资源简介

(共30张PPT)
阅读理解
目的意图类
分类
1）提问写文章的目的：
回答文章主旨
介绍（人物；产品；解决方法等）
广告（通常带有引导性话语）
注意：引导性话语通常为让读者采取行动（买产品或参加活动等）
分类
2）第一段的作用或第一段提及某人/物等的作用
引出文章话题 (lead to / introduce the topic / theme) (首选)
注意：有时选项为topic 的具体内容
Introduce the background information / attract the readers 等
分类
3）中间某段的作用 (根据段落的具体内容)
介绍或解释研究过程 / 结果
解释原因或理由
举例说明
给出建议
说明好处
进一步阐明观点
…
分类
4）作者提及某人/某物/举例等的目的或作用
通常为了证明其前文提及或后文总结的某观点
有时为了作对比或类比
分类
5）做研究的目的
回答研究内容
研究人员困惑或想知道或感兴趣等的内容等
命题特点
1.直接表达
作者在文章中不仅客观地进行叙述和说明，往往还会持有某种态度，如对某一观点赞同或反对，肯定或批评。
命题特点
2.间接表达
作者的意图态度除了直接表达外，还经常在文章中间接表达出来。学生可以通过全文的叙述，从文章的主要内容去理解作者的观点；有时作者也会在文章中用特殊的词汇表达自己的观点态度。
常见设题形式
1. The passage is written to _________.
2. What’s the purpose of the passage
3. The writer uses the example in Paragraph 2 to _________.
4. The writer’s purpose in writing the passage is to _________.
定位
1）根据题干中的信息在文章中找到相应段落
2）找到表示原因或目的的词或短语
表示原因的词：
because; in that; given that; for; since; as; …
because of; due to; owing to; as a result of; on account of; thanks to; …
表示目的的词：
to do; in order to do; so as to do; aim to do; intend to do; mean to do; …
解题技巧
1、判断作者的态度/立场
学生除了可以通过寻找文中带有感彩的词来判断作者的态度，作者的态度和立场一般分为三大类：
1）支持、赞同、乐观；
2）客观、中立；
3）反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。
解题技巧
2、综合运用以下阅读方法：
1）根据文中与问题相关的细节做出判断；
2）根据作者提供的例证推断其态度、观点；
3）通读全篇，把握文章的主旨后做出正确的选择。
Nowadays, we can read almost all “truths” on social media sites. But are they really reliable Sites such as the micro-messaging service, the social networking site and the photo-sharing app Instagram might “misrepresent the real world”, according to a study by computer scientists from McGill University and Carnegie Mellon University.
题：Why does the author mention the micro-messaging and Instagram
A. Because they are the best social media sites today
B. Because they are not in favor of the current study
C. Because the public are sharing truths on these sites
D. Because information on these sites may not be reliable
根据本段首行内容可知，作者先用反问句表明观点 —— 对社交媒体内容可信度的质疑，接下来用 micro-messaging 和 Instagram 举例说明自己的观点，即这些社交媒体网站的内容并不可靠。故选D。
Most dog owners are convinced that their four-legged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”, “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.
题：What is the purpose of the new study
A. To convince dog owners to understand their dogs
B. To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly
C. To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening
D. To test out how dogs get information from owners
根据本段第二行 However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. 可知，研究人员做研究的目的是想弄明白狗狗是真的理解主人的话语还是依靠其他信息。
1.The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “obdmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.
题：What does the author intended to do in this paragraph
A. Inform the result of the research
B. State the process of the research
C. Stress the importance of the research
D. Introduce the subject of the research
根据本段中 began by …; they take turns …; the owners then tested …等能够知道本段介绍了研究过程。故选B。
2.The campaign has already blown past its funding goals on Kickstarter (currently at over $ 200,000, well beyond its original $ 30,000 target). If you are looking to improve your home security setup and are in the market for a new Wi-Fi camera or two to protect your castle, then take an immediate action.
