资源简介

Welcome Unit
Discovering Useful Structures(1)
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}S (subject)
主语
V (verb)
动词
O (object)
宾语
P (predicative)
表语
A (adverbial)
状语
DO (direct object)
直接宾语
IO (indirect object)
间接宾语
OC (object complement)
宾语补足语
What do these letters mean when they refer to sentence structure?
Let’s review
What is Subject?
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}1. S (subject) 主语
1.1 A tiger eats meat.
S
1.2 He is my father.
S
1.3. Ms. Rika is a teacher.
S
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}What can be “subject” in a sentence?
noun
pronoun
noun
主语：动作的发出者，常用名词或代词担任，一般放于句首。
Let’s review
What is Verb?
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}2. V (verb) 动词
2.1 A tiger eats meat.
V
2.2 A fish can swim.
V
2.3. He doesn’t like fruit.
V
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}What can be “verb” in a sentence?
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}实义动词
有实在意义并能独立作谓语
read eat look drink
助动词
本身没有意义，不单独作谓语，协助主要动词构成谓语
be have do will
情态动词
有一定词义，不能单独作谓语，后加动词原形
can must may need shall
系动词
有词义，但不能独立做谓语，必须和表语构成主系表结构
am is are keep stay sound feel become
动词的分类：
主谓(宾)
主系表
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A} be动词类
am, is , are , was, were?
表示变化类
become, get, turn, grow, go?
感官动词类
look, sound, smell, taste, feel
表示延续性的
动词
remain, stay, keep ?
英文中常见的系动词
Let’s review
What is Object?
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}3. O (object) 宾语
3.1 A tiger eats meat.
O
3.2 I like it.
O
3. 3 He called Tom.
O
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}What can be “object” in a sentence?
noun
pronoun
name
宾语（O）：动作的承受者，常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或介词之后。
Henry teaches us English.
双宾语（IO + DO）
在动词后方所跟的双宾语中
表示物的叫做直接宾语direct object（简称“直宾”）
表示人的叫做间接宾语indirect object（简称“间宾”）
S
V
DO
IO
常见接双宾语的动词：teach, buy, bring, take, give, send, sell, show, tell, write, lend, make
常借助介词to的常用动词
teach/tell sb. sth =
teach/tell sth. to sb.
take/bring/give sb. sth=
take/bring/give sth to sb.
send/write sb. sth.=
send/write sth. to sb.
show sb. sth.=
show sth. to sb.
常借助介词for的常用动词
buy sb. sth=
buy sth. for sb.
lend sb. sth.（借）=
lend sth. for sb.
make sb. sth=
make sth. for sb.
双宾语易位
VS
My mom made me a cake.
My mom made a cake for me.
S
V
DO
IO
S
V
DO
IO
My mom made me happy.
S
V
O
OC 宾补
区分以下句子成分
My mom made me a fool.
S
V
O
OC 宾补
2. 英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。
我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。
宾语补足语（Objective complement）
1. 宾语补足语主要是对宾语进行补充说明, 说明宾语的身份、特征或状态等。
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}4. C (complement) 宾语补足语
V+宾语(名词、代词)+宾补形容词/副词名词/介词短语现在分词(表示主动、正在进行的动作)过去分词(表示被动、已经完成的动作)
?
动词不定式
不带to的动词不定式
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}4. C (complement) 宾语补足语
4.1 The war made him a hero.
OC
4.2 The fire left him homeless.
OC
4.3 When he woke up, he found himself lying in the street.
4.4 When he came to himself, he found himself surrounded by his family and friends.
4.5 We plan to play soccer in this afternoon.
4.6 We saw him play soccer.
名词
形容词
OC
OC
过去分词
现在分词
OC
（省略to不定式）
动词不定式短语
OC
What is Predicative?
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}5. P (predicative) 表语
5.1 He looks fine.
P
5.2 You are happy.
P
5.3 He became a teacher.
P
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}What can be “predicative” in a sentence?
look, are, become
= link verb
adj. / noun
= P
表语（P）：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或形容词担任。
Let’s practise
Exercise : Find the differences – SP vs. SVA
The boy looks great.

