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2022级英语学案（Book2）Unit Wild Protection
Unit 3 Wildlife Protection
编写人：
核心素养 教学目标与要求
语 言 能 力 主题：：野生动物保护
语音：掌握多音节词发音规律，能够利用这些规律进行正确拼读，准确辨音。
词汇：能正确使用下列单词和词块。 poter， illegal， hunt， immediately， species， shark， alarm， rate， rang， extinct mass habitat， aware， average， concern， living， adapt measure， authority， pressure， whale reserve， plain， observe， beauty， remind， shoot， profit， attack， recover， remove， intend threat threaten， exist， harmony， goods， creature， deer， kangaroo， reduce， due， insect， net neighbourhood， dolphin， emotion， skin， unusual on earth， die out， aware of， on average， make progress， concerned about， adapt to， under pressure， make out， remind sb of sb/sth， watch over， day and night， due to， stir up
语法：能够理解并正确运用现在进行时的被动语态进行口头和书面表达。
语篇：1阅读日志体的叙事文本，理解其文体特征和语言特点，关注作者对景物和心理活动等的描写。阅读和理解多模态语篇(海报)中的文字、图片、色彩、符号等文字与非文资源所传达的信息，分析和把握其语言特征及作者的观点或态度等。 1.能够在谈话中得体恰当地表达目的和意图。 2.能够设计一幅关于动物保护的海报。 1.在听前，能够利用图片、图表等视觉资源，预测听力内容。 2.能够辨析阅读文本中的表层和深层意义，准确把握文本所传递的信息
表达：1.能够就关于动物保护发表观点 2.能够写一篇关于动物保护的小语篇。
学 习 能 力 1.在听前，能够利用图片、图表等视觉资源，预测听力内容。 2.能够辨析阅读文本中的表层和深层意义，准确把握文本所传递的信息
文 化 意 识 了解中外野生动物的生存状况和所面临的问题。 护的合理方式。
思 维 品 质 理解文字与非文字资源所传递的丰富信息、思想、情感和观点，根据课文语境推断隐含意义。
教学目标与要求
第1课时 词汇复习 姓名_____________ 授课班级_________ 主任签字__________ 【教学目标】Teaching aims: Master the new words and expressions. Master the pronunciations of the new words. Learn about the word formation of the whole unit. 【教学重难点】Important points: Usage of verbs 【课时安排】1 period 【教学过程】Teaching procedures Step1. Words 1. vt. 打猎_______________2. n.海报________________ 3 n.物种______________4. adj 不合法的__________ 5. adv不合法地______________6. adv立即 ________________ 7.n 鲨鱼_______________8. n.鱼的鳍__________________ 9. adj.惊人的______________ 10.vt使惊恐_______ 11. adj.已灭绝的______________12. n.灭绝______________ 13. n比率________________14. n. 等级_____________ 15. adj.广泛的________________16. n.栖息地________________ 17. adj 知道____________________ 18. vt.危害_______________ 19. n.足球_______________ 20. n.平均数_____________ 21. n. 王子_____________ 22.adj 担心的___________ 23. n. 生活__________24. n. 措施_____________ 25. n. 权威__________26. n. 比赛项目；大事；______________ 27. n.美_____________28. n. 和谐_______________ 29. vi.打算_______ 30.n.感情________________ Step2．Phrases 1. 究竟，到底______________ 2. 灭亡_______________ 3.意识到_______________ 4.平均_______________ 5. 取得进步________________ 6.涉及_______________ 7.对 关切________________ 8.适应________________ 9.使某人想起____________10.由于___________ 11.查找________________12.激起___________ Step3．词汇拓展 1.illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的→______adj. 法律的；依照法律的；合法的→______adv. 不合法地；非法地 2.hunt vt. &vi. 打猎；搜寻；追捕→______________ n. 打猎; 搜索；追寻. →______________ n. 猎人 3. immediately adv. 立刻，马上→______________adj 立刻的_______________ 4.alarming adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的→_______________ adj.（人感到）惊恐的；害怕的→_______________ adv. 惊人地；让人担忧地→_______________vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 5. .rate n. 速度；（比）率→_______________ n. 等级；级别 6. .extinct adj. 已灭绝的. →_______________ n. (植物、动物、生活方式等的)灭绝，绝种，消亡 7. aware adj. 知道；发觉；有......意识的→_______________ n. 知道；认识；意识 8. endanger vt.使遭受危险；危害→_______________ adj. 濒危的；快要绝种的 9. .prince n. 王子；王孙；亲王→______________ n. 公主；王妃 10 concern vt. （使）担忧；（使）关心→_______________ adj 担心的；关切的 11. living adj. 居住的；活的；在用的_______________ adj活着的（表语） 12. .adapt vt. 使适应；使适合 vi. 适应→______________ n.适应；改写本 13. .authority n. 官方；当权；权威→______________n 作者 14. pressure n. 压力；挤压；紧张 ；要求→_______________ vt.施加压力；迫使 15，.observe vt.观察（到）；观测→______________ n. [C,U] 观察；观测 16．beauty n．美；美人→__________adj.美丽的①→vt.美化 17．effective adj.有效的；生效的→__________n．影响；效果 18．recover vi.恢复；康复→__________n．恢复；康复 19．threat n．威胁→__________vt.威胁；危机② 20．exist vi.存在；生存→__________n．存在；生存 Step 4. Listening and Speaking 1.Finish Ex.1-4 on Page 14--15 2.Speaking—Finish Ex.5 by following the example. Homework 1.Learn all the words and expressions by heart. 2. Preview the text and finish discovering useful words and expressions. 第2课时Reading and thinking 姓名____________ 授课班级_________ 主任签字_________ 【教学目标】Teaching aims: 1.Understand the main idea of the whole passage. 2.To read about how to protect wild life 3.To learn about how important wild protection is. 【教学重难点】Important points: Understand the text 【课时安排】1 period 【教学过程】 Step1. Fa 1．