资源简介

高中英语 2023高考专题复习
必修三（人教版）七选五题型专项训练
In the United States and Britain, 70th wedding anniversaries are known as “platinum anniversaries (铂金婚)”. ____1____ For example, celebrating the first year of marriage is known as a “paper anniversary”. Fifty years of marriage marks a “gold anniversary”. And the term “diamond anniversary” is used to describe a marriage that has lasted for 60 years.
____2____ In the US, people give gifts to couples when they reach certain years of their marriage. The first year anniversary is marked by giving the couple a clock. ____3____ And they can get musical instruments when they reach their 24th anniversary.
____4____ In Canada, couples can receive a message from the country’s governor-general (总督) on their 50th anniversary, and on every fifth anniversary after that. In the US, the president himself will send a greeting to couples that reach their 50th anniversary,and for every anniversary after that.
____5____ Or perhaps the truly cool thing is celebrating such a long life full of love and happiness with your special someone.
A．If two people reach their 10th anniversary, they can expect to receive diamond jewelry.
B．People in different countries have their own ways of celebrating wedding anniversaries.
C．The 25th wedding anniversary is popularly referred to as the “silver anniversary”
D．In Canada and the US, couples can even receive special congratulations from world leaders on certain anniversaries.
E．People often celebrate their wedding anniversary by having dinner at an expensive restaurant.
F．In fact, there are many different terms that are used to describe different marriage lengths.
G．How cool would it be to get a letter from the president
If you’re a chronic procrastinator (慢性拖延者), you’re familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you’re probably having trouble getting started in the first place! ____6____.
Start your day with the hardest tasks. Make yourself a plan in the morning and pick the hardest task first. You’ll be most energized in the morning once you’ve eaten breakfast and woken up fully. ____7____. You’ll feel better once it’s done, and then you can move on to a few easier tasks for the rest of the day.
____8____. It can be astonishing to think about finishing a whole essay or getting through an entire week’s worth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big barrier, break it all down into tiny pieces. You’ll be able to get started on the smallest crumb and go forward from there.
Tackle your most important task for 15 minutes. Instead of thinking about the total number of hours you’re about to work for, just start. ____9____. This will deal with the fear factor, and you'll likely spend much longer than 15 minutes on your task before you stop working again.
Promise yourself you’ll get a reward when it’s done. You’re probably scared of the next however many hours you need to finish this task. Just tell yourself that when it’s over, you get to celebrate with one of your favorite things. ____10____
A．Write a to-do list to set goals first.
B．Break tasks down into small parts.
C．There are several ways that can help you.
D．Stop punishing yourself for procrastinating.
E．Tell yourself you’ve only got to do it for 15 minutes.
F．Handle your hardest thing on your schedule right then.
G．Use that expectation to push yourself through the pain.
Find a few trusted lists. The publishing industry puts out more than 50,000 books a year. ___11___ Nobody does. However, we should get our reading lists from booksellers. There's nothing as nice as getting one person's favorite books. Finding a few trusted lists can be as simple as the email lists. ___12___ Some of the lists that I personally like are: Bill Gates's reading list and Derek Sivers's reading list.
___13___ It's one thing to quit reading a book and feel bad about it. It's another to quit reading a book and feel proud of it. All you have to do is to change your mind. Just say, “Now I've finally thrown this brick to make room for that gem I'm about to read next.” Usually, I quit reading three or four books to find a book I can read to the end.
___14___ You may be wondering why I don't read e books, saving myself all the time and effort required to bring books in and out of the house. In an age when our books, films, and photographs are all going digital, there is something popular about having a growing collection of books in the home. Perhaps there is a nice change in your mind while you're reading physical books. ___15___
A．Read physical books.
B．Try to read as much as you can.
C．Change your mind about quitting.
D．Do you have time to read 1,000 new books a week
E．You'd better find out the most popular reading lists first.
F．And it can be a welcome change to hold a physical book in your hands.
G．With a bit of digging you can easily find the one that totally satisfies you.
Music provides a wonderful background for your life and you can find increased enjoyment from what you’re doing while reducing stress from your day by listening to music. ___16___, it makes things fun and, at the same time, doesn’t take time away from your busy plan. So it’s necessary for you to learn to make full use of music in life.
___17___. You can wake yourself up with music and start your day feeling great. By selecting the right music, you can prepare yourself for a lower-stress day. For example, classical or instrumental music can help you wake up while keeping you calm. ___18___, try something that’s energetic and makes you want to dance and smile.
Eating at home is a great way to make sure of healthy meals. ___19___. At this time, if you put on some beautiful music you enjoy, cooking becomes a fun activity rather than a chore. You’ll find yourself relaxed and enjoy your dinner better.
Keeping a clean and organized home can really help reduce your stress level. But cleaning itself is a chore that many busy people don’t want to face after a long day. Luckily, if you put on some music, you can raise your energy level and have fun as you clean. ___20___. In this way, you may work better and faster. Who knows, you may even come to look forward to doing the job!
A．You can use music to get ready in the morning
B．If you play music when doing your regular activities
C．If you have a busy day ahead that requires extra energy
D．You will be more prepared to take on what waits for you
E．Listening to music can help you eat less and stay healthy
F．However, many people feel too tired to cook once they get home
G．Also you can think you only need to clean for a certain number of songs
People take up volunteering for different reasons. ____21____ Whatever the reason, once you have decided that you would like to give some of your time to help others, you need to make some decisions.
Choose a charity or organization
Firstly, what sort of organization do you want to help ____22____ -- perhaps you have been affected by some of the issues that a charity aims to support, like children who need help. Many local schools depend on volunteers who come in regularly to read with the children or help with their math.
