资源简介

(共38张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新外研
单元：选择性必修一 Unit 5 (Using language — Developing ideas)
本单元词汇梳理
1. characteristic character (特征，必修一 U3) + -istic (形容词后缀)
词块：key / personal characteristics
2. decline de- (down 向下) + cline (to bend 弯)→ 向下弯曲→ 减少；下降
意为“拒绝”时是正式用语，对应refuse
词块：decline to do sth, decline by
3. blame 词块：put the blame on, blame sth on sb / sth, blame sth for, be to blame (for sth)
4. worldwide 合成词：world + wide
5. giant 源自希腊神话中的巨人族癸干忒斯 (gigantes)
6. myth 近义词：legend
7. legend 词块：legend has it that … = it’s said that …
派生词：legendary
8. detect de- (不、非) + -tect (to cover 掩盖) → 不再被掩盖 → 察觉、发现
派生词：detective
9. pesticide pest (n 害虫) + -cide (killer 杀手)
10. root 基本义：根
名词动词化
词块：be rooted in
11. link 一词多义，基本义“环；节”
词块：a link between ... and ..., link ... to / with
12. cybercrime 合成词：cyber (网络、计算机) + crime (犯罪活动)
重难点词精讲
decline
一词多义
正式用语与
非正式用语
抽象名词具体化
blame
搭配义
characteristic
be + 形容词 + to结构
detect
root
link
熟词生义
一词多义
辨析义
一词多义
characteristic
To realize the Chinese dream, we must stay on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
为实现中国梦，我们必须坚持中国特色社会主义道路。
characteristic
■ n [C]［常用复数］特征；特色；特点：
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. 2019 江苏
key / personal characteristics
■ adj 特有的；典型的：
Sunny, hot days are the characteristic weather of the summer months.
词源解读：character (特征，必修一 U3) + -istic (形容词后缀)
☆ character 指“性格”
An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character; however, they are not always permanent.
☆ personality 指“个性；人格”
People’s clothes are often an expression of their personalities.
☆ characteristic 指“特征；特点”
Tom was a teenager whose unusual characteristics, excellent memory and a gift for strategy made him ideal to run an organisation.
☆ nature 指“天性；本性”
The love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature.
辨析character, personality, characteristic, nature
借助精准的汉语释义辨析。
decline
decline
decline
看图猜词义
减少；下降
拒绝
v
vi 减少；下降：
The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year.
vi 衰退；衰落：
Our brain can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons. 2020 浙江
decline 由“de-（向下）+ -cline（弯；转开） ”构成，词源义为“向下弯曲”，即“下降；降落”。
decline
词源解读
vi & vt [正式用语]谢绝；拒绝 (refuse)：
We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined. 2020 天津
Mary declined Jay’s invitation to dinner.
decline to do sth:
In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. 2012 山东
n [C] & [U] 减少；下降；衰退；衰落：
the economic decline
There is a sharp decline in population.
比refuse正式
decline 语义网络图
decline
下降
基本义
趋势“下降”
“下降”
别人的邀请
数量“下降”
谢绝；拒绝
减少；下降
衰退；衰落
v
n
减少；下降；衰退；衰落
正式与非正式用语是指在特定的文体中使用不同语言。正式文体中通常使用正式用语，包括书面语、正式场合用语，如演讲、论文、报告、通知等。非正式文体中通常使用非正式用语，包括日常用语、随意场合用语，如家庭谈话、朋友交流等。区分正式与非正式用语对于学生书面表达和日常表达都有指导意义，能有效提升学生在不同场合下使用不同词语的能力。
正式 (formal) 与非正式 (informal) 用语
Informal / Neutral（中性） Formal
照亮街道 light up the street 1. __________the street
结束调查 end an investigation 2. __________ an investigation
告知某人某事 tell sb about sth 3. __________ sb of / about sth
下降 (v) decrease / fall 4. __________
拒绝做某事 5. __________ to do sth decline to do sth
在运动中 be moving be in 6. __________
组成 make up 7. __________
允许某人做某事 8. __________ sb to do sth permit sb to do sth
正式用语与非正式用语
illuminate
conclude
inform
decline
refuse
motion
compose
allow
A Joke
Teacher: Betty, you made so many mistakes in your exercises, surely your mother will blame you!
