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江苏省部分市
2022-2023学年高三下学期期初考试英语试题分类汇编
读后续写
江苏省通泰镇徐连宿淮7市2022-2023学年高三下学期期初联考英语试卷
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的 短文。
On Saturday, we gathered at the hall to witness the award ceremony for the senior scouts(童子军)- Receiving an award on such a day was a great honor for any scout, and all desired to be the scout selected to give the summary of the year's activities for the association.
I was not the one selected to give the summary and for that, I was grateful. I could hardly stand in front of a large crowd to make a speech, but Sean could. He was selected to do the honor because he was the President of the Boy Scouts for schools. My job was much simpler. Being the Vice-President, I was very much behind the scenes, content to ensure that everything was in smooth running order.
It was an hour to go before the ceremony began, and I had put the finishing touches to the stage. Walking down the stage, I saw my teammates in a state of panic. When they saw me, they ran to me to tell me that Sean met with a traffic accident and would not make it to the award ceremony. Someone else had to give the summary. All of them looked hopefully at me, and I could feel my knees beginning to collapse.
All their arguments against my unwillingness were valid. I had a copy of the speech as well as the benefit of having seen Sean rehearse(排练) it. I was the Vice-President and therefore should take his place. Finally, I was firmly told not to decline any longer and they said that they were convinced that I would do the right thing. I sank down onto the floor, totally shocked by the situation.
I knew I was not a confident speaker, and the thought of presenting a summary in front of so many distinguished guests horrified me. To think that the fame of the scouts would take a beating because of me! The burden of responsibility troubled me greatly.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But there was really no way out of the situation.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________As I stood on the stage, my heart beat violently.
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江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三下学期开学考试英语试题
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据共内容和所给段落汗头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇究整的短文。
I was twenty then, teaching a class of thirty students in Toronto including Mike, a 10-year-old street kid. Having lost his father and mother, he lived with a mentally-disturbed grandmother.
He was always hungry, so each day I'd take him for breakfast before class. Each noon after I shared my lunch with him, I taught him new skills—using a microscope, constructing a camera etc.
One day Mike told me of his dream. Most kids in the class wanted to be doctors, teachers or some such thing, but not Mike! His desire was to be a gangster(强盗)!And he was serious about it.
I believed all children had a gift for what he wanted to be. If he wanted to be a gangster, I'd do all I could to help him become the very best “gangster” .
I had a plan. Every Saturday after we had breakfast, I took him to the Law Library of the city. I explained to him a good gangster had to know something about criminal law, and reading up on law was the only way to learn. His young mind was interested, and he dove in.
That was how we spent each Saturday morning that year. I'd drop him off at the law library. Three hours later, I'd return, pick him up for lunch and after a review of his morning's work, take him home.
The following year I taught in another school far away, which prevented me continuing to participate physically with him on Saturday mornings. But I provided him with public transportation tickets so he could keep up his regular study at the library.
Later I got married and moved to London. Sadly, and to my great regret, I lost contact with Mike.
Years passed. I often thought of him, wondering what had become of him. Then, one day, I was back in Toronto on business, looking up the number of a former colleague in the telephone directory, and there, Mike's name as part of a title of “JUDGES and LAWYERS” danced off the page into my eyes.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I wondered, “Could it be him ”
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When we were able to get together, he told me his road to the law.
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江苏省常州市教育学会2022-2023学年高三下学期期初学业水平监测英语试题
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Where’s the rest of my paper ” thundered an angry Papa Bear, storming into the living room. It didn’t take him long to find Brother Bear and the sports section.
“I just borrowed it.“ said Brother. Papa snatched it up and plumped down in his easy chair. Brother wandered into the kitchen looking for sympathy from Mama Bear. “Gee,” he said, “what’s eating him ” “Your father looks forward to his evening paper,” Mama said, “and he has a perfect right to be annoyed when half of it is missing — and furthermore, thank you not to refer to your father as him!”
She stomped out of the kitchen.