____23____
Once you have decided where you want to volunteer, you then have to decide what sort of volunteer work you want to do. Think about your existing skills: Do you prefer hands-on work Are you good with people Do you have a background in administrative (行政) work Charities need volunteers to work in shops, organize or manage fundraising (筹款) events, or, in the case of animal charities, walk dogs.
Find a position
Most charities have a website with a section aimed at attracting potential volunteers and they advertise specific roles available. But smaller charities might not have funds (资金) to do this. ____24____ You will be welcomed with open arms!
Apply for suitable positions
Be prepared with information about your previous (or current) employment and the sort of skills you have, so that the charity can match you to the most suitable role. You might think that have no such skills. Don’t let your lack of confidence stop you. ____25____
A．You might have a particular charity in mind.
B．Consider how much time you want to put.
C．Without them, they simply wouldn’t carry out their work.
D．Ask your friends and loved ones what they think you can offer.
E．Some want to “give something back” while others want to meet new people or learn new people or learn new skills.
F．Decide on the kind of work.
G．In this case, you would usually need to phone or visit their offices to find out how you can help.
24 Solar Terms: 5 things about Major Snow
Major Snow, the 21st solar term of the year, which falls on Dec 7 this year. During Major Snow, the snow becomes heavy and begins to accumulate on the ground. The temperature drops significantly. Here are 5 things you should know about Major Snow.
Snowy winter
The snow in North China may last a whole day, breaking tree branches and blocking the road. In the south, snowflakes fall and the world turns white. A proverb about the snow says, "A timely snow promises a good harvest". ___26___
______27______
The red plum blossoms (梅花) in contrast with the white snowy world is a feast for the eyes and have inspired many great poems. The plum blossom, which originated in China, is respected in Chinese culture for its bravery against severe winters.
Eating lamb
Lamb is a favorite food for Chinese people during Major Snow. _____28_____ People in Chongqing like to have potted lamb soup with their families and friends. Nanjing residents like to stew lamb with some plants to make it more nutritious.
Making sausages
During Major Snow, people in southern China make sausages, an important part of preparation for the Spring Festival.____29____. The sausage should be dried in the shade, and is edible after a week.
Preventing respiratory (呼吸道的) illness
During this period, Chinese people watch for outbreaks of respiratory illness, which can be prevented by wearing a warm scarf to protect the neck and properly drinking water.______30______. At the same time, don't drink cold water after exercise.
A．Writing poems about snow
B．Appreciating plum blossoms
C．But you should not drink too much water at a time
D．Drink as much water as you can whenever possible
E．The best meat for this delicacy comes from the bottom of the pig
F．As the snow covers the ground, the low winter temperature kills pests
G．It promotes blood circulation and provides protection against the cold
In Halloween, children put on costumes and walk around the neighborhood. They ring doorbells and ask for treats. The custom of trick-or-treating has become popular in recent years. ____31____
Today I Found Out showed that the custom began with a Celtic tradition. It celebrated the end of the year by dressing up as evil spirits. Here is what the Celts believed. As we move from one year to the next, the dead and the living would overlap (重叠). Demons (恶魔) would wander the earth again. ____32____ You might come across a real demon wandering the Earth. If you were dressed up, they would think you were one of them.
____33____ They turned the demon dress-up party into “All Hallows Eve”, “All Soul’s Day” and “All Saints Day”. They had people dress up, such as saints and angels, but there were some people who still dressed as demons.
As for the trick-or-treating traditions, they began in the Middle Ages. Children would dress up in the costumes, sometimes poor adults did too. During Halloween, they would go around door to door, singing and praying in order to get food or money. ____34____ The children were then called “soulers”.
The earliest quotation of “trick or treat” in print was from the Calgary Herald, 3rd November, 1927. “Halloween came and went. ...The greatest activity was manifested by the very young, who wandered in droves from door to door, heavily disguised and demanding “trick or treat”. ____35____ ”
A．To treat was to be untracked.
B．But do you know where it started
C．People dress up on Halloween to beg for food.
D．Dressing up as demons was a defense mechanism.
E．Then Catholicism was trying to change the custom.
F．Children sing and pray in exchange for food or money.
G．They were often said to be on behalf of the dead, which was called “souling”.
In China, people in different areas have their own ways to celebrate the Spring Festival. Especially between Northern China and Southern China, there are many differences.____36____
One is about the food on the night before the Spring Festival. In Northern China, people usually eat dumplings during this time. For luck, people may put sugar in dumplings.____37____People in the south usually eat Niangao or Tangyuan on New Year’s Eve. Both foods are also considered to bring a better life. There are many causes. For example, Northern China grows lots of wheat (小麦) while Southern China grows lots of rice.____38____People in Northern China usually love food made by wheat.
____39____In Northern China, people often put up paper cuttings on windows to wish for happiness of the coming year. In many parts of the south, people no longer put up paper cuttings for the Spring Festival. Instead, they decorate their house with a kumquat (金橘) tree bearing fruit.
It’s true that Northern China and Southern China have differences in celebrating the Spring Festival.____40____After all, many Chinese are moving from one place to another. When reaching a new place, they also bring their customs there. So now many people in Northern China also eat Tangyuan.
A．Here are some examples.
B．Many foods are made of rice.
C．The differences bring many bad results.
D．But the differences are gradually disappearing.
E．As a result, people in Southern China often prefer rice.
F．That way, they believe life in the next year will be “sweet”.
G．China’s north and south also have a difference in New Year decorating.
How to Start a Business
Unemployment rate is so high in present society that many young people are thinking about starting their own business. However, setting up on your own will by no means be easy.____41____.
Make a business plan.
If you decide to start a business, the first thing you must do is to draw up a realistic business plan—this is a working document that describes the business, its objectives, its financial forecasts and so on.____42____.