What’s the main idea of the passage A．Antelopes are being killed for their valuable fur and their number is decreasing rapidly. B．It’s important for us human beings to protect antelopes and learn to exist in harmony with nature. C．Many nature reserves have been set up to protect antelopes in Tibet，Xinjiang and Qinghai. D．The writer with a group of visit or went to Tibet to see the endanger ed antelopes. 2．Match each paragraph with its topic sentence. Para.1___Para.2 Para.3____Para4___ Para5_____Para6_____Para7______ A．The Chang tang National Nature Reserve has been set up to protect the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. B．The Chinese government took measures to keep antelopes from attacks. C．The purpose of the writer to Tibet. D. After a day’s visit，the writer thought a lot in the evening. Para.5 E．Antelopes are being hunted illegally for their fur. F．The result of the Chinese government’s measures is great. G. During the 1980s and1990，antelopes were killed badly，causing their number to drop sharply. Ⅰ.Judge whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F)． 1．Antelopes mainly live on snow-covered mountains.( ) 2．The Changtang National Nature Reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of southwestern Tibet.( ) 3．During the 1970s and 1990s，a large numberof antelopes were hunted and their habitats became smaller for heavy pollution.( ) 4．Many park sand gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and kept them safe from cars and trains.( ) 5．Only when we human beings learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. ( ) Ⅱ.Choose the best answer. 1．What’s the purpose of the writer to Tibet A．To go camping. B．To experience the life in mountains which have thin air. C．To observe Tibetan antelopes. D．To protect Tibetan antelopes. 2．What can we conclude from what Zha xi said A．Protecting the wildlife is only his job. B．If the wildlife is endangered，the life of human beings will come to an end. C．He is too worried about antelopes. D．Antelopes will be protected in the reserve and live there comfortably. 3．What caused the number of antelopes to drop sharply in the 1980s and 1990s A．People wanted to make profits. B．Some new roads and railways were built，making their habitats too small. C．Antelopes were a danger to local people. D．Both A and B. 4．What does “national protection” in the fifth paragraph mean A．Being protected by the whole nation. B．Being protected only by the local people. C．Belonging to the government. D．Being killed with the permission of the government. 5．What’s the attitude of the writer to the wildlife protection A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks. We went to Tibet to observe Tibetan antelopes with Zhaxi a sour guide.Luckily，on the plain in front of us，we saw a herd of antelopes1. _________(move) slowly across the greengrass. These beautiful animals reminded me2.________ their danger because every year many of them are hunted3._________ (legal) for their valuable fur.Especially in the 1980s and 1990s，their population dropped4_______ more than 50 percent. In order5_______ (save) this species from extinction，the Chinese government placed it6._______ national protection and set up the Changtang National Nature Reserve where Zhaxi works.These measures were7.________ (effect) and the antelope population has recovered. However，the government doesn’t intend8.________ (stop) the protection programmes， since the threats to the Tibetan antelopes9.________ (disappear)．Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature10.______ west top being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. Homework Draw a mind map of the passage and try to retell the passage. Preview Discovering Useful Structures on page 40. 第3课时Discovering Useful Structures —The present continuous passive voice 姓名____________ 授课班级_________ 主任签字_________ 【教学目标】Teaching aims: Learn the grammar. Practise the grammar. 感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 1．What _______(do)to help them 2．I know that they’_____(hunt) and their habitat is getting smaller. 3．What measures _____(take)to help them 4．They______(hunt)，illegally，for their valuable fur. 5．Much ______(do)to protect wildlife，but if we really want to save the planet，we must change our way of life.