2. The boy looks at the window carefully.
系动词
表语（形容词）
谓语-实义动词
状语（副词修饰动词）
S
S
O
What is Adverbial?
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}6. A (adverbial) 状语
6.1 He lives in Longchuan.
A
6.2 You go to school by bus.
A
6.3 He was born in 1918.
A
状语（A）：是用来说明动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。
常由副词，介词+其他担任。
修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。
地点状语
方式状语
时间状语
The students study hard.
I often write to him.
The bag is too heavy.
副词
Welcome Unit
Discovering Useful Structures(2)
1. 句子的基本成分
S
V
O
P
A
DO
IO
C
Basic knowledge
（主语）
（谓语）
（宾语）
（表语）
（状语）
（直接宾语）
（间接宾语）
（宾语补足语）
Basic Sentence Structures
英文中简单句的基本句型有以下八种：
1. 主+谓(不及物动词) SV
2. 主+谓(及物动词)+宾语 SVO
3. 主+系动词+表语 SVP / SP
4. 主+谓(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
5. 主+谓(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOC
6. 主+谓(不及物动词)+状语 SVA
7. 主+谓(及物动词)+宾语+状语 SVOA
SV IO DO
8. There be 句型

1. SV 主语+谓语(不及物动词Vi.)
此句型中 “主语+不及物动词/词组”构成句子的主体部分，不及物动词后不能直接带宾语,需要加一个介词后才可以接宾语。
例1 Class begins.
例3 Time flies.
例2 The rain has stopped.

2. SVA 主语+谓语(不及物动Vi.)+状语
此句型中，副词或介词短语在句子作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。
状语可以表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等。
例1 Her mother has gone abroad.
例2 The red sun rise in the east.
状语修饰动词
状语修饰动词
例3 He runs slowly in the park everyday.
3. SVO 主语+谓语(及物动词Vt.)+宾语
此句型中谓语是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。
注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。Vi+prep.=Vt.
例3 You must listen to your teacher.
例1 I like English/running.
例4 I write about my feelings in my diary.
例2 Children love to play this game.
4. SVOA
主语+谓语(及物动词Vt.)+宾语+状语
副词或介词短语在句子作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。
状语可以表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等。
例1 The girl enjoys reading in the morning.
例2 A boy met a girl during the break.
5. SVP/SP 主语+系动词+表语
此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。
例1 She became a singer.
例2 My brother is out now.
例3 Breakfast smells good.
6. SV IO DO
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
例2 I bought Tom a birthday gift.
IO
DO
例1 I showed her my photos.
IO
DO
常见的可接双宾语的动词有：give, send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award, grant（授予）等。
7. SVOC
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾补才能表达完整的意思。
常见的可做宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式,不带to的动词不定式等
例1 I will make you captain.
例2 You should keep the room clean and tidy.
例3 They felt the car moving fast.
在there be句型中，S和V是倒置的。 谓语V的单复数由后面第一个名词决定。
8. There be 句型 “某地存在某物/某人”
例1 There is an apple on the table.
V S A
例2 There are seven days in a week.
V S A
其基本结构是“There is/are/was/were...＋地点状语”。
谓语动词有时可用表示存在的其他动词，如live、stand、lie、seem/appear to be（好像有）、happen to be（碰巧有）等。
There (be) a book and two pens on the desk.

There (be) two pens and a book on the desk.
is
are
Read the sentences and analyse the structures.
1 The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of
the city.
2 We must act.
3 The maths homework looks easy.
4 The teacher found the classroom empty.
S
V
A
S
V
S
V
P
S
V
O
C
Read the sentences and analyse the
structures.
5 My mum bought me a new dictionary.
6 Tom is looking forward to meeting the new
exchange student.
7 There is an English Corner at our school.
8 We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
S
V
IO
DO
S
V
O
There be ......
S
V
O
A
1. That dream has come true!
2. Tim and his classmates are living on a ship!
3. They also learn about ships and the sea.
S
V
S
V
S
V
A
O
Read the passage and analyse the structures
of the underlined sentences.
4. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.
5. There’s always something exciting to do.
6. Studying and doing homework seem
much more fun.
S
V
IO
DO
V
IO
There be ......
S
V
P
DO
并列句
Answer
Thank You

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