____43____.
Once you have a detailed business plan and enough evidence to believe that your idea is viable（可行的）, it is time to go and see the bank manager. It is important to shop around to find which bank offers the best deal and who you feel most comfortable with. Make sure what you're getting is right for you and your business.
Develop a survival strategy.
____44____. One of the biggest stumbling blocks to people starting a business can be understanding all the legislation. That can be tax, employment, trade, health and safety or environment. It can be confusing if you have never run your own business.
Get yourself noticed.
In order to make your business a success, you must ensure that consumers know it exists.____45____. For example, if you are running a local plumbing company, then delivering leaflets in your area would be the best option.
A．So it is really important to make a business plan
B．The tips below may help you to start a business
C．A bank would not consider lending money unless you show a detailed business plan
D．Be sure to attract much attention
E．Choosing how to advertise depends on the type of the business
F．Get access to finance
G．Make sure you are running your business correctly by the law
Toy Story, Cars, Finding Nemo, Wall-E, Up — you have probably watched all these films. ____46____ Let’s go through the process of creating a cartoon film.
Creating the storyboard
The first step is to write down the main ideas of the story. ____47____ Based on the storyboard, the art department creates the first draft for the characters, their clothing and emotions, and the design sets.
Making characters using 3D modelling
A special computer program is used to create 3D shapes of the characters, sets and props—this is called modelling. ____48____ Special equipment is used to record points on these shapes. This information is then sent to a software program which recreates the 3D shape.
Making them move
The layout crew (摄影构图组) decide how these characters should move and then the cartoonists take over. They use 3D software to create the movements of each character, the skeleton’s (骨架) movements, facial expressions and more, between key frames (帧) in the story.____49____
Dressing up for the show
The sets and props are “dressed” according to the designs laid out by the art department. The skin and hair for the characters, their costumes as well as special lighting effects such as shadows, shining reflections are also created.
Letting the show begin
____50____ The computers draw each frame one by one, with each frame slightly different from the previous one. Each frame takes 5-6 hours to create — imagine how much computing power and time it will take to create 24 frames per second of a 2-hour film!
A．From that, storyboards are drawn.
B．All these films have cost a large amount of money.
C．Remember too, that the movements have to be smooth!
D．Some of these shapes are simple, but some are very complex.
E．The decorations of the sets and props are created using a software.
F．Have you ever wondered how these amazing cartoon films were made
G．All the 3D characters, their movements, and lighting are to be done by computers.
Mother's Day is a time of commemoration and celebration for Mom. It is a time of breakfast in bed, family gatherings, and crayon scribbled "I Love You".
___51___ During the 1600's, England celebrated a day called "Mothering Sunday". Celebrated on the 4th Sunday of Lent (the 40-day period leading up to Easter), "Mothering Sunday" honored the mothers of England.
During this time many of the England's poor people worked as servants for the wealthy. ____52____ On Mothering Sunday the servants would have the day off and were encouraged to return home and spend the day with their mothers. ___53___
As Christianity spread throughout Europe the celebration changed to honor the "Mother Church"-the spiritual power that gave them life and protected them from harm. Over time the church festival blended with the Mothering Sunday celebration. ___54___
While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mother's Day at different times throughout the year, there are some countries such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium which also celebrate Mother's Day on the second Sunday of May.
Don't forget to tell our mothers how much we love and appreciate them. ___55___ Go ahead! Just do that!
A．Mothers are so great that everyone should respect them from now on.
B．The earliest Mother's Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea, the mother of gods.
C．People began honoring their mothers as well as the church.
D．As most jobs were located far from their homes, the servants would live at the houses of their employers.
E．A special cake, called the mothering cake, was often brought along to provide a festive touch.
F．It's never too late to do that!
G．It is not important that Mother's Day is at different times throughout the year.
More Than Just Food
There are a few ways in which Chinese restaurants are different from Western restaurants. Consider how Westerners go about eating at restaurants. Everyone always gets their own menu and orders their own food. ____56____ , it is quite difficult to talk to — or even see — more than a few people during the meal.
____57____ . Usually, everyone sits at large and round tables where it is easy to see and talk with each other, even if it is a rather large group. One person orders the food for everyone , after considering the likes and dislikes of the other people in the group. ____58____ . Everyone then serves themselves by taking a small bit of food and putting it on their own plates.
Just as in the West, people can choose what they want to eat. However, while in the West, importance is placed on the individual and having one’s own preferences, in China importance is placed on sharing and community. Instead of seeing themselves as individuals first, and part of the group second, Chinese people generally see themselves as part of the group first and individuals second. ____59____ .
Finally, since people are seated at a round table, everyone is treated equally. ____60____ . However, respect is still shown to older people or people of higher status, as they always sit at the far end of the room facing the door.
A．China has many different styles of food
B．And, since the tables are usually small
C．No one is given greater importance over another
D．You should make an effort to enjoy Chinese food
E．Everyone still gets what they want, but it is a shared experience
F．Then, when the food comes, all of it is put in the middle of the table
G．However, the traditional Chinese restaurant experience is quite different
Volunteering means to carry out a duty or a job without expecting repayment or reward. The concept is very popular in advanced or rich countries. But in some countries, many people look at volunteering as a waste of time and effort ____61____.
One is immediately seen as selfless and helpful when one volunteers to help out someone such as a friend，teacher or parent. ____62____ , when you help a teacher to clean the classroom or get involved in a cleanliness campaign at the school level or other community projects Teachers and adults would look at a young person who volunteers his or her time for certain activities as mature, responsible and deserving of respect.