以上句子中的黑体部分为现在进行时的_______其构成形式为___________ 1．现在进行时的被动语态的构成形式 形式结构肯定形式主语＋be(am，is，are)＋being＋done否定形式主语＋be(am，is，are)＋not＋being＋done一般疑问式be(am，is，are)＋主语＋being＋done特殊疑问式特殊疑问词＋be(am，is，are)＋主语＋being＋done
2.现在进行时的被动语态表示的意义 (1)表示某事/某人此时此刻正在被……。 The criminal is being watched over by a policeman. 那名罪犯正由一名警察看守。 The bridge is being repaired.这座桥正在被修复中。 (2)表示某事/某人现阶段正在被……。 Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 这些天许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。(说话时并不一定正在进行) (3)表示一种经常性的被动行为，常与always，constantly，frequently等词连用，表示赞赏(扬)、羡慕、讨厌等感彩。 Ifeel very surprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken. 我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 (4)与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。 3．现在进行时的被动语态注意要点 (1)不可遗漏being。 现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作，如果我们把being漏掉，即成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 Look！The children are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧！那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。 Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态) The report is being written by one of the best students.报告正由一名最优秀的学生写着呢。 The report is well written.(系表结构) 这个报告写得很好。 (2)现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。 现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词，如：hold，take等)。 A party is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场晚会。 (3)不及物动词(短语)、非延续性动词、表示存在意义/所属关系/静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。 这本书是他的。 [误]The book is being belonged to him. [正]The book belongs to him. (4)一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词，如have，want，need，like，realize等，一般不用于进行时的被动语态，而常用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正在承受谓语动词表示的动作。 玛丽，过来，有你的电话。 Mary，come here. You’re wanted on the phone. (5)“be＋under/in”等“介词＋名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting.这个问题正在会上讨论。 The telephone is in use (is being used) now. 这部电话正在使用中。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．______ the meeting_____ (hold) in the hall now 2．We can hear that the papers ________(print) these days. 3．My sister_________ (interview) at this moment. 4．There is a lot of noise outside as repair work______ (do) to the house. 5．Look！The man _______ (question) by the police. II.语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空) Li Ming：Hi，Lin Tao，it’s several months since we6.______ (meet) last time. You said you were tired of your work and you7._______ (find) a newjob.What are you doing now LinTao：Oh，I’m 8.______ (train) for the work in the supermarket this month.You know，a supper market9.______ (build) inourtown，andit10.__________ (be) open in about two months. Where are yougoing now LiMing：I11.________ (go) to the centre stadium，where the spring sports meeting12._____ (hold)． LinTao：I hear that a car exhibition is also 13._______ (hold) there. Why don’t you drive there？It’s a long way from here. Li Ming：There is something wrong with my car and it14._________ (repair) in the garage(汽修厂)．I15.________ (lose) weight recently，so I’d like to go there on foot. Lin Tao：I see. Then wish you a good day! Li Ming：Thank you！Bye! Lin Tao：Bye! 　第4课时 Listening and Talking，Reading for Writing，Assessing Your Progress & Video Time Ⅰ.Read the passage on P20 and judge whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F)． 1．We should pay less attention to less cute animals while protecting wildlife. 2．Without varieties of wildlife in the world，our planet can’t survive. 3．It is right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper. Ⅱ.Read the passage on P20 carefully and choose the best answer. 1．What emotions do the photos communicate A．Funny. B．Surprising. C．Frightening. D．Sad. 2．What does each poster use to stir up emotions A．Pictures and large titles. B．Some words. C．Some special punctuation. D．Some important numbers. 3．What does the first poster want people to do A．To learn more about species. B．To protect all species. C．To learn the current situation of the species. D．Not to destroy the habitat of the species. Ⅰ.重点单词 1． n．鹿 2． n．袋鼠 3． vt.减少 4． n．昆虫 5． n．网 6． n．临近的地方；街区 7． n．海豚 8． n．皮；皮肤 9． n．感情；情感；情绪→ adj.情绪(上)的；感情用事的① 10 adj.特别的；不寻常的→ adj.平常的；寻常的② Reading for Writing Writing—A poster 姓名____________ 授课班级_________ 主任签字_________ 【教学目标】Teaching aims: Grasp the functional items of this unit to train the speaking and writing abilities. Learn to write a poster. 【自学探究】 Learning to write after the model 【教学过程】 Step1.写作指导 制作海报注意几个方面的事项: 1．时态：用一般将来时和一般现在时。 2．语言：海报文字要求简洁明了，篇幅要短小精悍。文中可以用些鼓动性的词语，但不可夸大其词。 3．要求：海报一定要具体真实地写明活动的时间、地点、主要内容、参加规定及主办单位。 Step 2. 常用表达 1．Green food is safe and healthy for you and all the family. 2．Eating green food is an important step on the road to staying fit and healthy. 3．In order to answer the call of “Protecting the Environment”， we decide to organize an activity in our school. 4．We will take action to make our school more beautiful. 5．We will clean our school and pick up all the rubbish. 6．We shall have a speech competition on environmental protection. 7．Our activity will begin at 8 on the morning of November 10 in our school. 8．Every student is welcome to join us！ Step 3 写作训练 假如你是你们学校的学生会主席。