“Why not He’s a him, isn’t he Gosh,” said Brother, “what’s eating her ”
What was “eating” Mama was Sister Bear. Sister had been on the phone with Lizy Bruin for almost an hour.
“But Mama!” she protested when she was told to say good-bye.
“Don’t But Mama’ me!“ said Mama Bear. “This is not your private phone. You’ve had all day to talk to Lizy at school, and you’ll have all day to talk to her tomorrow. So hang up that phone now!”
Sister did as she was told.
“Phew!” breathed Brother as he fell into the seat beside Cousin Fred on the school bus.
“Tough morning ” asked Fred.
“You better believe it!” said Sister, taking the seat Lizzy had saved for her.
The four compared notes on the way to school. The children agreed that while there was no doubt that their parents loved them, they were a little difficult to get along with sometimes. They nagged (唠叨); they said no a lot; and they never wanted kids to have any fun.
“Hey,” said Brother as they got off the bus, “what are we going to do for the Parents Night Talent Show ” “Don’t know,” said Lizzy. “Let’s think about it”
When the four searched their brains, Brother snapped his fingers and said, “I’ve got it! Remember what we were talking about just now ” “Sure,” said Fred. “We were saying how grownups can be a big pain.”
Paragraph one:
“Well,” said Brother, “let’s put on a play about that, and call it...”
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Paragraph two:
Despite the difficulties in the preparation, especially costumes, their big day came finally.
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江苏省泰州市2022-2023学年高三下学期期初考试英语试题
第二节(分A、B两部分,每部分25分,满分50分)
A部分:
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Zaki was small for his twelve years, and he hated being treated as a child. Farid, his older brother, had been looked upon as a man long before he was Zaki’s age. Now, every day as the sun warmed the gulf, Farid and the other young men went out in their wooden boats, to dive for oysters. With luck, there would be pearls in many of them. Each pearl earned a bonus for the man who found it.
Many times Zaki begged to go along, but Farid always refused.
“You ” Farid would laugh. “First, small one, you have to become larger than the oyster!” Still laughing, Farid would go his manly way, leaving Zaki bitter and angry.
So every day Zaki would go to the shallow water to practice. His grandfather, a former diver, would watch him and advise him. All morning, Zaki would practice diving beneath the waves. Every afternoon, he would again go underwater and hold his breath. With daily practice, his diving improved gradually. Soon Zaki felt as much at home in the water as he did out of it.
Zaki decided to challenge Farid the next day. He rose early the next morning. Even so, he had to hurry to catch up with Farid, who was already on the beach.
“Farid, wait!” called Zaki. “I must speak to you.”
In the stillness of the morning his voice carried clearly. The group of men around Farid grew quiet as Zaki spoke.
“Farid, I say that I can hold my breath under the water as long as you can. If I win, I ask only that you treat me as a man and let me dive by your side.” The men of the village burst out laughing.
Farid looked amused. “And what happens, young brother, when you lose ”
Looked down upon, Zaki shouted, “I will not lose! Let us go into the gulf to compete. The men of the village are here to judge.”
Farid looked surprised, but with all of his friends looking on, he had little choice but to agree.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Zaki and Farid went out into the sea until it was deep enough for them to dive.
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Looking into Farid’s eyes, Zaki suddenly understood what losing might mean to his brother.
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B部分:
48. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was a 20-year-old nursing student in 1968, assigned as Chris’s post-operative nurse.
Chris was an eight-year-old boy filled with energy, who excelled in every sport he played. Disobeying his parents’ words, he explored a neighbor’s construction site, climbed a ladder, and fell, which got him a broken arm that later had to be cut off.
The first few days passed quickly. I provided Chris’s physical care with forced cheerfulness. As his need for medication decreased his level of awareness increased, as did his moodiness. When I offered him the towel for a sponge bath and suggested he take over, he washed his face and neck with great difficulty, then quit. And I finished.
The next day, I insisted on his doing whole bath by himself. He was more than halfway through when he sat down and said, “I can’t make it!”
