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(共45张PPT)
读后续写方法指导1-----构造动作链
一、善用连续的动作描写，形成动作链
在描写动作时，同学们要学会细化动作，把动作过程分解成一连串细微的动作，形成动作链，写出动作的连贯性，这样才能使描写具有画面感，使人物更立体。
典例1　He got into the car. 他坐上了车。
对比： He stopped the taxi，jumped in with the suitcase and told the driver，“Go to the police station，please.”
他拦下了车，拿着箱子跳进了车里，然后对司机说，“请到警察局去。”
分析: 把“上车”的动作，然而通过拆解，细致地展现了一个动作的组成部分。其本质是避免简单粗暴地使用一个动词概括整个动作，而是用2－3个动词组合进行描述。用一个公式进行总结以上例句，如：上车＝拦车＋上车＋告诉目的地。
典例2　She got off the car. 她下车。
对比：She would get off the car excitedly，laughing and dancing around. 她会兴奋地下车，又笑又跳。
分析　这句讲的是一个比较粗线条的妈妈，动作描写完整地描述了这位妈妈下车时及下车后的表现，即：下车＝下车＋笑＋跳。
续写常用的动作链形式
(1)“A，B and C”结构 （三连动: 三个并列谓语，动作依次发生）
“A，B and C”结构，就是多个连续的动作用在一个句子中。
例1　男孩们跳入湖中嬉戏。
分析　跳入湖中，这个动作前面或后面会有哪些动作？
动作链　跳入湖中嬉戏＝冲向湖边＋脱掉衣服＋跳入水中。
The boys rushed excitedly to the lake，took off their clothes and jumped into the water.
例2　她抱住儿子。
分析　抱住儿子，这个动作前面或后面会有哪些动作？
动作链　抱住儿子＝冲向前＋蹲下＋一把抱住。
She dashed forward，knelt down and gathered her son into her arms.
例3　这个歌手唱歌。
分析　歌手唱歌，这个动作前面或后面会有哪些动作？
动作链　歌手唱歌＝扫视观众＋深吸一口气＋开始演唱。
The singer glanced at the audience，took a deep breath and began to sing.
通过阅读以上三个动作链的例子，我们会感觉眼前展现出一幅生动形象的画面，虽然没有情感词汇在里面，但是已经把一些情感都丰富地体现出来了。
(2)“句子＋非谓语动词”结构（使用条件：凸显同一逻辑主语，主动或被动，表示动作伴随，原因或结果）
下面用三个句子来说明这种描写动作的句子结构。
模式1：句子＋-ing
例1　老人静坐。
分析　老人静坐，这个动作前面或后面会有哪些动作？
动作链　老人静坐＝坐在夕阳下＋看报纸＋听广播
The old man sat under the sunset，reading the newspaper and listening to the radio.
模式2：句子＋having done
例2　没有买到票。
分析　“买票”这个动作前面或后面会有哪些动作？
动作链　没有买到票＝排了很久队＋被告知票卖完了
Having queued for 3 hours，he was told that the ticket had been sold out.
模式3：句子＋-ed
例3　孩子们哭了。
分析　“哭”这个动作前面或后面会有哪些动作？或者因为什么原因孩子哭了。
动作链　感动哭了＝被感动＋哭了。
Deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry.
练能生巧：用括号内动词的正确形式，结合语境补全句子构成动作链。
仿写1：I _________ the telephone and __________, _________.
(put down, shake, sit down)
仿写2：_________ me crying louder and louder, she silently ____________ a pack of napkin and_________ to me.
( pull out of, hand, see)
仿写3：他站起身来，走到窗前，苦思冥想。(stand up, walk, think)
put down sat down shaking
Seeing pulled out
handed
He stood up ,walked to the window and was lost in thought.
或：He stood up and walked to the window, thinking hard.