In addition, volunteering with an organization such as orphanages, community centers and other non-profit organizations allows you to interact with society at large. In addition to helping these organizations carry out their duties, you not only gain experience but can learn a variety of skills. ____63____ . Even though they are not being aid, through volunteering time, effort and skills, one would learn more than what money can buy.
____64____ . For example, if you volunteer your time regularly at a charity organization, you would learn how the organization works and the importance of teamwork, and other essence ideas related to the day-to-day operations of the organizations.
Thus, with so many benefits, students, in particular, should be allowed to participate volunteer activities. ____65____ .
A．You will feel you are proud
B．Your standing would be lifted
C．This is especially beneficial to students
D．One should actively be involved in volunteering
E．However, one can gain many benefits from volunteering
F．They can learn useful interpersonal and organizational skills
G．Volunteering also exposes one to many interesting ideas and issues
Life on Mars: Is it really possible
Now that Curiosity is beaming back Earth-like pictures of Martian landscape, the old question raises its head: Could man and woman ever go there The answer is very definitely yes. There are a number of practical challenges to overcome first, however. There are differences between Earth and Mars, but also a number of similarities. _______66_______
Phobos and Deimos
Unlike Earth, Mars does not have a polar magnetic field. Scientists believe that the two Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, are little planets. _______67_______
____68____
For the annual IGEM or International Genetically Engineered Machines competition, students around the world attempt to make living cells perform new tasks. In preparation for the human colonization of Mars, seeds and organic matter would have to be transported from Earth to begin growing plants and establishing a food supply.
Super-sized Bees
Plants need pollinators as well as water, and the best pollinator on Earth is the humble bee-and entire hives would be transported to Mars. _______69_______However, without natural predators, they could grow very large, indeed.
Overcoming Challenges-Opening Possibilities
There will be other challenges to overcome, for example, the effect on the human body of living in a field with low gravity. _______70_______Right now, we ought to welcome the challenges. The more challenges we overcome now, the more prepared we will be for moving out of our solar system and into the grand, universal adventure that is ahead of us.
A．IGEM
B．The next question is: Could man colonize Mars
C．Once there, the insects would be let loose among the plants.
D．However, all kinds of other interesting things will be happening.
E．But these are already issues for astronauts living on the International Space Station.
F．They do not have the stabilizing effect on the spin of the planet like the moon has upon Earth.
G．Mars has Earth-like seasons and the planet surface is abundant in minerals essential for plant growth.
The COVID-19 epidemic(新冠疫情)is sill spreading rapidly throughout the world. Luckily, it is under control in China with the efforts of our government and all the people. However, we should still be careful in our daily life. There’re some rules for us to follow.
1. Get vaccinated (打疫苗)
Since there’s still no special medicine to cure(治愈) COVID-19, ____71____The government is providing available vaccine(疫苗)for everyone in our country. If you’re over 18 years old and in good health, you can get vaccinated near your community. ____72____
2. Wear masks(口罩)
People have been used to wearing masks since the epidemic broke out. It is summer now, maybe wearing masks in hot weather makes you feel uncomfortable. However, ____73____
So whenever you go out, don’t forget to put on your mask. You may look cooler with a mask on!
3. Wash your hands
____74____ Especially when you get home from school or work, or return from any other public places, the first thing you should do is to turn on the tap(水龙头), pick up the soap and wash your hands completely.
4. Keep safe social distance(距离)
You’d better not go to crowded places. The summer vacation is beginning. If you have to go to the stores, movies, parties, supermarkets, etc, besides wearing masks, remember to keep social distance. ____75____
Anyway, take good care of yourself and live a safe and happy life!
A．Wash your hands as often as possible.
B．But you have to pay!
C．we don’t need to do anything about it.
D．What’s more, it is free!
E．Avoid getting too close to other people.
F．the vaccine is the most important way to prevent it.
G．it is till a good way to stop the virus(病毒)from spreading among people.
Gratitude (感恩)makes everything more special. It connects you to where you are and who you are with and what you are doing. Read the following tips for developing gratitude. ___76___, you will truly get the benefits.
※ Write in a diary every morning and declare how you want to feel that day. ___77___. This puts me in a receiving way so that I can better attract my dreams and desires by taking subconscious (潜意识的)and conscious steps toward choices that serve my ambitions.
※Go on a walk. Walking—with zero social media disturbance—is a gateway to gratitude. I walk my dog in the morning, walk through my neighborhood, and mentally express gratitude for everything I can think of during the walk. ___78___.
※___79___, do it physically. This means sitting down and taking a moment to feel gratitude in every area of your body. I work my way up my body, beginning with my feet and working up toward the rest of my body, bones, and organs, until I reach my head. This is a great place to start if you’re feeling extra low!
※Next time you’re with a group of friends or even strangers, ask them to go around and say what they’re grateful for. ___80___. I am always so happy, surprised, and amazed at how open and appreciative people are for the inquiry.
A．I use the 5-minute diary
B．This is something I do regularly
C．If you’re wondering how to express gratitude
D．If you can make the time for this simple practice
E．If you’re having trouble expressing gratitude mentally
F．It is important to make use of the time to make friends
G．It’s the perfect time to set up your brain for positive thinking
If you’ve ever been bitten by a mosquito, you know how frustrating their bites can be. ____81____ , creating an itch (痒) that once you start scratching only seems to get worse. Why does a mosquito bite itch and what can we do
Why does a mosquito bite itch
When a mosquito bites you, it pierces the skin using a special mouthpart to suck up blood and injects saliva (唾液) into your skin. Mosquitoes’ saliva has lots of proteins in it, some of which our body recognizes as foreign, and our immune cells spring into action to try to fight them. ____82____ . It’s actually the body’s response to the foreign mosquito protein it is trying to fight. That’s why some people may only have a mild reaction to bites, while others, more sensitive to the foreign protein, react with large areas of swelling that are more painful.