“You won’t be in the hospital much longer,” I said gently. “You need to learn to take care of yourself.”
“Well, I can’t,” he frowned. “How can I do anything with just one hand ”
Putting on my brightest face, I searched for a silver lining in my mind. Finally I said, “Sure you can do it, Chris. At least you have your right hand.”
He turned his face away and muttered, “I’m left-handed. At least I used to be.” Suddenly, I felt ashamed. How could I have taken right-handedness for granted It seemed he and I both had a lot to learn.
The next morning, I greeted Chris with a big smile and a rubber band. He looked at me suspiciously. I put my right hand behind my back and kept it there by winding the rubber band around my uniform buttons. “You’re left-handed and I’m right-handed,” I said, “Every time I ask you to do something with your right hand, I will do it first, with my left hand. And I promise not to practice before I see you.”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150词左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I started from brushing teeth.
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Ten minutes later; I ultimately succeeded.
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江苏省盐城市2022-2023学年高三下学期期初考试英语试题
六、读后续写
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成篇完整的短文。
As I stood in line waiting to cash out at a “pack your own” kind of store, where customers pack their items by themselves, I stared at the customer in front of me reading the magazines. She was young, but she already had a tired look to her, with heads bent forwards—as if life had beaten her down too many times.
Her face looked pale from extreme tiredness. Her winter coat was thin and unbuttoned. The well-worn scarf around her throat probably did little to protect it from the cold weather. Her hands turning a few pages, were rough and red. When I looked down at her boots, I could see a small piece of a clear plastic bag partially visible through a hole in her left boot.
The items in her cart (购物车) included the cheapest cuts of meat and some things like rice and potatoes. There were also lots of noodles. Day-old bread, inexpensive soap, and tissues on sale—well, almost. In a far corner sat a little toy and a pretty dress that was 50 percent off.
She continued to look at the magazines as we waited, and more people lined up behind us. She finally took one out and turned it over several times, trying to find a price before finally turning to me.
“I’m sorry to bother you, ” she began in a shy and nervous tone. “But can you tell me how much this is I forgot my glasses at home. ”
“Of course” I said with a smile.
When I finally found the small print and told her, she shook her head and put it back.
“They’ve become so expensive, haven’t they ” I said sympathetically.
“Next!” The cashier called in a gentle voice before she could answer, and she moved forward to begin her transaction(交易)
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When told the cost, the woman’s face paled.
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I approached the cashier and whispered “Include her removed items in my bill, please. ”
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答案:
江苏省通泰镇徐连宿淮7市2022-2023学年高三下学期期初联考英语试卷
One possible version:
But there was really no way out of the situation. In the end, I quickly rehearsed the speech and got ready to go on stage for the presentation. I looked calm and collected but inside, I was a trembling mass of jelly. Although they kept encouraging me, I still felt very worried that my poor performance would cost us the opportunity to win an award. Not long after, I was called to do the presentation. Having butterflies in my stomach, I walked onto the stage.
As I stood on the stage, my heart beat violently. My face turned pale, and my mind went blank. I could not remember what I was supposed to say. I was at a loss what to do when I saw my teammates smiling at me with trustful looks. It was then that I realized that I should try my best for our team. Instantly, I reorganized my thoughts, and proceeded to speak into the microphone. When I was finished, all my teammates stood up and applauded loudly.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者作为一个内向,害怕在公开场合讲话的人,由于偶然的机会,不得不在公开场合演讲。描述了作者心理活动的变化及最终在队友的鼓励下成功地完成了演讲。
【详解】
1. 段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容"但是这种情况下,也没有其他办法了。"可知,第一段可描写作者同意公开演讲及内心的胆怯②由第二段首句内容“当我站在舞台上,我的心跳的很厉害”可知,第二段可描写作者的心理活动及克服心理压力成功完成了演讲。
2. 续写线索:同意演讲——害怕紧张——受到鼓励—————完成演讲———获得称赞
3. 词汇激活行为类
①. 鼓励:encourage/inspire/hearten ②. 记得: remember/memorize ③. 完成:finish/fulfill/complete
情绪类
①. 担忧的:feel worried/feel concerned ②. 茫然:be at a loss/be all at sea
【点睛】
【高分句型1】I could not remember what I was supposed to say. (运用了what引导的宾语从句作remember的宾语。)
【高分句型2】 It was then that I realized that I should try my best for our team. (运用了it was. . that强调句型及that引导的宾语从句。)
江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三下学期开学考试英语试题
I wondered, “Could it be him ” I dialed the number, gave my full name to a secretary and was put on hold. A long fifteen seconds later, a gentleman was on the line. His opening statement was, “Mr. Kowal (or whatever), I’ve really … missed you.” Then there was silence. Tears welling up in my eyes, I blurted out between sobs, “Mike, I only wish I’d kept in touch with you all these years. I’m really proud of you.” In a trembling voice on the other side, Mike answered, “I wouldn’t be here now if it weren’t for you.”
