musical talent 18.搬到... move to...
19.一位著名的钢琴家兼作曲家 a famous pianist and music writer 20.上钢琴课 take piano lessons
21.开音乐会 give concerts
22.钢琴诗人 the poet of the piano
23.触动听者的内心 touch the hearts of the listeners 24.音乐排行榜 the music charts
25.破裂，解散 break up (broke, broken) 26.例如 such as / for example
27.个人信息 personal information 28.出生地/日期 place of birth / date
29.做...的原因 reasons for doing sth.
30.音乐史上最有名的乐队之一 one of the most famous groups in music history
31.看到某人做了/正在做某事 see sb.do / doing sth. (saw, seen)
课文必背句子：
1.他和他的外孙度过了他所有的闲暇时光 He spends all his free time with his grandson.
2.她10岁时赢得了一场滑冰比赛 She won a skating competition when she was ten.
3.她14时周游了美国。 She traveled around the US at the age of 14.=She traveled around the US when she was 14.
4.在他的晚年，比起开大型的音乐会，他更喜欢在公寓为几个朋友演奏In his later years, he enjoyed playing at his apartment for a few friends more than giving big concerts.
5.他很虚弱，但他坚持创作音乐，直到1849年去世
He was weak, but kept on writng music until he died in 1849.
6.世界失去了一位音乐天才，但是他的精神依然留存在他的作品中The world lost a musical talent, but his spirit continues to live in his works.
7.他们称他为“钢琴诗人”，因为他的音乐能够触动听者的内心They called him the poet of the piano because his music could touch the hearts of his listeners.
语法部分：
call的用法：
（1）在此句中，call的意思为“称呼”
call sb. sth. 称呼某人为某物a boy called / named Jim 一个名叫Jim的男孩 （过去分词短语作定语修饰boy） （2）打电话 call sb. (up) 给某人打电话 call sb. at+电话号码
呼唤,大声喊 call out one’s name
2.辨析be famous for , be famous as
be famous for:“因...而闻名”， 表示出名的原因
E.g. China is famous for the Great Wall. 中国以长城而闻名。
be famous as：“作为...闻名”，表示出名的形式，后常接表示职业、身份的名词
E.g. Jay Chou is famous as a singer. 周杰伦作为一名歌手而出名
3.辨析四个“花费”spend, pay, cost, take
spend--spent--spent
(sb ) spend time / money on sth.
He spent five dollars on the shirt.
(sb.) spend time / money (in)doing sth.
He spent an hour doing his homework last night.
pay--paid--paid
(sb.) pay money for sth.
He paid five dollars for the shirt.
cost--cost--cost
(sth.) cost sb. some money
The shirt cost him five dollars.
take--took--taken
It takes / will take / took / may take (sb.) some time to do sth.
变式：How long does/did/will it take (sb.) to do sth
It took him an hour to do his homework last night.
= He spent an hour doing his homework last night.
4.辨析kind of, a kind of，all kinds of
kind of: “有几分，有点”+形容词 = a little / a bit / a little bit +形容词
E.g. This movie is kind of boring. 这部电影有点无聊。
a kind of: “一种” +名词
E.g. An apple is a kind of fruit. 苹果是一种水果。
all kinds of:“各种各样的” +名词
E.g. There are all kinds of flowers in the garden. 花园里有各种各样的花。
5.keep的用法
keep (on) doing sth 一直做某事
keep sb/sth adj.使某人/某物保持某种状态
keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
keep的短语
keep away from避开，不接受
keep sth in mind记住某事
keep up维持
keep up with跟上
keep off使不接近
keep back扣住，隐瞒不住
break的短语
break away 脱离；逃脱
break in 破门而入 打断
break out爆发 发生
break the record打破记录
break down出故障；破裂
break into 破门而入
break away from打破陈规
Break the rule违反制度

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