翻译巩固
1. 他穿上外套，怒气冲冲地跑了出去，把门重重地关上。(put on,storm out, slam the door shut)
2. Lorna 走到窗前，打开窗子，抬头望向星空。
3. 她拿起照片，盯着看了一会儿，然后小心翼翼地放进相册里。(pick up, stare at, place)
4. 她和妈妈吵了一架，然后生气地跑出房子外。
5.我毫不犹豫地抓起我的暖和外套，匆匆走向那个家伙。
He put on his coat, stormed out and slammed the door shut.
Lorna came to the window, opened it and looked up at the night sky.
She picked up the photo, stared at it for a while and placed it carefully into the album.
She had a quarrel with her mother and ran out of the house with anger.
Without hesitation, I grabbed my warm coat and hurried to the guy.
6. 爸爸拍了拍Tom的头，告诉他不要担心。
7.她轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀，然后说再见。
8.父亲拍着我的肩膀，鼓励我永远不要放弃自己的梦想。
9.听到他的声音，Kent沉默了。
10.听到这个消息，她妈妈笑了，轻轻拍了一下她的背。
The father patted Tom on the head, telling him not to worry.
She patted me on the shoulder gently and said goodbye to me.
Hearing his voice, Kent became silent.
Hearing the news ,her mother smiled, patting her on the back gently.
My father patted me on the shoulder, encouraging me never to give up my dreams.
11.她站在一个摊子(stand.n)旁边，看着一个中年人忙着做事情。
12. 看到这么可怕的景象，我能感觉到背后的寒意。
13. 看着孩子的背影，大卫如释重负地哭了。
14. 看到一辆车正在靠近，她激烈地挥手，希望能搭上车。(wave violently, get a ride)
15. 想到他会让他妹妹失望，他忍不住抽泣起来。
She stood beside a stand , watching a middle-aged man who was busy doing his business.
Seeing such terrible sight, I could feel that chills ran down our spines.
Looking at the back of the child, David cried with relief.
Seeing a car approaching, she waved violently, hoping to get a ride.
Thinking that he would let his sister down, he couldn’t help sobbing.
16.我们绝望地站在那里，不知道下一步该怎么办。
17. 我很震惊，说话声音很低，有点犹豫。(in a low voice, with hesitation)
18.他向他父亲道歉，乞求他父亲原谅他的不良行为。
19.思考了一整晚之后，他下定决心把真相告诉老师。
20.他把手伸进口袋，抓出一把零钱，然后递给农夫。
We stood there hopelessly, wondering what to do next.
I was shocked, speaking in a low voice with hesitation.
He made an apology to his father, begging his father to forgive his bad behavior.
He reached deep into his pocket, pulled out a handful of change, and held it up to the farmer.
Having thought for a whole night, he made up his mind to tell his teacher the truth.
读后续写方法指导2-----善用修辞手法
在续写中若能适当运用比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手法进行细节描写，能加强文章的表现力和感染力。在平时学习中，掌握积累修辞手法并学会灵活运用是提高读后续写的关键。
比喻: 明喻和暗喻
明喻：直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处，常用的明喻标志词有 like, as, seem, as...as, as if, as though, similar to等。暗喻：也叫隐喻，本体喻体都出现，中间常用喻词“是”等连接，有时不用喻词
1.她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
The smile on her face shone like a diamond.
2. 她脸上的笑容和夏天的太阳一样充满活力。
The smile on his face was as vibrant as the sun on a summer day.
2. 我感觉自己像漂浮在悲伤的海洋中。
I felt like I was floating in an ocean of sadness.
3. 后悔就像一把锋利的刀子深深地刺进了我的心。
Regret cut deep into my heart like a sharp knife.
4.我如鲠在喉，泪水湿润了眼眶。
I felt a lump in my throat, tearing welling up in my eyes.
5. 他非常着急就像热锅上的蚂蚁一样。
He was anxious like an ant on a hot pan/ like a cat on hot bricks.
6. 人们对他的演讲报以雷鸣般的掌声。
His speech was greeted with a storm of applause.
观众们爆发出雷鸣般的掌声
Thunderous applause bursts out from the audience.
7. 小男孩狼吞虎咽。The boy wolfed down the food.