When we were able to get together, he told me his road to the law. Studying law in the library enabled him to explore his inner depths—the “gangster” he had wanted to be was something of a hero protecting the disadvantaged with knowledge. He studied all the way to the law university while working part-time for his education fees. Now he had risen to be one of the most successful criminal lawyers in Canada. He owed all to me while I thought the greatest good we teachers could do for the students was to assist in revealing the best of their own.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者20岁时在多伦多教书,有一个学生叫迈克,是街头男孩,作者给他带早餐,分享午餐,教他一些技能,当迈克告诉作者自己想成为歹徒时,作者觉得有必要帮他成为最好的歹徒,于是每周六带他去图书馆学习法律。后来作者结婚了,搬走了,和迈克失去了联系,很多年后作者想知道他后来怎么样了,作者发现迈克的名字作为“法官和律师”标题的一部分。
【详解】1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“我想:“会是他吗?”可知,第一段可描写作者和迈克重新取得联系。
②由第二段首句内容“当我们能在一起时,他告诉了我他的法律之路。”可知,第二段可描写迈克是如何学习法律,成为律师的以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索:拨电话——迈克接电话————作者和迈克对话——迈克学习和兼职————————作者感悟
3.词汇激活行为类
①接电话:on the line/answer the phone ②学习:study/learn ③成为: rise to be/become
情绪类
①哭: tears welling up in my eyes/tears come to my eyes ②骄傲:be proud of take pride in
【点睛】
【高分句型1】1 wouldn't be here now if it weren't for you.(由if引导的条件状语从句)
【高分句型2】 He owed all to me while I thought the greatest good we teachers could do for the students was to assist in revealing the best of their own.(由that引导的宾语从句,省略了that和that引导的限制性定语从句,省略了that)
江苏省常州市教育学会2022-2023学年高三下学期期初学业水平监测英语试题
【答案】“Well” said Brother “let’s put on a play about that, and call it…” “The Trouble with Grownups!” shouted all the others. “Sensational!” said Sister as they slapped hands, delighted with the idea of showing parents how hard it is being cub. Putting on a play is easier said than done. You have to write it, figure out who is going to play the parts, then memorize it. Then you have to worry about costumes and scenery. The cubs did all that. It was hard, but it was fun, and they did it all in secret. The four practiced their parts, and before they knew it, it was time for the big Parents Night Talent Show.
Despite the difficulties in the preparation, especially costumes, their big day came finally. The audience of parents laughed and laughed when they saw how they seemed to their cubs. Mama and Papa laughed until tears rolled down their cheeks. Papa laughed, too, but not as much as Mama.
They both thought the play, which was a big surprise to them, was very well done. They admitted that it helped them understand what it was like being a cub.
Later, when they were going back home, Papa said, “I have a better idea how cubs feel now.” Mama agreed.
“After all, we were cubs once ourselves,” said Mama. “And here’s a thought: You’ll be grownups someday and, each probably have cubs of your own.”