题：Why does the author write the text
A. To promote a product
B. To introduce Kickstarter
C. To present a new technology
D. To popularize Wi-Fi camera
本段介绍了一种叫做Kickstarter的相机产品，且通过最后一句中的take an immediate action 这一引导性话语可知本文时一篇广告。故选A。
3.A relaxing way of getting around is to travel by train. Many train stations have grown into impressive structures over the years and are famous for their architecture. Here’s a look at two of them.
题：For what purpose is the text written
A. Showing readers how to travel by train
B. Giving an introduction to the station
C. Announcing the opening of the station
D. Giving an advertisement about the station
根据本段内容可知，文章会给我介绍两个火车站。故选B。
4.When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Anderson Glacier (冰川). But the glacier melted and was gone because of the climate warming. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn’t there anymore. (首段)
题：Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp
A.To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s research.
B.To prove Fawn Sharp’s work is similar to Atkinson’s.
C.To lead into the issue of the environmental loss caused by climate change.
D.To show scientists’ concern about the Anderson Glacier.
根据本段内容可知，首段提及这个人的事情是为了引出文章topic, 即由气候变化造成的冰川消融等环境问题。故选C。
5.Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso and Leonardo da Vinci … the art world has never lacked talent. And now, a new painter is ready to join the list, although this one isn’t even human. (首段)
Next month, the auction house Christie’s Prints and Multiples will make history by offering the first piece of art work created by artificial intelligence (AI) for sale. The painting is a portrait of a man called Edmond De Belamy, and is expected to be sold for up to $ 10,000.
题：Why does the author mention the artists in paragraph 1
A.To introduce their works.
B.To make an advertisement.
C.To present a piece of news.
D.To focus the topic on the AI.
根据本段内容可知首段提及几位真实存在的艺术家是为了引出本段最后一句这一文章主旨。故选D。
6.Depending on whom you ask, the 26th century will be either a little chilly or extremely hot. Some solar energy output models suggest that by the 2500s, Earth’s climate will have cooled back down to near the condition of the Little Ice Age. Other studies predict that ongoing climate change and fossil fuel use will leave much of the planet too hot for human life by 2300. Some experts date the beginning of human climate change back to the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s, others to slash-and-burn agricultural practices in prehistoric time. Either way, tool-wielding humans alter the environment and our 26th-century tools might be quite impressive indeed.
题：Why does the author mention the Little Ice Age in this paragraph
A.To show the severity of the current global warming.
B.To stress its close connection with the current climates.
C.To provide contrast to the prediction of future climate.
D.To illustrate the importance of protecting the environment.
本段讲述了未来地球温度可能会升高这一预测，由本段中 … near the conditions of the Little Ice Age 可知，提及小冰川时代是为了作对比。故选C。
7.However, the difficulty with the technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not available in many cases. For instance, when a retailer (零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase, they can easily find data on customers who have purchased from them (positive data), but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them (negative data), since they do not have access to their competitors’ data.
题：Why is the example mentioned in this paragraph
A.To prove how important the positive data are.
B.To confirm that data on customers are complete.
C.To argue that retailers get their competitors’ data.
D.To explain why negative data are hard to obtain.
根据本段内容可知，作者提及这一例子是为了证明本段首句话这一观点，即 negative data are not available in many cases. 故选D。
8.Humans have always considered themselves special compared with other animals. One reason is the complexity of our language —— bounded by unique rules, such as syntax where we string words together in a specific order to create meaningful sentences. But it turns out that a bird may also vocalize (发声) with syntax rules. (首段)
题：What’s the major function of paragraph 1
A.To show language differences to readers.
B.To tell a commonly accepted belief to readers.
C.To introduce the background of the whole text.
D.To raise readers’ interest in the following text.
文章首段首先讲述了人类认为自己比其他动物特殊，其中一个原因是我们语言复杂，接着用转折指出鸟类也可能和人类一样按照句法规则发生，引起读者的阅读兴趣。故选D
9.Our first separation, the day she left my body, was a nightmare full of pain and suffering. While all births are amazing, not all women fell amazed at the births. However, our togetherness in the days and months that followed the birth was so sweet that I felt her small body still seemed to be attached to mine. In the years to come, the sound of her feet running across the wooden floors of our house was like the gentle beat that remind me my little girl was here and that someday she would ran to the paths I couldn’t follow.