8. 听到这个消息之后我简直如坐针毡。
I was sitting on the pins and needles after hearing the news.
9. 我们的腿又沉又冷,感觉就像大冰块
Our legs were so heavy and cold that they were like blocks of ice.
10. 沿路的风景就像一幅美丽的山水画卷。
The scenery along the journey is just like a breath-taking landscape painting.
繁星像珊珊发光的珠宝一样装饰了浩瀚的天空。
Clusters of stars decorated the vast sky like sparkling jewels.
拟人
把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化，使语言生动，形象，更有感染力。
Part 1：把自然现象当作人来描写
1. 微风轻柔地亲吻着她的脸庞。
The breeze gently kissed her cheeks.
2. 鹅毛般的雪花在空中飞舞，像一幅美丽的图画。
The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air, making a beautiful picture.
3.寒风开始咆哮，刺痛了我的脸。
The icy wind started howling, stinging my face.
4. 夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。
Stars winked at me in a darkening sky.
5. 顷刻间，黑暗统治了森林。
Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.
Part 2：把含蓄抽象的概念当作人来描写
1. 恐惧把他吞噬了。
Fear seized/swallowed him.
2. 我气得说不出话来。
Anger choked my words.
3. 我突然想到一个好主意。
A good idea suddenly struck me.
4. 她焦虑不安，十分崩溃。
Anxiety torn her into pieces.
6. 他没信心了。
Courage/Confidence deserted him.
7. 我兴奋的啥也说不出来了。
Excitement deprived me of all power of speech.
deprive "使丧失，剥夺 "。
读后续写方法指导3-----形容词做状语
1. 表原因
Depressed and helpless（又沮丧又无助），Eric burst into tears.
Curious to know what was happening inside（很想知道里面在发生什么），Eric pushed the door open and slipped into the house.
2. 表结果
Eric finally made it to the top of the mountain，hungry but excited（饥饿但却兴奋）.
Eric was encouraged by the teacher's smile， full of confidence in his plan.（对计划充满了信心）
3. 表伴随
Deep in thought（沉思），Mary sat still against the door.
Lost in the forest（迷失在森林之中），Mary lay under a tree， full of fear and despair（充满恐惧和绝望）
1.回答不出老师的问题，学生们都保持沉默。
2.在我回家的途中，我看到一个中年男子躺在路边，烂醉如泥。
3. 躺在床上，我睡不着，听着外面呼啸的风声。
5.Mary 满脸通红、气喘吁吁地从大门口跑了进来。
6.Jack 在他的房间里来回踱步，陷入了深思。
7.在直升飞机的帮助下，Mary安然无恙地出了森林，见到了她的丈夫。
Unable to answer the teacher's question, all thestudents kept silent.
On my way home, I saw a middle-aged man lying by theroadside, dead drunk.
He was lying in bed, awake, listening to the roaring wind.
Flushed and breathless, Mary bounded in through the gate.
Jack paced up and down in his room, deep in thought.
With the help of the helicopter, Mary got out of theforest and saw her husband, safe and sound.
8.困在迷雾中，我什么也做不了，只能哭泣，无助又失落。
9.Lucy 道款说∶"对不起。"满脸羞愧和自责。
10.又绝望又疲惫，Jane 跪了下来，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
11.他们一言不发地听着，都知道安慰她只会让她更生气。
12.Harry很好奇，想知道商店里的人群在看什么，于是便挤了进去。
Trapped in the dense mist, I could do nothing but burst into tears, helpless and disappointed.
"Sorry," apologized Lucy, shame-faced and self-condemned.
Desperate and exhausted, Jane knelt down, with tears rolling down her cheeks.
They listened in silence, aware that any attempt to calm her would only increase her annoyance.
Curious to know what the crowd in the shop was looking at, Harry edged his way inside and squeezed in.
读后续写方法指导4-----无灵主语
无灵主语句即用非人的________, __________, __________ 等作主语
1.当用时间地点做主语时，动词一般用____________________________等。
2.当用情感/心理状态做主语时，动词一般用__________________________等。
时间地点
情感/
心理状态
具有动词意味的名词
3.具有动词意味的名词主要有________________________________________。
see, witness, find
desert, deprive, strike, occur to, come over …
The sight of/The thought of
Dusk found the child crying in the street.