Brother and Sister thought about that for a moment. They looked at each other. Then they looked out into the distance and thought about it. It was something to think about.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事发展为线索展开,讲述了熊哥哥和熊妹妹在家里受到熊爸爸和熊妈妈的责备,在上学路上向同学佛瑞德和莉兹抱怨,四人决定把他们的生活搬上舞台,在“家长之夜才艺表演”上进行表演。
【详解】1.段落续写:
①由第一部分首句内容“‘好吧,’熊哥哥说,‘我们就此出个剧吧,叫它……’”可知,第一部分可描写四人决定把他们的生活搬上舞台,排练“与大人的麻烦!”的过程。
②由第二部分首句内容“尽管筹备过程很困难,尤其是服装,但他们的大日子终于来了。”可知,第二部分可描写他们的表演获得成功和大人们的反应。
2.续写线索:确定剧名——精心准备——表演成功——与父母交流——开始反思
3.词汇激活
行为类
①命名,给……取名:call/name
②记住:memorize/keep in mind
③认真考虑:think about/reflect upon
情绪类
①极好的,绝妙的:sensational/wonderful
②高兴的:delighted/glad
【点睛】[高分句型1] You have to write it, figure out who is going to play the parts, then memorize it.(运用了who引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] The four practiced their parts, and before they knew it, it was time for the big Parents Night Talent Show.(运用了before引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型3] They both thought the play, which was a big surprise to them, was very well done.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
江苏省泰州市2022-2023学年高三下学期期初考试英语试题
【答案】Zaki and Farid went out into the sea until it was deep enough for them to dive. Then, at a signal, both dived beneath the waves. Zaki opened his eyes and found himself looking at Farid, who was smiling with confidence. That smile made Zaki even more determined to win. Seconds ticked by with neither brother moving toward the surface. Slowly, the smile was fading from Farid’s face, for he hadn’t been expecting such serious competition. Time passing, on Farid’s face appeared a frown, which soon turned into a worried look. Farid was realizing that Zaki could possibly beat him.
Looking into Farid’s eyes, Zaki suddenly understood what losing might mean to his brother.He would be teased about losing to a mere child. Looking at the Farid’s suffering face, Zaki smiled. Thinking for a while, Zaki kicked his feet, rising to the surface of the water a second before Farid’s head appeared beside him. The watchers cheered, patting Farid on the back. Farid, however, put his arm around Zaki’s shoulders, announcing that Zaki was qualified. Meanwhile, he whispered, “Thank you.” Then, both brothers had learned that it takes more than strength to make a man.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了Zaki,一个12岁的小男孩,努力练习潜水,想要像他哥哥一样被当成成年人对待。同他哥哥比赛潜水,在最后时刻,为了不失去他的哥哥,放弃赢得比赛的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“Zaki和Farid走到海里,直到水深足够他们潜水为止。”可知,第一段可描写Zaki同哥哥Farid比赛的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“看着Farid的眼睛,Zaki突然明白了失败对他哥哥意味着什么。”可知,第二段可描写Zaki思考后决定放弃比赛。
2.续写线索:比赛——激烈——思考——放弃——理解——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①潜水:dive/go under water
②赢:win/gain/obtain
③认识到:learn/realize
情绪类
①忧虑的:worried/ apprehensive
②开心:cheer/feel happy/joyful
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Zaki opened his eyes and found himself looking at Farid, who was smiling with confidence.(运用who引导的非限定性定语从句)
[高分句型2]. Then, both brothers had learned that it takes more than strength to make a man.(运用that引导的宾语从句)
【答案】Para 1:
I started from brushing teeth. However, the once simple routine action proved to be a disaster. With my teeth clenching the toothbrush tightly, I made great efforts to squeeze toothpaste onto it with my clumsy left hand, but I missed the target at the first attempt. I stole a glance at Chris and spotted a flicker of disappointment in his eyes. Taking a deep breath, I kept concentrating on the action in front of the mirror and did better.