Betty: Blame me for them Oh, no. On the contrary, she is to blame, because it was she that did my homework instead.
vt 责备；把……归咎于 to say or think that sb / sth is responsible for sth bad:
You’ve failed to do what you were expected to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you.2010 四川
① blame sb / sth for (doing) sth:
While we can’t change the body type we are born with, we can’t blame our genes for making us fat. 2014 重庆
Once you form the habit of blaming somebody
or something else for a bad situation, you are a
loser. 2010 广东
blame
② blame sth on sb / sth:
Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.
【常见搭配】
be to blame (for sth)（对某事）负有责任：
It’s all my fault. I’m to blame.
Who is to blame for the fire
n [U]（对错误 / 坏事应负的）责任；责备 responsibility for a mistake or sth bad：
take / bear the blame
Where does the blame for our failure lie
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. 2017 全国
同义异构：
be responsible for
detect
词源解读：de- (不、非) + -tect (to cover 掩盖) → 不再被掩盖 → 察觉、发现
同根词protect：pro- (before 在……前面)+ tect (to cover 掩盖、掩护) → 在前面掩护 → 保护
detect
vt 察觉；发现；侦查出：
Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.
【词汇拓展】
detective n [C] 侦探：
a detective story
private detective
root
注：root 由植物等的“根”，衍生到问题的“根源 ”。
tree roots 树根
root words 词根
root cause 根本原因
root
■ n [C] 根；根源；起源；词根：
tree roots
Money is often said to be the root of all evil.
After 20 years in America, he still feels his roots are in China.
Modern pop music has its roots in the folk songs of black Americans.
Words often come from the same root.
■ vi & vt（使）生根；（使）扎根：
With mother’s words deeply rooted in my soul, I never doubted we would succeed.
root up 连根拔起
名词动词化
根据所给汉语，在空白处填入适当的短语。
1. Scientists have established a possible ______________________ __________________________（癌症和日常饮食之间的联系）.
2. The problems of the economy _____________________________ ______________________（与一些社会问题密切相关）.
connection
/ link
link
between cancer and diet
are closely related to
/ connected with
/ linked to / with
/ relationship
环；节
联系；关联 (connection) ：
Is there a link between smoking and lung disease
（交通、沟通的）连接线；（互联网的）链接：
a rail / road / telephone link
link vt 连接；联系 (connect) ：
He walked with her, linking arms.
link ... to / with 把……连接 / 联系起来:
A subway line will link the airport to the city centre.
Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness.
link n [C]
link 语义网络图
连接人和人、物和物的“环；节”
链状物上连接在一起的“环；节”
连接交通、沟通的“环；节”
连接互联网的“环；节”
环节
环；节
link
（基本义）
n
v
联系；关联
（交通、沟通的）连接线
（互联网的）链接
连接；联系
“be + 形容词 + to” 结构
用“be + 形容词 + to”的结构完成下列句子。
1. The verbal expression “OK” ________________（源于）the United States and was formed in support of the letter O indicating that something was as perfect as a circle.
2. The custom of setting fireworks off at the Spring Festival ____________（是……特有的）China.
3. To give happiness to others ______________（相当于）the double happiness.
is native to
is unique to
is equal to
4. When doing volunteer work, we need to ________________（对……敏感）the physically and mentally handicapped, the homeless, the elderly and orphans（孤儿）.（2014 广东改）
5. I _______________________（对……感激）all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.（2015 安徽）
6. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________________（对……是必不可少的）their development.（2013 江苏）
be sensitive to
am grateful / thankful to
is essential to
抽象名词具体化
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It is _______ disgrace that you quarrel with a little girl.
