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【知识点汇总】新人教版 必修二 Unit 5 Music
【词汇短语】
1. I like to listen to it when I exercise. It gives me energy. (P51)
我喜欢在运动的时候听音乐。它给我力量。
energy / en d i/ n. 能源；能量；精力
【搭配】
apply/devote one’s energies to (doing) sth. 把某人的精力投入到（做）某事上
full of energy 充满活力
solar/nuclear energy 太阳能/核能
clean/low-carbon/renewable energy 清洁/低碳/可再生能源
【例句】
I’ll devote my energies completely to the study of human geography.
我将专心研究人文地理学。
More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy.
为了满足对清洁能源的需求，更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。
【拓展】
energetic adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的
energetically adv. 积极地；精力充沛地
【例句】
The outdoor centre organizes lots of activities for the energetic kids, like cycling and fishing.
户外中心为充满活力的孩子们组织了很多活动，比如骑自行车和钓鱼。
He fought energetically against apartheid.
他积极地与种族隔离进行斗争。
2. It has proved to be a positive influence on the lives of many people. (P52)
事实证明，虚拟合唱团对许多人的生活产生了积极的影响。
prove /pru v/ vt. 证明；展现
【搭配】
prove sth. (to sb.) / prove (to sb.) + 从句 （向某人）证明……
prove sb. / oneself (to be) + n. / adj. 证明某人是……
It is proved that ... 证明是……
【例句】
Galileo proved to people that the earth moves around the sun like the other planets.
伽利略向人们证明了地球像其他行星一样围绕太阳转。
Can it be proved that he is indeed a world-famous rock singer
能证明他确实是世界著名摇滚歌手吗？
【拓展】
（1）prove linking verb 结果证明是，被发现是，显示出是（相当于turn out，不用于被动语态）；常见搭配prove (to be) + n. / adj. 证明是……
Having a talk with the professor proved (to be) a turning point in my life.
和教授谈话成了我人生中的一个转折点。
The task proved (to be) far more difficult than we’d thought.
事实证明这项任务比我们预想的难得多。
（2）proof n. [C，U]证据，作可数名词时其复数形式为proofs。类似的以f结尾，变复数时直接加-s的名词还有：roof屋顶，chief首领，belief信仰等。
3. The virtual choir was the idea of award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre. (P52)
虚拟合唱团是获奖作曲家兼指挥埃里克·惠塔克的创意。
award / w d/ vt. 授予 n. 奖品
【搭配】
win / get / receive an award (for sth.) （因某事）赢得/获得/得到奖项
give sb. an award 给某人颁奖
an award presentation / ceremony 颁奖；颁奖仪式
award sb. sth. (for ...) / award sth. to sb. (for ...)（因……）授予/奖励某人某物；（因……）把某物判给某人
【例句】
It’s amazing that Lily should be the only young female singer who has won the award.
莉莉竟然是唯一赢得这个奖的青年女歌手，真是惊人。
The prize was awarded to him for excellence in the sports meeting.
他因在运动会中表现优异而获奖。
【拓展】
award VS reward VS prize
award多指奖励在某个领域或工作中取得成就或成绩突出的人，常由评委经过认真考虑颁发奖项、奖金。
reward多指对某人的帮助、工作或服务等的酬谢，可以是金钱，也可以是物品或精神奖励。
prize多指在竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖品。
4. Over the next 10 years, Whitacre’s original compositions began to become quite popular among choirs and singers. (P52)
在接下来的十年间，惠塔克的原创作品深受合唱团和歌手的欢迎。
original / r d nl/ adj. 原来的；独创的；原作的 n. 原件；原作
【例句】
About this song, only the original singer sang the best.
关于这首歌，只有原唱唱得最好听。
This is one of the most original works of imagination in the language.
这是用该语言写成的最具独创性和想象力的作品之一。
Only original documents will be accepted as proof of status.
只有文件原件才能用作身份证明。
This painting is a copy; the original is in Madrid.
这幅画是复制品，原画在马德里。
【拓展】
origin n. [C,U] 起源，源头；身世，出身
originally adv. 原来，起初
5. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. (P54)
当他沉浸在他的音乐世界里时，他觉得好像能“看到”周围世界的美，就像他在（失明）之前的生活中那样。
absorbed in sth / sb 被……吸引住；专心致志
【例句】
The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to close the windows when the wind was picking up.
这位作家全神贯注地写作，以至于风越刮越大时忘了关窗户。
Absorbed in listening to music, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
约翰全神贯注地在听音乐，没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
【拓展】
（1）absorb vt. 吸收（液体、气体等）；吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注；理解
I’ve just been busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me.
我只是一直忙于学习，并试图理解身边所有的新事物。
（2）英语中表示“全神贯注于……”的其他短语有：concentrate / focus (one’s attention) on / upon，be lost in，be buried in，devote oneself to，be devoted to等。
6. Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. (P54)
作为一支著名的成功乐队，冲击力乐队的成员们表现出了许多惊人的品质。
impact / mp kt/ n. 巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力
【搭配】
have / make an impact on / upon sth / sb 对某物/某人有/产生影响
【例句】
This classic song has had / made an impact on generations of people.
这首经典歌曲影响了几代人。
Airbags are designed to soften the impact of a car crash.
安全气囊用来减轻汽车碰撞的冲击力。
【拓展】
（1）impact vi. & vt.（对某事物）有影响/作用
impact on / upon ... 对……有影响/作用
It’s a pity that his weight problem has impacted on his health.
很遗憾，他的体重问题影响了他的健康。
表示“影响”的其他短语：have an effect / influence on / upon sb / sth；make a difference to sb / sth
Who can try out as a performer (P55)
谁可以试演一名演员？
try out 参加……选拔（或试演）
【例句】
You won’t make the team if you don’t try out.