Para 2:
Ten minutes later; I ultimately succeeded. “This is incredible!” Chris grinned. “I can do it faster!” he declared and sprang from the bed. After several attempts, he made it! Over the next two weeks, we competed with each other to practice these seemingly easy tasks single-handed, from buttoning up the coats to taking notes. Chris soon learned to do almost everything neatly with one hand. The day he left hospital, he hugged me, with tears of gratitude, saying, “You are a truly good nurse, thank you.”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者是男孩Chris的术后护士,他因为受伤左手截肢了。一开始Chris脾气暴躁,不肯配合作者,于是作者开始配合Chris,学习用左手完成日常活动。
【详解】1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“我从刷牙开始。”可知,第一段可描写作者尝试用左手完成刷牙的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“十分钟后;我最终成功了。”可知,第二段可描写Chris受到鼓舞,很快就学会了用一只手干净利落地做几乎所有的事情。
2.续写线索:作者用左手刷牙——失败——继续集中精力——成功完成——Chris受到鼓舞——Chris感谢作者
3.词汇激活
行为类
努力:make great efforts to /try one’s best to
看见:spot/see
集中于:concentrate on/focus on
情绪类
笨拙的:clumsy / unhandy
感谢:gratitude /appreciation
【点睛】[高分句型1] With my teeth clenching the toothbrush tightly, I made great efforts to squeeze toothpaste onto it with my clumsy left hand, but I missed the target at the first attempt. (运用了with复合结构)
[高分句型2] Over the next two weeks, we competed with each other to practice these seemingly easy tasks single-handed, from buttoning up the coats to taking notes. (运用了动名词作宾语)
江苏省盐城市2022-2023学年高三下学期期初考试英语试题
【答案】
One possible version:
When told the cost, the woman's face paled. She opened a worn-out change purse, counting small bills and change. With a deep breath, she scanned her groceries to see what she could do without. One by one, she removed things, but she still came up short. She continued to get rid of much-needed goods while the cashier patiently took away things with a pleased at $mile, setting them aside. The woman finally cut back on her groceries, paid, and moved down to pack them.
I approached the cashier and whispered “Include her removed items in my bill, please! "She nodded knowingly, winking at me and finishing the transaction. I moved next, wondering how to slide the extra things into her old cart. The cashier solved the problem by “accidentally” dropping several oranges which flew past the lady. “I'll get those, " the woman offered kindly to pick up the runaway fruit. I quickly finished our plan. Then, my thoughts wandered to the lady who was enjoying a hearty delicious dish with her little girl.
【导语】本文人物为线索展开,讲述了作者在一家商店排队结账时,看到一位疲惫的年轻顾客在看杂志,在讲行体算时看出她的生活很措据,在收银员的配合下,作者将这位顾客因没有足够的钱而舍弃的物品全部结算给了这位顾客
【详解】1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“当被告知费用时,女人的脸色苍白。”可知,第一段可描写这位顾客为什么会听到费用而脸色苍白,然后又是怎么做的。
②由第二段首句内容"我走近收银员,低声说:'请把她取出的物品写在我的账单上!""可知,第二段可描写收银员和作者是如何合作不动声色的帮助的这位顾客。
2.续写线索:女顾客收到账单后很惊讶——将买不起的物品取出——作者替女顾客支付取出物品的费用——收银员配合将其放置女顾客车中———作者的感悟
3.词汇激活(一个词汇要写出相近的表达)行为类
①.浏览:scan/look through
②.取出:remove/get rid of/take out/do away with ③.徘徊:wander/hang around 情绪类
①.满意和高兴:pleased/satisfied/content ②.温和地: kindly/softly/warmly/gently
【点睛】【高分句型1】.She opened a worn-out change purse,counting small bills and change. (运用了现在分词短语作状语)
【高分句型2】.I moved next,wondering how to slide the extra things into her old cart.(运用了现在分词作状语和“特殊疑问词+to do”结构)
【高分句型3】.The cashier solved the problem by "accidentally" dropping several oranges which flew past the lady.(运用了which引导的定语从句)
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