2. A man can fail many times, but he isn’t _______ failure until he begins to blame someone else.
3. One of NASA’s major __________ (concern) about astronauts is how they can remain healthy for long in space.（2015 湖北）
4. Everyone agreed that climate change is _______ threat.
5. No one can deny that it is _______ delight to watch her dancing skills with natural grace.
a
a
concerns
a
a
不可数的抽象名词可用来表示可数的人或物，即“抽象名词具体化”。此时，名词的数和词义都发生变化。表示抽象的概念时，前面不用冠词；表示具体的一个人或一件事时，前面通常用不定冠词。
6. If you watch my __________ (motion) carefully you will see how the trick is performed.
7. Robert will place _______ announcement in the personal column（专栏）of The Daily Telegraph（《每日电讯报》）.
motions
an
本单元金句汇总
1. Sunny, hot days are the characteristic weather of the summer months.
2. The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year.
3. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. 2012 山东
4. There is a sharp decline in population.
5. It’s all my fault. I’m to blame.
6. Money is often said to be the root of all evil.
7. Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness.
随堂检测
characteristic
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society.
_______________
2. This pattern is characteristic of the local architecture.
_______________
二、在空白处填入单词character的正确形式。
Personal _______________, such as age, sex and marital （婚姻的） status are taken into account.
特有的；典型的
特征
characteristics
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The super star declined __________________ (interview v).
2. They encourage kids to politely decline __________ (do) things that they believe are wrong.（2014 江苏）
3. Scientists estimate that shark populations in the north-west Atlantic Ocean have declined _________ an average of 50% since the early 1970s.
4. In the US, the monthly decline __________ vehicle sales accelerated （加快） for the last three months, falling 41% in February from a year earlier.
to be interviewed
to do
decline
by
in
二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
1. I ____________________________（已经婉言谢绝了他们的提议）
to exhibit some of my paintings in this gallery.（2014 上海）
2. Many older people don’t begin to experience
_____________________________（身体的衰弱和智力的下降）
until after age 75.（2015 广东）
3. Chimps（黑猩猩）in the wild seek food for themselves. Even
chimp mothers regularly ________________________（拒绝分享食物）
with their children.（2016 江苏）
4. A company whose profits from home markets
______________________________（在迅速下降）may seek
opportunities abroad.（2014 山东改）
have declined their offer
physical and mental decline
decline to share food
are declining fast / rapidly
blame
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Now he has no one but himself to blame ___________ losing the job. （2014 江西）
2. The mother didn’t know who _______________ (blame) for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
3. Some people lay the blame ___________ the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food. （2013 湖北改）
4. ___________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
5. Joe is proud and stubborn（固执的）, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else ___________ (blame).（2014 浙江）
for
(was) to blame
on
Blamed
to blame
二、将下列句子译成汉语。
The report blames poor safety standards for the accident.
________________________________________________
2. One of the computers is broken and she is blaming it on me.
________________________________________________
3. Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for
the fire.
________________________________________________
报告把事故归咎于安全标准不高。
有一台计算机坏了，她正怪罪于我。
政府官员认为，可能不止一人对火灾负有责任。
detect
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Mistakes should be corrected as soon as detected. ________
2. Amy could detect a certain sadness in the old man’s face. ________
3. We are trying to detect and understand how the climates change. ________
二、在空白处填入单词detect的正确形式。
1. Most skin cancers are completely curable if __________ early.
2. Sherlock Holmes（《福尔摩斯探案集》）is British _____________ fiction written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
detective
发现
探测
detected
察觉
root
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Tree roots drink a lot of water, so remember to water what you plant. ________
2. “Press” is the root of “impress”, “express”, “depress” and “pressure”. _______
3. We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.（2015 天津）
_________
4. Desert elephants seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. _________
二、根据所给词块，将下面句子译成英语。
爵士乐起源于美国南部各州的民歌。(has its roots in sth)
_____________________________________________________________
树根
连根拔起
Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US.
词根
根源
link
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. There are a number of links between the two theories. ________
2. We click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.（2012 湖北） ________
3. Linking arms with one of the instructors（教练）, I helped carry the drowning man out of the water.（2018 全国改） ________
二、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 污染和树木枯死之间有关系。(link between)
__________________________________________________________
2. 有证据表明心脏病与久坐有关。（2014 上海改）(there is proof that, link ... to / with)
_____________________________________________________________
链接
挽臂
联系
There is a link between pollution and the death of trees.
There is proof that heart disease is linked to / with sitting for long periods.
谢
谢
观
赏

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