请根据以下信息，为你校将要举办的一场篮球友谊赛写一则80词左右的英语海报。 参赛球队：来自美国的约克篮球队和本校校队； 比赛时间：11月24日下午； 比赛地点：学校体育馆； 赛后，幸运的学生可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。 参考词汇：作为纪念as a souvenir I审题谋篇 审题 1．确定体裁：本文为海报； 2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称； 3．确定时态：本文主要时态应用一般将来时态。 谋篇 第一段：海报的主要内容及活动的时间和地点。 第二段：活动的特点。 第三段：发出邀请。 II 遣词造句 核心词汇 1．一场篮球友谊赛 2．举行 3．某事据说是 4．紧张 连词成句 1．来自美国的约克篮球队和我们校校队之间将有一场篮球友谊赛。 . 2．这场篮球赛将于11月24日下午在学校体育馆举行。 3．据说两队之间的比赛将会十分紧张，令人兴奋。 . 4．最幸运的学生比赛后可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。(which引导定语从句) . 5．欢迎所有的人去观看比赛。 . 句式升级 1．用非限制性定语从句连接句1和句2。 . 2．用be said to的形式改写句3。 . 3．用非谓语作后置定语改写句4。 . III组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。 第5-6课时language points 姓名____________ 授课班级_________ 主任签字_________ 【教学目标】Teaching aims: Make students learn and grasp the language points by themselves in class. Work in groups to learn to use the language points freely. 【教学重难点】 Important points: Usage of phrases 【课时安排】2 periods 【精讲精练】 1.illegal / li:gl/ adj. 不合法的；非法的 Stop illegal hunting immediately. 立即停止非法狩猎。（P14） Now it is illegal to drive when you are drunk. 现在醉酒开车是违法的。 It's illegal to read people's private letters without permission. 未经允许看别人的私人信件是不合法的。 For a teacher to hit a child is not just morally wrong but also illegal. 对一个老师来说，打孩子不仅是不道德的，而且是违法的。 【拓展】 legal /'li:ɡl/ adj. 法律的；依照法律的；合法的 He offered guidance to poor black people on their problems. 他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。 Everyone must earn money in the legal way. 每个人必须用合法的方式挣钱。 Gambling is legal in some countries. 在某些国家赌钱是合法的。 illegally / li:gli/ adv. 不合法地；非法地 These large animals are being killed for their body parts that are considered valuable. 这些大型动物正因其被认为有价值的身体部位而被非法杀害。（P17） Drivers who park their cars illegally should be punished. 非法停车的司机应当予以惩处。 【拓展】 legally / li:gli/ adv. 法律上；合法地 The school is legally responsible for your child's safety. 学校对你的孩子负有法律上的安全责任。 If you find a job, make sure you are employed legally. 找工作时，确保你是合法雇用的。 【注意】 以字母l开头的形容词或副词，其反义词加前缀il-。 2.alarming / lɑ m / adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的 The alarming report is being written这份令人震惊的报告正在撰写中。（P18） An alarming film was shown in this theatre. 这家影院上映了一部令人恐慌的电影。 Be aware of safety and alarming signs . 请注意安全警示标识。 This is a normal part of a market economy and should not be alarming. 这是市场经济的正常组成部分，不应成为一种令人担心的情况。 【拓展】 （1）alarmed / lɑ md/ adj.（人感到）惊恐的；害怕的 However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed. 然而，当她第一次看到这个机器人，她感到惊慌。 They were alarmed to find the old lady dead. 他们发现老太太死了，大惊失色。 People began to feel about the disease. 人们开始对这种疾病感到惊恐起来。 （2）alarmingly / 'lɑ m li / adv. 惊人地；让人担忧地 Prices have risen alarmingly. 价格涨得吓人。 The rate of heart disease is alarmingly high. 心脏病发病率高得令人担心. alarm / 'lɑ m / ◎ vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 The fire alarmed the whole neighbourhood. 火灾使整个街坊邻里都惊恐起来。 We could not see what him. 我们搞不明白是什么使他忧虑不安。 The empty house alarmed him. 空荡荡的房子使他惊慌失措。 ◎n. 恐慌；警报；警报器 The doctor said there was no cause for alarm . 医生说不必惊慌。 A car alarm went off in the middle of the night . 半夜里一辆汽车的警报器突然响了起来。
a burglar/fire/smoke alarm 防盗 / 防火 / 烟火警报器 alarm clock闹钟 in alarm 惊恐地 ‘What have you done ’ Ellie cried in alarm .“你都干了些什么？”埃利惊恐地喊道。 He turned back in alarm. 他惊慌地转过身。 3. aware / we (r)/ adj. 知道；发觉；有......意识的 Were you aware that something was wrong 你有没有意识到已经出了问题？ As far as I'm aware , nobody has done anything about it. 据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。 aware of意识到；知道 We must make people aware of the problem and help protect the endangered wildlife before it's too late! 我们必须让人们意识到这个问题并在为时已晚之前帮助保护濒临灭绝的野生动物。（P14） be/become aware of 对……知道、明白；意识到…… Smokers are well the dangers to their own health. 吸烟的人都知道吸烟对自身健康的危害。 They suddenly became aware of people looking at them. 他们突然意识到有些人在瞧着他们。 【拓展】 awareness / we n s/ n. 知道；认识；意识 The 1980s brought of green issues. 20世纪80年代人们开始意识到“绿色问题”。 Our local people's environmental awareness should also be increased. 我认为当地人也要加强环保意识。 It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used. 重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。 It is necessary to raise public of the importance of eating a healthy diet. 增强公众对健康饮食的重要性的意识是必要的。 4.average ◎ n. 平均数；平均水平 The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. 4、5、9三个数的平均数是6。 Parents spend an average of $220 a year on toys. 父母为孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为220元。 Temperatures are above/below average for the time of year. 温度高于 / 低于此时的年平均温度。 Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour. 大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5公里。 ◎adj. 平均的；正常的；普通的 an average rate/cost/price 平均费率 / 成本 / 价格 at an average speed of 100 miles per hour 以平均每小时100英里的速度 The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃. 温室效应使地表平均温度为15℃。 I was just an average sort of student.我只是一个普通的学生。 on average平均 How many elephants are killed every day 平均每天有多少头大象被杀死？（P14） On average each report requires three weeks to prepare. 准备一份报告平均需要三个星期。 More than 400 people a year die of this disease on average . 平均每年有400多人死于这种疾病。 5. concern / k n's :n / ◎ vt. ①（使）担忧；（使）关心 The boy's poor performance at school concerned his parents.