黄昏，一个小孩子在街上哭。
1949年中华人民共和国成立了。
1949 saw/witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
时间/地点名词作主语+witness, see, find
Sth saw/witnessed our happy moments. ...见证了我们的快乐时光
情感/心理活动类名词作主语+desert, deprive, strike, occur to, come over, permit, …
When he stood in the stage, his confidence suddenly deserted him.
当他站上讲台，他突然失去了信心。
Astonishment deprived me of my power of speech.
我惊讶得说不出话来。
It struck/hit/occurred to me that...
An idea struck/hit/occurred to me. 我突然想到一个主意。
A strange peace came over her when she was alone.
她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁。
具有动词意味的名词作主语
The sight of/The thought of/The glance of...
Thought of the interview filled me with fear. 一想到面试我就特别害怕。
The thought of seeing her son very soon filled her heart with great happiness. 一想到能够见到她儿子，她就满心欢喜。
One glance at the scene told him everything. 一看到这个场景，他就知道了所发生的事情。
(一)人物情感描写
人物情感描写是对人物在特定环境下产生的想法、感触、联想等心理活动的描写，旨在深刻地揭示人物的精神世界。在读后续写中，描写人物的情感是常用的描写方法，恰当的情感描写能够表现文中人物的性格，推动事件的发展。在描述人物情感时，要突出文章的中心，与人物的性格吻合，符合事件发展的逻辑。要选用恰当的词句通过情感描写精确地刻画人物的内心世界。
读后续写方法指导5-----人物情感描写
1.常用词汇
(1)cheerful adj.快乐的
(2)excited adj.兴奋的
(3)joyful adj.欢乐的
(4)pleased adj.欣喜的，高兴的；满意的
(5)tear n.[常用复]眼泪，泪珠
(6)sorrow n.悲痛；忧伤
(7)sadness n.悲伤，忧愁
(8)pain n.痛苦
(9)grief n.悲痛
(10)glare v.对……怒目而视
(11)annoyed adj.恼怒的，气恼的
(12)shame n.羞愧；耻辱
(13)hopeless adj.没有希望的，绝望的
(14)anxiety n.焦虑
(15)be wild with delight欣喜若狂
(16)be in high spirits情绪高涨
(17)be seized with panic惊慌失措
(18)a strong sense of loss强烈的失落感
(19)make one’s heart bleed使人心碎
(20)be down in spirits情绪低落
(21)lose one’s spirit垂头丧气
(22)get mad/cross at sb.对某人勃然大怒
(23)ignore a complaint对抱怨不予理会
(24)stamp one’s foot in anger愤怒地跺脚
(25)feel discouraged感到泄气的
2.常用语句
(1)The surface of the calm lake stirred the waves，and my mood was as cheerful as a wave.
平静的湖面激起了浪花，我的心情也像浪花一样欢快。
(2)I couldn’t restrain my joy and jumped into the house.
我抑制不住内心的喜悦，蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门。
(3)We were very pleased to hear this encouraging news.
听到这个令人鼓舞的消息，我们十分高兴。
(4)He was delighted to receive recognition for his achievements.
他的成就获得了认可，他很开心。
(5)He stood silently，tears rolling down his cheeks.
他静静地站着，眼泪顺着面颊流了下来。
(6)I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.
我感觉自己正漂浮在悲伤的海洋里。
(7)As he looked at Katherine，great sorrow clouded his eyes.
他看着凯瑟琳，满眼忧伤。
(8)He was tongue-tied with anger.His hands trembled and he shouted for half a day.
他气得张口结舌，双手直颤抖，大喊大叫了半天。
(9)Ellen felt both despair and anger at her mother.
埃伦对她的母亲感到既绝望又生气。
(10)Andy’s face paled with disappointment；perhaps with anger as well.