What helps resist the urge to scratch
“Don’t scratch” is the advice that most experts and health professionals give. As hard and sometimes unrealistic as it can sound, scratching inflames (发炎) the skin, and the inflammation makes the skin itch more. “ ____83____ ,” warned Daniel Markowski, technical adviser for the American Mosquito Control Association, adding that in extreme cases, people can scar themselves.
Instead, there are dozens of creams and sprays that promise itch relief as well as home remedy (疗法). Choose what’s right for you can often come down to trial and error. In general, all of the various anti-itch creams are very similar. There is no scientific evidence these remedies work, and they can come with their own precautions or side effects. ____84____ .
____85____
Some people can have serious allergic reactions to mosquitoes, although in practice it is rare, Vosshall said. If you experience severe symptoms such as breathing trouble, you should seek medical attention immediately.
A．When to seek medical attention
B．What to do with a mosquito bite
C．It’s not the bite that causes the itch
D．The more you scratch, the more they itch
E．The little red bumps swell up almost immediately
F．Scratching can cause secondary infections and prolong the irritation
G．In fact, the best remedy to fight the itch is to prevent a bite in the first place
On a warm spring morning in 1984, Dong Yao-hui and his two young friends pulled on backpacks and set out on a hike of the Great Wall. Their walk began in Shanhai Pass. ___86___ By sunset, they took shelter in ancient towers where soldiers once stood guard, perhaps watching for invaders from the north.
The walk of 17 months and 8,850 kilometers tested persistence. ___87___ The trip would not only change their lives but the fortunes of the wall itself, helping preserve it and lift it to the status it holds today.
On completing their journey, they published their experiences in a book. As they shared their adventures, it became clear that it was not just the physical demands but also the emotional impact that left lasting impressions.
___88___ Since then, China has made a number of measures to protect the attraction. In 2006, for instance, the State Council issued the Regulation on the Protection of Great Wall to strengthen laws concerning its preservation and regulate activities on the structure.
The Cultural Relics Administrative Department has been given control over the overall protection of the Great wall. ___89___
Dong places his hands on the weathered wall, as he did 35 years ago. But today, he thinks more deeply on a mission grander than his own journey. "Someone dug up some earth, making it into a brick," he says. "Someone else brought it all the way up the mountain and built a wall. Then many people guarded the wall for hundreds of years. The Great Wall is definitely alive. ___90___"
A．It isn't just a cold, stone wall.
B．Preservation requires the efforts of all society.
C．From there they went forward to the vast west.
D．It wound its way and reached into the Bohai Sea.
E．It made them the first ever to walk the whole length.
F．Meanwhile, local villagers have recently been hired to act as guardians.
G．Preservation work began when the Great Wall was listed as a World Heritage Site.
How to be a more responsible person
Responsibility doesn’t come at birth. It is something that is acquired as you age, go to school and progress in life. However, you can hear and see a lot of different things, both good and bad. ____91____ That’s why your sense of responsibility depends only on you. All of it depends on your own decision. Here are a few tips on how to improve your sense of responsibility.
____92____ If you make a mistake, admit it. Instead of making excuses, give the true reason why you failed. By coming up with an excuse, you actually admit to being irresponsible.
Stop plainers are usually those who talk too much and do nothing. By always complaining about the world around you, you actually fill yourself with negativity. ____93____ Therefore, stop complaining!
Overcome postponement. The first step to success is to stop putting things off. Postponement will lead you nowhere. You’re responsible for your own future, so stop delaying now and start taking action on what truly matters. ____94____
Be consistent and stick to your schedule. Having a routine is good. ____95____ Try to wake up at the same time every day. Even on weekends, you could get up earlier instead of staying in bed until noon. This will give you some consistency. Plus, getting up early allows you to have more time for whatever you have to finish that day. Additionally, you should set a schedule for your work and personal tasks, and stick to it.
A．Actions speak louder than words.
B．Stop making excuses for yourself.
C．By being negative, you are suffering terribly.
D．You choose your own behavior, actions and words.
E．It means order and means you are on the right track.
F．The hours you wasted could have been used for better things.
G．Even though you never complain, you are obviously exhausted.
Impolite cellphone users are anywhere where there’s a cellphone signal. ____96____. Could that be you Follow our expert phone rules to avoid being rude and annoying.
Know where not to use your phone. ____97____, so avoid talking on your cellphone or having it ring while in such places as hospitals, libraries and movie theaters. Turn you phone off if necessary.
Don’t talk too loudly. When in public, try not to raise your voice while on the phone. Generally you don’t have to shout on the phone to be heard on the other end. In fact, doing so often makes it harder for you to be understood. ____98____.
Don’t use your phone when having a meal with someone. If possible, turn it off. If you’re waiting for an important call, let the person you’re with know beforehand (事先) that you’re expecting a call that you’ll need to take. ____99____. If you have to, step away but don’t stay away any longer than a bathroom break.
____100____. When you’re in an enclosed space, or you can’t put yourself 10 feet out of everyone’s way, it’s inappropriate (不适当的) to talk but it’s potentially acceptable to receive and send text messages. But you’d better not text while doing anything that requires you to be focused.
A．Learn to text
B．Focus on your messages
C．Some places are inappropriate for cellphone usage
D．Limit phone use during gatherings with your friends
E．Try not to hold a phone conversation at table
F．In addition, shouting on the phone disturbs people around you
G．Most people who are impolite don’t even realize what they’re doing
Have you ever been bored and decided to check social media, only to find out that your best friend is at Disneyland, that one of your classmates is eating delicious pizza at your favorite pizza store, and that one of your soccer teammates is climbing the Eiffel Tower in Paris Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you are Oh, man! You're missing out!___101___Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out or FoMO.