这个男孩在学校很差的表现使他父母很担心。 ②涉及；关系到 Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you. 别管与自己无关的事。 concern oneself with / in / about sth. 关心某事 / 参与某事
She concerns herself with social welfare. 她从事社会福利工作。 ◎ n. ① [U] 关心；挂念；担心；忧虑 Thank you for your concern. 谢谢你的关心。 concern about/for/over 对……的关注（关心、担心） Liu Tao would like to express his over the wetland in his hometown. 刘涛想表达他对家乡湿地的关心。（P18） More TV programs will be produced to raise people’s concern over food safety. 为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注，将制作更多的电视节目。 Now more and more people show much concern for our environment.
现在越来越多的人关心我们的环境。 There is growing concern about the effects of pollution on health. 对于影响健康的污染的关注越来越强烈。 ② [C] 关心的事 What are your main concerns as a golf player 作为一个高尔夫球员，你最关心的是什么？ Whether they are interested is the main concern of students when they choose a major 学生在选择专业时，是否感兴趣是他们最关心的事。 concerned /k n s :nd/ adj. 担心的；关切的 concerned about对......关切的；为......担忧的 I'm concerned about the African elephants. 我很担心非洲象。（P15） In recent months, our hearts have been concerned about the situation in Hong Kong. 近几个月来，香港局势牵动着大家的心。 Now people cell phone addiction. 现在人们担心手机依赖。 be concerned with… 涉及……，与……相关 We could not prove he was concerned with the crime, so we had to release him. 我们无法证明他与此罪行有关, 因此不得不释放了他. as far as sb is concerned 就……而言 As far as I am concerned, educators should be concerned about the problems that are concerned with the healthy growth of children. 在我看来，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题。 【拓展】 concerning /k n s :n / prep．涉及，关于 He asked several questions the future of the company. 他问了几个关于公司未来的问题。 6.living ◎adj. 居住的；活的；在用的 Elephants need large living spaces, 大象需要很大的生存空间，（P15） living things 生物 the finest living pianist 当代的最杰出的钢琴家 living languages (= those still spoken) 现用语言 As the economy develops, the living conditions of the people have been improved accordingly. 经济发展了，人民的生活水平也随着提高了。 ◎n. 生活；生计 He sold newspapers for a living. 他卖报为生计。 The boy has reached an adult age and ought to be earning his own living. 这孩子已经（到了）成年，应该自食其力了。 make /earn a living 谋生 Many young farmers have come to big cities to make a living. 许多年轻的农民来到大城市谋生。 Most people are so busy making a living that they forget to make a life. 大多数人忙于求生,而忘了真正的生活!
【辨析】living和alive living活着的，健在的指“在某时候是活着的”，用于修饰有生命的人或物，既可作表语，也可作前置定语。 Other living beings might exist in outer space.外层空间也许有其他生物存在。 He is one among the living men. 他是那些活着的人之一。 Old Tom is still living. 老汤姆依然活着。（强调继续生存下去）alive活着的指“相对死亡而言”，通常作表语、后置定语和补足语。 Old Tom is lucky to be alive. 汤姆能活着实属幸运。（强调没有死去） She is one of the greatest women still alive. 她是现今依然活着的最伟大的女人之一。 Doctors kept the baby alive for six weeks. 医生使婴儿活了六周。 He was buried alive in the earthquake.地震把他活埋了。
7.adapt / 'd pt/ ①vt. 使适应；使适合 vi. 适应 I find it very difficult to adapt myself to the climate in the high mountains. 我觉得自己很难适应高山气候。 adapt to适应 Elephants need large living spaces, so it's difficult for them to adapt to the changes. 大象需要很大的生存空间，所以他们很难适应变化。（P15） The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared the change. 世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。 The flower can adapt to a variety of soils. 这种花花能适应各种土壤。 ②vt. 改编 He is going to adapt his play for television. 他想把他的剧本改编成电视剧。 The film has been adapted from a play of the same title. 电影改编自一部同名戏剧。 【拓展】 （1）adaptation / d p te n / n.适应；[书]改写本 Most living creatures are capable of adaptation to the new environment. 大多数生物都能适应新环境。 The play is an adaptation of a short novel. 这出戏是根据一部短篇小说改编的。 （2）adaptable / d pt bl/ adj. 有适应能力的；能适应的 Successful businesses are highly adaptable to economic change. 成功的企业对于经济转变的适应能力很强。 Good teams can work under high pressure, and are adaptable to the environment. 良好的团队能够具有合作精神和抗压性, 并且适应工作环境。 8.measure / me (r)/ ◎n. 措施；方法 What measures are being taken to help them 正在采取什么措施帮助他们？（P15） New food safety measures are being demanded. 民众要求制定新的食品安全措施。 take measures to do sth 采取措施干某事 We are taking measures to prevent drunk driving in the city. 我们正在采取措施防止该市出现酒后驾车。 to save endangered wildlife in China. 在中国，已经采取了许多措施来挽救濒危的野生动物。 ◎vt. 测量；度量；估量 Let’s measure the height of the tree. 让我们测量这棵树的高度。 linking verb 距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为… (不用于进行时) The tree measures 90 metres high. 这棵树90米高。 The river measures about two metres across. 这条河约2米宽。 In front of our village lies a river about two metres across. 我们村前有一条约2米宽的河。 9.reserve / r z v / ◎ n. （动植物）保护区；储藏（量） Have you ever heard of the Changtang National Nature Reserve 你听说过羌塘国家级自然保护区吗？（P16） In order to save them, some countries have created reserves where they can live in peace and safety. 为了拯救他们，一些国家建立了保护区，它们可以在那里宁静安全地生活。（P17） China has set up a number of reserves to protect bamboo areas and , as a result, the number of pandas has increased.