不参加选拔就不能加入这个队。
If you don’t try out for the singer contest, you won’t qualify for the final round.
你不参加歌手大赛的选拔，就没有资格进入最后的决赛。
【拓展】
（1）try out 试用（某人），测试，试验
（2）try sth on 试穿某物
（3）try for sth 试图获得/力争赢得某物
8. So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money (P55)
所以我能认为这个节日的目的是筹集资金吗？
assume / sju m/ vt. 以为；假设
【搭配】
assume (that) ... 假设……；认为……
assume sb / sth to be + n. / adj. 以为某人/某物是……
It is (generally) assumed that ... 人们（普遍）认为……
【例句】
I didn’t see your car, so I assumed that you had gone out.
我没有看见你的汽车，所以我以为你出去了。
It is generally assumed that stress may be caused by too much work.
人们普遍认为，工作过多可能导致压力。
【拓展】
（1）assume vt. 开始掌管/承担责任
assume control of ... 开始掌管……
assume responsibility for ... 开始承担……责任
（2）assumption n. [C]假定，假设
make an assumption 做出假设
on the assumption that ... 假定……
（3）assuming conj. 假定，假设
assuming (that) ... 假定……
Whoever they appoint will assume responsibility for all financial matters.
他们任命谁，谁就要负责财务方面的所有事务。
9. How else could you help in addition to what has already been mentioned (P55)
除了已经提到的，你还能以其他方式提供帮助吗？
addition / d n/ n. 添加；加法；增加物
in addition (to sb / sth) 除……以外（还）
【解析】
in addition to意为“除……以外（还）”。其中，to为介词，后接名词、代词或V-ing作宾语。
in addition 意为“另外，除此以外”，并用于句首作状语，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
【例句】
In addition to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
除了学校，村里还有一个诊所，该诊所也是在政府的资助下建成的。
The website provides regional weather reports, a shipping forecast and hurricane warnings. In addition, visitors can download satellite images of the U.S.
这个网站提供地区天气报道、出航预测和飓风警报。另外，访客可以下载美国的卫星图像。
【语法知识】
过去分词作表语和作状语
过去分词作表语
1. 语法意义
过去分词作表语时，过去分词与句子的主语往往是被动关系，即句子主语是过去分词动作的承受者。此时，过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be，remain，feel，look，seem，become等。有些过去分词，如excited，pleased，worried，tired，unemployed 等已看作形容词。
An hour after the match, the kids remained excited.
比赛（结束）一小时后，孩子们仍然很兴奋。
The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with the gifts.
她脸上的微笑表明她对这些礼物很满意。
2. 过去分词作表语时 VS 被动语态
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The library is now closed．
图书馆现在关闭了。（状态）
The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday．
昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。（动作）
3. 感觉类及物动词的过去分词作表语 VS 感觉类及物动词的现在分词
感觉类及物动词的过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”；感觉类及物动词的现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。
We were amazed at what he said at the meeting．
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged．
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
过去分析作状语
1. 语法意义
过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词所表示的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。
（1）从语态上讲，此时的过去分词表示被动意义，即分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
Encouraged by what the teacher said, the student decided to work even harder.
在老师的话的鼓励下，那名学生决定更加努力学习。
（2）从时间上讲，此时的过去分词表示被动动作的完成。
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.
由于伤势严重，他必须被送到医院。
2. 句法功能
（1）作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时，通常放在句首，可转换为when，while或after等引导的状语从句。
Left (= When it was left) to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.
当被独自留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。
（2）作原因状语
作原因状语时，一般置于句首，相当于as，since，because等引导的从句。
Choked (= Because he was choked) by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe.
他被浓烟呛到了，几乎不能呼吸了。
（3）作条件状语
作条件状语时，通常放在句首，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的状语从句。
Grown (= If they are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
如果被种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
（4）作让步状语
作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的状语从句。
Invited (= Though I was invited) by him, I won’t take part in the party.
即使被他邀请，我也不会参加聚会。
（5）作方式/伴随状语
过去分词作伴随状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首。作方式状语或伴随状语时可转换为并列结构。
She accepted the gift, deeply moved (= and she was deeply moved).
她接受了礼物，被深深地感动了。
The teacher entered the lab, followed by his students (= and was followed by his students).
老师进了实验室，后面跟着他的学生。
3. 源于系表结构的过去分词作状语
有些过去分词（短语）因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有：lost (迷路)，seated (坐)，hidden (躲)，lost / absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿着)，tired of (厌烦)。
Lost / Absorbed in thought, he didn’t hear the bell．
由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。
Dressed in a white blazer and jeans, Cochran, 31, was flanked by graduate students.
31岁的科克伦，穿着夹克上衣和牛仔裤，站在自己研究生的旁边。
4. 过去分词作状语的注意事项
（1）过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，否则要用状语从句或独立主格结构（“名词/代词+过去分词”），有时也可用with复合结构。
Given a chance, we can surprise the world.
若给我们一个机会，我们会令世界惊奇。
Their homework finished, the children went out to play.
=When their homework had been finished, the children went out to play.
=With their homework finished, the children went out to play.
他们的家庭作业完成后，孩子们就出去玩了。
（2）过去分词作状语时，可根据需要在其前面加上while，when，before，after，since，until，once，though，although，unless，as if，as though，even if，even though等词或短语。
Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten.
这些英语单词很容易被忘记，除非不断重复（记忆）。
When asked why she came here, the girl kept silent.
当被问到为什么来这里时，那个女孩沉默不语。
This machine is very complicated. Once taken apart, it can hardly be put together again.
这台机器非常复杂。一旦被拆开，几乎不可能再装起来。

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