___102___It's so easy today to see what your friends are doing from the social media. Unluckily, we only have so much time in the day and only so much money to spend on food or entertainment It would be impossible for us to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in on social media.
Rather than realizing this basic truth, though, we usually let FoMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others on social media. ___103___ Why We know all the sides of our lives— both good and bad. but all we see on social media are the picture-perfect moments others share.
___104___FoMO makes us check social media more frequently, leading to addiction and a negative cycle that can be hard to break. Researchers have found that social media and FoMO can cause serious negative results, including feeling of depression, loneliness and boredom.
___105___Researchers advise that we stop looking to social media for happiness. Instead, we should focus our attention on our real lives, including the people around us and all the things we're grateful for.
A．Have you ever experienced FoMO
B．At least that's what you might think.
C．This certainly leaves us feeling dissatisfied.
D．So how do we break the cycle and avoid FoMO
E．Over 75% of young people report feeling FoMO from time to time.
F．As famous Theodore Roosevelt said, "Comparison is the thief of joy".
G．If you let FoMO control you, the only thing you'll really be missing out on is your own life.
It’s more than 384,000km from Earth. We can see it most nights. And it’s not made of cheese! I am, of course, talking about the Moon. Astronauts have taken giant steps to explore this natural satellite floating in space, but despite it being out of reach for most of us, ____106____.
The Moon, obviously, provides moonlight. A full moon, seen roughly once a month, can light up our way on an otherwise dark night. But while this lunar light can be impressive to look at, ____107____. One study showed that during or around the full moon, those studied spent less time in deep sleep, slept for less time and reported having poorer sleep, despite sleeping in a dark room not exposed to moonlight.
____108____. One study suggested animals are more likely to bite us during a full moon. And many moons ago, it was thought the Moon induced lunacy — the word derives from the Latin word ‘lunaticus’, meaning ‘moonstruck’, and evolved from the idea that celestial changes could cause periods of insanity. ____109____. They will avoid a full moon at all costs because, although the added moisture in the soil at this time may give a fuller and juicier grape, the additional water is thought to dilute the taste of the fruit, which results in a less successful vintage.
The Moon might affect our behaviour too. Writing about this for BBC Future, Claudia Hammond explains one interesting theory. Just as the Moon’s gravitational pull affects the tides, it exerts its influence on the water in our bodies. But she points out “the Moon is smaller than the Earth, so its gravitational pull is correspondingly less powerful. What’s more, it exerts the same force on us regardless of whether it’s new or full.” ____110____. So, like the Moon being made of cheese, we must be careful what we believe!
A．it can affect our sleeping patterns
B．it still moves us in mysterious ways
C．great achievements have been made by us
D．There are many theories about how the Moon can affect other things too
E．Even winemakers look to the Moon when planting and pruning grapevines
F．Research into ancient myths about the effects of the lunar cycle on us is ongoing
G．Scientists attach great significance to space exploration about the lunar cycle on us
Live Science says that large percentage of people are chronically dehydrated (慢性脱水). But most of them might not even be aware they are dehydrated. Staying hydrated (含水的) is a basic way to take care of our bodies. It is vital that humans consume water as it supports key aspects of our functioning. ____111____ So how do we get on track with our water drinking
____112____ Some people find it helpful to set reminders on their phones or on their daily to-do lists, tracking and marking each cup of water they drink. Others feel like they need outside motivation with a friend and working together to meet their goals.
Buying an attractive, quality water bottle is a popular recommendation and also helps us stay away from plastic water containers. ____113____ Adding slices of fresh lemon or coconut water are healthy and delicious drinks as well.
Something else to keep in mind is that there’s no need to make things too difficult. ____114____ Leaving water bottles in key areas around the house, for example, can help as visual reminders. Also, adding water-drinking into daily routines can be effective as well. For example, drinking a cup of water before brushing teeth can add plenty of liquid into our bodies.
When people start consuming more water, they’ll notice an increase of energy and a clearer mind. Some notice their skin looking healthier and a digestion improvement. ____115____ Because just like plants need to be watered to grow and bloom, so do humans.
A．It will require a conscious effort.
B．For those who don’t like the taste of water, that’s OK.
C．Every cell and organ in our body needs water to work properly.
D．Moreover, 3. 2 liters of liquid per day for humans are recommended.
E．Others might not notice many changes but do notice an improved mood.
F．In fact, trying to make things as convenient as possible can work wonders.
G．Although we might know how important it is, it can be a difficult habit to maintain.
Christmas is approaching. That means drinking hot chocolate, eating a roast dinner and making a snowman. ___116___
Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. That means when it’s winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it’s summer in Australia. So that’s right, you guessed it. Christmas time in Australia is a very hot and sweaty affair!
On Christmas Day, people don’t like to eat hot turkeys or heavy meals. They like to have a BBQ and eat outside in the evening. Many families will play sports and games together in the evening too, enjoying the cooler weather. ___117___
___118___ You could say that in a way it makes them feel nice and cool because it’s so hot! They still have Christmas trees and Santa still wears winter clothes. They know he comes from the North Pole, where it’s cold, so that’s why. I used to think Santa must like coming to Australia because many other places he visits are just too cold!
But some Christmas songs have been given a “hot” twist (改编). ___119___ It changed the original line from “Oh what fun it is to ride in my one-horse open sleigh(雪橇)” to “Christmas in Australia on a scorching summer’s day”. Singing these kinds of songs is a nice way to acknowledge the unique way that Australians spend Christmas.
One year, I went to Canada to see some relatives at Christmas time. On the morning of Christmas, I woke up to the sight of fresh snow outside. I was so excited. “Now this really looks like Christmas,” I thought to myself.