中国建立了若干个竹林保护区，因此，大熊猫在数量上有所增长。 The Gulf has 65 per cent of the world's oil reserves.海湾地区拥有全世界65％的石油储藏。 in reserve储备；备用 The money was being kept in reserve for their retirement.他们把钱存着以备退休后使用。 ◎vt. 预订（座位、席位、房间等） ；预留；保留 I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。 I've reserved a room in the name of Jones.我以琼斯的名字预订了一个房间。 These seats are reserved for special guests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。 You had better reserve the money for future use. 你最好保留那笔钱以备将来之需。 【辨析】 reserve 和preserve reserve 为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。 The old man reserved a lot of firewood for cold weather. 这位老人贮存了大量木柴以备天冷时使用。preserve为防止损害、变质等而保护。 China preserves its natural habitats well. 中国很好地保护了它的自然栖息地。 This vase has been preserved well. 这个花瓶保存得完好无损。 It's the duty of the police to preserve the public order. 维护公共秩序是警察的职责。
10.observe / b z :v / vt. ①观察（到）；观测 This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes. 这就是为什么我们在这里--观察藏羚羊。（P16） Our teachers took us on field trips to observe plants and animals. 老师带我们去野游，对动植物进行观察。 He observed stars all one's life.他一生致力于观测星象。 ②看到；注意到（=notice） observe sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（被动形式：Sb be observed doing sth） observe sb do sth看见某人做了某事（被动形式：Sb be observed to do sth） The police observed a man entering the bank. 警察注意到一个男人走进银行。 被动句：A man was observed entering the bank. The police observed a man enter the bank. 警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。 被动句：A man was observed the bank. ③遵守（法律、规则等）（= obey） Everyone should observe the law/ rules. 任何人必须遵守法律/规则。 ④庆祝；庆贺（= celebrate） Do they observe Christmas 他们过圣诞节吗？ 【拓展】 observation / bz ve n/ n. [C,U] 观察；观测 The results are based on scientific observations.根据科学观测得来的结果。 In hospital she is under observation all the time. 医院对她24小时观察。 11.remind / r ma nd / vt. 提醒；使想起 I'm sorry, I've forgotten your name. Can you remind me 对不起，我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗？ remind sb of sb/sth 使某人想起某人/物 the danger they are in. 我还想起了它们所处的危险。 I hope this gift can remind you of our friendship. 我希望这份礼物能使你想起我们的友谊。 You remind me of a girl that I once knew. 你使我想起一个我曾经认识的女孩。 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事 In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. 假如我忘记了，请提醒一下我的诺言。 I feel it is necessary for me to remind him of the meeting today. 我觉得我提醒他今天有会是必要的。 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。 The bus conductor forgot to remind him to get off at that station. 公共汽车售票员忘记提醒他在那一站下车了。 remind sb. that/wh-从句 提醒 It reminds us that the best things in life are free—laughter, friends, family, and the beauty of nature and the countryside. 它提醒 我们，生活中最美好的东西是免费的——笑声、朋友、家人、自然和乡村之美。 Passengers are reminded that no smoking is allowed on this train. 旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟。 Can someone 请谁告诉我下一步该做什么好不好？ 12.profit / pr f t / ◎ n. 利润；利益；益处 a rise/an increase/a drop/a fall in profits收益的上升 / 增长 / 跌落 / 下降 Profit from exports rose 7.3%. 出口利润增长了7.3%。 We gained a lot of profit from your advice. 我们从你的建议中获益匪浅。 There's no profit in watching TV all day long.整天看电视没什么好处。 make a profit = make profits盈利 The company make a great profit on the deal.公司在这笔生意中获利颇丰。 Agricultural technology companies could not make profits from their products last year. 去年农业技术公司没能从其产品中获利。 Only when a company pay attention to the quality of its products can it make great profits. 只有当一个公司注意自身的产品质量，它才能盈利。 ◎v. 获益；得到好处；对…有用(或有益) Many local people believe the development will profit them. 当地的许多人认为，这项开发将对他们有利。 profit from 从......获益 Farmers have profited from the new law. 新法规使农民受益。 Jenny believed that she would a more relaxed lifestyle. 珍尼相信更轻松的生活方式会对她有好处。 【拓展】 profitable / pr f t bl /adj. 有利润的;赢利的;有益的;有好处的 a highly profitable business一家赢利很高的企业 The company was profitable the first year. 公司首年便实现了盈利。 It is usually more profitable to sell direct to the public.向社会大众直销往往获利较高。 She spent a profitable afternoon in the library. 她在图书馆待了一个下午，颇有收获。 13.effective / fekt v / adj. 有效的；生效的 The measures were effective. 这些措施是有效的。（P16） The government took effective measures to reduce the price.政府采取了有效措施来降低物价。 Scientists are trying to find drugs that are effective against cancer. 科学家正在寻找治疗癌症的有效药物。 The new rules will become effective in the next few days. 新规定将在几天后生效。 【拓展】 （1）effectively / fekt vli/ adv. 有效地; 实际上 This method worked effectively. 这方法很见效。 This effectively means that the government does not agree with the proposals 这实际上就意味着政府不赞同这些提议 （2）effect / fekt/ n. 影响; 效果力 When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking. 在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我了解的并不多。 have a great/ good/bad/positive / negative effect on 对……产生很大的/好的/坏的/积极的/消极的影响 What parents say or do will have a great effect on their children.