题：What is the purpose of this paragraph
A.To expect her daughter’s bright future.
B.To remind herself of her daughter’s beating steps.
C.To recall the suffering during her daughter’s growth.
D.To show the strong attachment between a mother and her daughter.
本段主要讲述了作者和女儿小时候相处的点点滴滴，因此可以知道作者写本段的目的是展现母女之间强烈的依恋之情。故选D
10.It is becoming more and more important for researchers to closely observe our sea life, with climate change and overfishing damaging the ocean. However, this is almost impossible since human presence scares the animals. Now, thanks to The Soft Robotic Fish, also called SoFi, researchers may not only be able to keep a close eye on the creatures, but also uncover undersea secrets that have been confusing us for centuries.
题：Why was SoFi created
A.To protect fish from being caught.
B.To stop the ocean from being polluted.
C.To learn about the underwater world.
D.To solve the issue AUVs have found.
根据本段中的 … thanks to The Soft Robotic Fish, also called SoFi, researchers may not only be able to keep a close eye on the creatures, but also uncover undersea secrets that have been confusing us for centuries. 可知，研发这一机器是为了帮助研究人员近距离观察海洋生物，探索海底奥秘。故选C。
11.Mice and rats have long been used in medical research because of their biological similarities to humans. Recently scientists at the University of Richmond in Virginia have trained rats to drive small vehicles.
题：Why does scientists always choose rats for the research
A.They can build tiny vehicles on their own.
B.They are biologically similar to human beings.
C.They are clever enough to be trained to drive cars.
D.They can be used as non-drug treatments for humans.
根据本段中的Mice and rats have long been used in medical research because of their biological similarities to humans 可知，科学家选择老鼠做研究是因为老师与人类在生物学特征上相似。故选B。
12.It is a question that has long puzzled scientists —— exactly why are tigers orange One might think it makes them more obvious —— particularly against a leafy green forest background. William Blake summed it up in his famous poem known by generations of schoolchildren: “Tyger, Tyger, burning bright / In the forests of the night.” But now the answer is at hand.
题：Why does the author mention the poem in this paragraph
A.To arouse readers’ interest in poems.
B.To show the author’s respect for the poet.
C.To answer the question of the color of the tiger.
D.To stress the noticeable color of the tiger to us.
根据本段中的 One might think it makes them more obvious —— particularly against a leafy green forest background. 可知，作者引用诗句的目的是为上文人们的想法举例证明。故选D。
13.With the right amount of CNFs mixed in, the dessert lasted longer in its frozen state than the traditional ice cream, extending the amount of time the treat can be enjoyed. What was even more exciting was that the fiber increased the stickiness of the low-fat ice cream to levels higher than the full-fat one. Since this is what determines the frozen treat’s creaminess and taste, CNFs could help create the healthier ice cream without influencing the taste of it.
题：Why were CNFs added to the ice cream mix
A.To improve its taste.
B.To increase its stickiness.
C.To reduce its fat content.
D.To make it melt more slowly.
根据本段中的 With the right amount of CNFs mixed in, the dessert lasted longer in its frozen state than the traditional ice cream, extending the amount of time the treat can be enjoyed (分词作结果状语) 可知，将CNFs 加入冰淇淋是为了延缓冰淇淋融化。故选D
14.The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.
题：Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s
A.They were not well-designed.
B.They provided bad services.
C.They had too short a history.
D.They lost to new technologies.
根据本段中的 … the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards. (with 复合结构作原因状语) 可知，电话亭消失的原因是败给了新的通信技术。故选D。
15.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further —— changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These includes plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals n groundwater. “We are thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
题：What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A.To detect plants’ lack of water.
B.To change compositions of plants.
C.To make the life of plants longer.
D.To test chemicals in plants.
根据本段中的 These includes plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show (目的状语) when they’re short of water … 可知，这些传感器是用来检测植物是否缺水的。故选A。
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