___120___ So, no matter whether you are freezing cold or boiling hot, as long as your loved ones are nearby, the Christmas spirit will be there.
A．Still, they sing the same Christmas songs, all about snow.
B．The followings are what Australians usually do at Christmas.
C．But of course, the real meaning of Christmas is to be with your loved ones.
D．People who live near the ocean might go to the beach and play on the sand.
E．For example, there is an Australian version of the famous Jingle Bells carol.
F．It is a nice way to acknowledge the unique way that Australians spend Christmas.
G．But in Australia, where I’m from, most people don’t do these things at Christmas.
Life consists of constant decision-making at pretty much every moment and you can make choices and plans for life. ____121____ When these unanticipated situations add up, it’s easy to become anxious and feel out of control. The principles below may help you handle these feelings.
Rather than viewing your life as “out of control”, it helps to take an “it is what it is” attitude for the time being. ____122____ Instead, it just signifies letting go of needing control; letting go of a need to control everything can lead to greater life satisfaction.
Even if you may not control everything, you do still have control over some things. Work on changing the things you do have control over, like going to the gym a bit more, eating fewer sweets or removing an unpleasant person from your life. ____123____
Constantly wondering whether you’re making the right choices will disturb you. In contrast, taking pride in what you create for your life is beneficial. If you’ve made bad decisions, learn from them and move forward. ____124____ Also, try to be appreciative of challenging situations because they push you to keep going and bring you to better times.
____125____ Whether it is with a loved one or a clinical psychologist who offers professional advice, don’t hesitate to talk it out. They can help you deconstruct these feelings and sort them out accordingly.
A．Learn to value your own strengths.
B．There are times when you lack motivation.
C．This doesn’t mean accepting poor treatment.
D．Voicing what makes you stressed makes sense.
E．Yet no one can ever be prepared for the unexpected.
F．It helps establish a sense of control and optimism in your life.
G．The mistakes may have facilitated personal growth and wisdom.
Fall is our favourite hiking season. It’s not too hot. The bugs are gone. Solitude (无人居住的地方) is easier to find. But fall hiking has its own complications, especially when it comes to weather. ____126____
Protect your feet. Pamper your feet, and they’ll take you around the world. ____127____ A pair of suede or synthetic shoes will offer great comfort, without a big “breaking in” process. They dry fast, and aren’t tough on the wallet. If you’re going for longer treks (跋涉), then you’ll want footwear that offers support, comfort, weather resistance, and durability.
Backpacks. ____128____ Size. For a short hike, a daypack is best. It’s light, practical, and big enough to carry the essentials (you’ve looking for something between 15 and 35 L). For longer hikes, look for a pack between 30-50 L with an integrated frame (to prevent the bag from putting too much pressure on your back and shoulders).
Stay hydrated (含水的). Yes, the heatwaves of summer are probably gone for the year, but packing enough water is vital in any season. ____129____ For longer treks, consider a hydration reservoir, which can carry anywhere from 0.5 to 10 L. No need to search in your pack for your water bottle; just enjoy a sip from the handy tube.
____130____ Changeable fall can transform a sunny morning into a wet, cold afternoon. After a forest hike, the wind atop the lookout can bite. Dress in layers. If it’s warm, you can take a layer off to prevent sweating. If it’s cool, you can add a layer back on. Softshells are easily packable and light. They keep wind and water off, and are easy to take on and off as needed. Dressing for your trek Check the forecast before hitting the trails.
A．Number one criterion
B．Keep warm and dry.
C．Like only cheep shoes
D．Just going short distances
E．Having enough water will keep you energetic.
F．Before heading out, check out this handy fall hiking checklist.
G．For shorter hikes, this might just mean filling up your favourite water bottle.
Put on new set of gasses for a new view
Today I visited San Francisco’s modern-art museum. I was there to see a new exhibit about spaceflight.____131____I like to “visit” this particular painting every time I go to the museum not only because it evokes（唤起）strong feelings, but because I always find something new.
There's real pleasure to be found in revisiting a museum replaying a game or rewatching a movie. Some of that enjoyment comes from the feeling of familiarity of course.____132____.There’s always plenty more to see, hear, taste, smell, feel, of understand the second or third time around. But how do you discover the exciting new thing in the familiar
One way is approaching whatever task is at hand by searching for the things that you didn't see in the first time around. First, recognize that everything is always changing.___133___Second, remove judgment from the experience, if possible, and just observe what's new. For example, look for the ways in which a change in your neighborhood is interesting or exciting.
___134___That could mean removing sugar, coffee, a certain kind of media from your life for a specified time. Once the break is over, that same thing will have more of its former interest or excitement._____135_____So is true that novelty is fun, but given enough of a break in between, repeated experiences regain that initial excitement.
A．Repeated experiences like this are valuable.
B．Visiting a new country brings fresh experience.
C．Coffee will never taste better if you quit it for a month.
D．But the piece of art that made me cry was a familiar one.
E．But it also comes from noticing new things in what is so familiar.
F．So the second experience is never exactly the same as the first one.
G．Another way is changing your routine and taking a break of some kind.
Perhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture, make marketing plans, and run your business by local laws.
___136___ The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners. Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their country's culture and language.
The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and always look at the person in the eye. In social meetings with friends, kissing is common.
Use first names only after being invited to. ___137___ The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.
Dress well. ___138___ Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status. Always try to be tasteful and stylish. Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly. Wearing make up is practiced widely by businesswomen.
The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours. ___139___
Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate. ___140___ This may suggest that you find the food tasteless. If eating in a restaurant, the person who makes an invitation always pays.
A．Remember to be as polite as possible.
B．This is a time for relationship building.