父母所说或所做的一切都会对孩子产生很大的影响。 side effect（药物等起到的）副作用 Headaches are one of the side effects of the drug.头痛是这种药物的副作用之一。 One side effect of modern life is stress. 现代生活的一种副作用就是压力。 come into effect 实施，生效 put sth into effect 实施；实行 take effect 见效；生效； (法律或规则)正在实施 【高考链接】 This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side_____ ( effect) such as overweight and heart disease - the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.（2017全国卷I 语法填空） 答案：effects句意：这个趋势是由医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法开始的，但已经有一些意想不到的副作用，像超重和心脏病，这些副作用正是医学界尝试去对抗的。 根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知用名词复数形式effects。
14.recover /r 'k v / ①vi. 痊愈；恢复（健康/常态） The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. 藏羚羊的数量已经恢复，2015年6月，藏羚羊从濒危物种名单中被剔除。（P16） With my special care, my mother recovered quickly.在我的精心照料下，我妈妈很快就康复了。 The global economy is beginning to recover. 全球经济开始复苏了。 recover from从……中恢复过来 How can Linda in this room when it's so dirty and dusty 在这么一间落满灰尘的脏屋子里，琳达怎能痊愈呢？ ②vt. 恢复(视力,知觉等）；重新获得（某物）；找回 She didn't see anything suddenly but quickly recovered her sight．她突然什么都看不见 了，但很快恢复了视力。 He lost his new bike, but he recovered it in the school．他丢了新自行车，但又在学校找到了。 【拓展】 recovery /r k v ri/ n．[U,C] 恢复；痊愈 The economy is showing signs of recovery.经济呈现出复苏的迹象。 make a quick/slow recovery恢复很快／缓慢 make a full recovery完全康复 To our joy, the boy made a quick recovery after the operation. 令我们高兴的是，这个男孩很快从手术中康复了。 15.intend /in'tend/ vi. & vt. 打算；计划；想要 The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. 但是，由于对藏羚羊的威胁尚未消失，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目。（P16） intend doing/ to do sth.打算做某事 I fully intended to pay for the damage.我确实诚心想赔偿损失。 I don't intend staying long. 我不打算长期逗留。 had intended to do sth.= intended to have done sth. 原本打算做某事 We had intended to see the film last night.= We intended to have seen the film last night. 昨晚我们本打算看那部电影来。 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 He intends his son to manage the company. 他打算让他儿子经营该公司。 be intended for… 专为……而设计的，专供……使用的 I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. 我细细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。(p6) The newly-built school is intended for the disabled children. 新建的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。 be intended to do sth 目的是干……的 The activity the public to protect the environment. 这一活动旨在教育公众保护环境。 This advertisement is intended to attract the attention of housewives. 这个广告旨在吸引家庭主妇们的注意力。 【拓展】 intention / n ten n/ n. 打算;计划;意图;目的 I simply couldn't figure out his intention. 我简直揣摩不透他的用意。 intention to do sth/ of doing sth 干某事的意图 I came to London with the intention of studying English literature. 我来伦敦是为了学习英国文学。 This program was set up with an intention of providing help to homeless people. 这个计划是为了帮助无家可归的人而设立的。 She has no intention of making an apology to John.她不打算向约翰道歉。 He declared his intention to become the best player in the world. 他表明自己想要成为世界上最好的选手。 come into existence开始存在;出现;成立 How did the universe first come into existence 宇宙最初是怎么形成的？ Corn dogs didn't come into existence till the first half of the20th century. 玉米热狗直到20世纪前半叶才出现。 16.reduce / r dju:s / vt. 减少 It is reported that living spaces for wildife are being reduced due to the cutting of trees. 据报道，因为砍伐树木野生生物的生存空间正在减少。（P18） Giving up smoking reduces the risk of heart disease.戒烟会减少得心脏病的风险。 reduce sth by … 减少了……（by表示相差的比率） Costs by 20% over the past year. 过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。 reduce sth to … 减少到……（to表示到达的数量） The skirt was reduced to 10 in the sale. 在大减价期间，这条裙子减价到10英镑。 reduce sth from… to … 从……减少到…… The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25. 雇员人数从40人减少到了25人。 【拓展】 reduction |r d k n| n. 减少；缩小；降低 The flood resulted in a reduction in production. 这次水灾造成减产。 You will have a reduction for cash. 付现金可以打折扣。 There has been some reduction in unemployment.失业人数有所减少。 17.due /dju:/ adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的 My rent till Wednesday. 我的租金星期三才到期。 Their plane is due in 15 minutes. 他们的飞机预定在 15 分钟后到达。 加工笔记：