安迪的脸色由于失望而变得苍白，也许还掺杂着气愤。
(11)He is just mad at me because I don’t want to go.
因为我不想去，他就对我火冒三丈。
(12)She was too frightened to tell her family what had happened.
她太害怕了，不敢告诉家人发生了什么事。
(13)His heart was pounding，as if he were frightened.
他的心怦怦跳，似乎被吓坏了。
(14)My brain is blank.I just want to leave this horrible place.
我的大脑一片空白，只想离开这个恐怖的地方。
(15)We were all astonished at the unexpected news.
听了这个突如其来的消息，我们都十分惊讶。
(16)All those present to listen to her sad story were moved to tears.
所有在场听到她悲伤故事的人都感动得流下了眼泪。
(二)场所环境描写
环境描写是指对人物所处的具体的社会环境和自然环境的描写。其中，社会环境是指能反映社会、时代特征的建筑、场所、陈设等景物以及民俗民风等。自然环境是指自然界的景物，如季节变化、风霜雨雪、山川湖海、森林原野等。在进行读后续写时，要着重事件发生的地理位置和天气变化等。
1.常用词汇
(1)beach n.海滩
(2)situate vt.使(某物)位于
(3)northern adj.北方的，北部的
(4)rural adj.农村的
(5)beneath prep.在……下方
(6)rock n.岩石
(7)mountain n. 山
(8)a favorably situated city位置优越的城市
(9)a small village off the map一个偏僻的小村子
(10)the thinly populated rural area人烟稀少的农村地区
(11)the blue sky蓝天
(12)the songs of birds鸟鸣
(13)the fragile flowers娇嫩的花
(14)the green grass青草
(15)the fragrant roses芬芳的玫瑰
(16)the setting/rising sun落日/冉冉升起的太阳
2.常用语句
(1)There is a small village midway between these two towns.
在这两个镇的中间有个小村子。
(2)The bookstore is within a stone’s throw of the school.
那个书店就在学校的附近。
(3)Dark clouds were gathering in the sky.乌云密布。
(4)The night sky is lit up by flashes of light.
一道道光照亮了夜空。
(5)The sun was now high in the southern sky.
太阳正高挂在南边的天空。
(6)The sun went in，and the breeze became cold.
云层遮住了太阳，微风有了些凉意。
(7)The mist melted rapidly in the morning sun.
在早晨的阳光下，薄雾很快就消散了。
(8)The mountain area is covered entirely in dense jungle.
山区完全掩映在茂密的丛林中。
(9)The mountain top was covered with snow.
山顶被积雪覆盖。
(10)The region is uninhabited except for a few mountain villages.
除了几个山村之外，这个地区杳无人烟。
(11)Bathed in the sunshine and delighted by fantastic scenery，we headed for the destination.
沐浴在阳光下，享受着美丽的风景，我们向目的地出发。
完成下列句子
1.她向她道谢，转身向门口走去，这时有东西碰到了她的腿。
_______________________________________________________________________
2.他不情愿地上了车，犹豫了一下，然后跑下车去拥抱罗先生。
_________________________________________________________________________________
随堂演练
She thanked her and turned to the door when something brushed against her leg.
He boarded the bus reluctantly，hesitated，and then ran back off the bus to hug Mr Rowe.
3.听了这话，她妈妈微笑着轻轻地拍着她的背。
___________________________________________________
4.身后跟着几个学生，老师手里拿着几本书走进了办公室。
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5.令人难忘的是，她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光，嘴角保持着平稳的微笑。
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Hearing this，her mother smiled patting her back gently.
Followed by some students，the teacher came into the office，with some books in his hand.
Unforgettable were her eyes that shone like diamonds and lips held in a steady smile.
6.听到这个消息，他失望地借酒浇愁。
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7.我走进她的办公室时，紧张得心都到了喉咙口。
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8.湖位于山脉最东端。
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Hearing the news，he was so disappointed that he drowned sadness in wine.
My heart was in my mouth when I walked into her office.
The lake is situated at the eastern extremity of the mountain range.

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