重点短语 carry out履行，实施，执行 A plan is being carried out to increase the number of wild tigers. 正在实施一项计划来增加野生老虎的数量。
carry on继续；坚持 carry on doing/with ...继续做…… carry through实现；完成
(1)He was very excited when he went to carry out the secret task. 他去执行这个秘密任务时非常兴奋。 [用上述短语填空] (2)After his death，his children will certainly his career. (3)In my opinion，the plan should immediately. (4)It’s a difficult job but he is the person to it . 2.die out ①（物种等 ）灭绝; 灭亡 Our planet's wildlife is dying out at an alarming rate. 我们星球上的野生动物正以惊人的速度灭绝。（P14） Because the climate is becoming worse, several species ．由于气候恶化，好几个物种已经不复存在。 As a result these endangered animals may even die out． 结果，这些濒危的动物甚至可能会消亡。 ②（风俗、习惯等）逐渐消失 Many old customs have died out. 许多旧的风俗已不复存在。 That style of music died out ten years ago. 那种风格的音乐10年前就消失了。 ③（灯，火）熄灭 He tried to blow up a fire. The fire , instead. 他试图把火吹旺, 但却熄灭了。 3.make out看清；听清；分清 I could just make out a figure in the darkness.黑暗中我只看出了一个人的轮廓。 I heard the voices, but couldn't make out what they were saying. 我听到有声音，却听不清他们在说些什么。 The poem is so complicated that I cannot its meaning. 这首诗太复杂，我理解不了它的意思。 4. exist on 靠......为生 We existed on a diet of rice.我们靠吃大米过活。 They can't exist on the money he's earning. 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。 【拓展】 existence / ɡ z st ns / n. 存在；生存 He believes in the existence of God. 他相信上帝存在。 Low-lying countries feel is in danger from rising levels. 海平面上升威胁到了低地国家的生存。 Do not leave me, without you, I do not feel my existence . 不要丢下我，没有你，我感受不到自己的存在。 5.search for搜索；查找 They set off to search for the lost child. 他们出发去寻找走失的孩子。 Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside work in the cities. 现在，数百万的中国人离开农村到城市寻找工作。
search for work /a job找工作 search for the truth 寻找真理;寻找真相 search for information 搜索信息;（用计算机）检索信息 【辨析】 search和search for search 意思是“搜查某地或搜某人身”，后面直接跟“被搜的对象”。如果想表达“要找的人或物”，则加for sb/sth。 Firefighters searched the buildings for survivors. 消防队员在建筑物中搜寻幸存者。 They searched the boy for the lost money.他们搜这个小男孩的身找丢失的钱。search for意思是“寻找”，后面直接跟“要寻找的对象”。 Many people have volunteered to search for the missing girl. 许多人已自愿加入到搜寻失踪女孩的队伍中来。 Nothing's coming up when I search for your name. 我搜寻你的名字，什么都找不到。
6. as usual 照例；照旧；像往常一样 Steve, as usual, was the last to arrive. 史蒂夫照例来得最晚。 Although she was ill, she carried on working as usual. 尽管她病了，她照样继续工作。 重点句型 When it comes to wildlife protection，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally.当提到野生动植物保护时，所有的物种，不论好的，坏的和丑的，都应该被平等对待。
When it comes to...当提到……的时候；一谈到……。固定句型，其中to为介词。
(1)Although she plays football well，when it comes to English，she is not so good.虽然她足球踢得很好，但说到英语，她学得就不那么好了。 (2)When it comes to eating(eat)，Joey is full of joy. 一谈到吃，乔伊就很高兴。 (3) ，John is an expert. 谈及钓鱼，约翰是专家。 Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper？为了让人类有更多的纸而使动物们无家可归合理吗？
※so that在句中引导目的状语从句，此时可与in order that 互换，从句谓语动词常用情态动词may/might/can/could等；主从句连接紧凑，没有逗号相隔。 ※引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，此时不可以与in order that 互换，从句谓语动词根据需要使用相应的时态等；主从句可用逗号相隔。
(1)My old father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that he might keep up with the times. 父亲60岁时开始学电脑，以便跟上时代。 (2)She had not planned her time well， her homework on time. 她没把时间计划好，所以没按时完成作业。 (3)I spend more time learning English every day so that I can make greater progress this year. ＝I spend more time learning English every day make greater progress this year. 今年为了取得更大的进步，我每天花费更多的时间学习英语。 (4)Wang Lang didn’t work hard enough，so that he was out of work when he was still young. 王朗工作不够努力，因此年轻时就失业了。 加工笔记：
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