C．Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname.
D．Be careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food.
E．Make an appointment with your business partner in advance.
F．The French draw information about people based on their appearance.
G．Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.
The 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago in China to guide agricultural production. They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.____141____
Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes. wild geese move from south to north and trees and grass tum green again.
____142____In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer.____143____
During Rain Water period, extra care is needed to deal with a returning cold spell and humidity, which is the amount of water in the air.____144____It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children.
The wet and humid weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen and stomach according to Chinese medical practice.____145____People in Beijing often eat porridge (粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather. Honey, dates and Chinese yam are also very good nourishment (营养) to put in the porridge
A．With Rain Water coming, insects become more active.
B．A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.
C．Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields.
D．According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil.
E．The temperature in most of the basin areas increases quickly during Rain Water
F．One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water.
G．The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather.
We’ve all heard the phrase less is more, and in the case of our personal space, it couldn’t be more accurate. In fact, studies have shown that a messy home can have a significant effect on our well-being because clutter (杂乱) can increase our stress and anxiety levels and reduce our ability to concentrate.
One place where this is particularly apparent is the bedroom, where the average person spends about a third of their time.____146____, your mind is unable to slow down and drift into peaceful sleep. You’ll find it easier to catch those much-needed if you’ve cleared away all the odds and ends that have collected on surfaces around the room.
____147____. The human brain prefers order, and a disorganized desk will divide your attention between your task and the state of your surroundings. As a result, you will drain your cognitive (认知的) resources much faster than you would in a tidy environment. If you regularly find yourself in situations like these, then it’s high time to clean up your act.
Now that you’re aware of the difference tidying up can make, let’s dig into some tried-and-tested ways of getting your home into shape. One of the best-known approaches in recent years is the KonMari Method by Marie Kondo, a world-famous organizing consultant from Japan.____148____.
That sounds simple enough, but where should you begin ____149____. If you’re starting with clothes, for example, collect all your articles from wherever they’re stored and sort through them all at once. This helps you see exactly how many extra items you’ve been hanging on to, making it easier to reduce your collection.
____150____. This way, other people won’t be around to make you feel bad about throwing out things like unwanted gifts. Another key tip is to shed any guilt you have about getting rid of objects by remembering that your home should honor who you are now, rather than who you once were. Should you hesitate, simply remind yourself how amazing it’ll feel to have your space filled with nothing but treasured belongings!
A．Kondo also recommends removing alone
B．The first step is to decide whether it is what you need
C．When your resting area is packed with too much stuff
D．Always keep in mind that it’s you who are the owner of your house
E．Another spot that should be kept neat is your work station
F．Kondo suggests working through your home by category rather than by room
G．Her strategy centers on keeping the items that spark joy and getting rid of the rest
Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic. ___151___Once the doctors get to you, they examine you and take blood samples, but they won't be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong.___152___ Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan, many people may never be in this situation. He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic(诊断的)tool.
Ozcan's invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use. In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses, there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don’t have enough training to correctly interpret what they see.___153___With Ozcan's mobile phone app, health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central computer at a hospital. The computer will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes.
___154___His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection. As more than four billion people already have cell phones, the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low.
By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology---mobile phones---Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effectively almost anywhere.___155___
A．Another reason that Ozcan's invention is important is that it is inexpensive.
B．Even though you may only have a simple infection (感染), you might die because of the delay.
C．People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool.
D．Ozcan's simple, cost-effective tool might just save millions of lives around the world.
E．This tool has become much more popular all around the world.
F．You become very sick and must wait days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help.
G．As a result, they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly.
Chinese culture values family bonds （纽带）very much. Family members don't just gather during the holidays. In fact, they often live under one roof all year round.
____156____Family in the East and West are very different from each other.
In most East Asian cultures, extended families（大家庭）are common. ____157____According to a survey, 90 percent of children in Shanghai and 70 percent of children in Beijing were cared for by their grandparents. Chinese people believe that “ a grandparent is a treasure to their family”.
In many Western countries, most families are nuclear families （小家庭）.These are made up of children and their parents.
Besides, the duties parents have toward their children can also be different.
___158___It's normal for parents to pay for their children's college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment. Chinese adults also consider their parents' opinions when making major life decisions.
In most Western countries, however, kids usually move out of the house after they turn eighteen. ___159___If they choose to keep living with their parents after becoming an adult, it can be seen as a failure on their part.
While the East cares more about close family bonds, the West values privacy （隐私）and independence. ___160___Families will always be a source of love, warmth, and care for people around the world.
A．But in the end, east or west——home is best.
B．But different cultures have different family values.
C．Nuclear families are the most common type in China.
D．Both Easterners and Westerners value quality family time.
E．These families have three or even four generations living together.
F．In China, many parents look after their children all the way into adulthood.
G．Many young people need to take out loans and work part - time jobs to pay for college.
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. ___161___
It turns out, it’s just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. ___162___Any small interruption-a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:____163____So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line-and serve each person at the front with the next available register. ___164___This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
____165____It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you
B．So why don’t most places encourage serpentine lines
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E．How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line
F．With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G．But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
Get out your shovels, your seeds, and your soil-it's almost April 22. Here are four fun ways to celebrate Earth Day with your kids.
Plant a tree.
Since the first Earth Day in 1970, planting trees has been a traditional way of celebrating the holiday. Try planting one in your own backyard, or attending a local tree-planting event. In its lifetime, that single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide.____166____.
Spend the day without a car.
__167__. Yet, challenge yourself to make your way through the day without hopping in the car. Walking, biking, or catching the bus will keep your carbon dioxide emissions down and show the kids there are other fun ways of traveling.
Take a walk in nature.
Perhaps the most obvious Earth Day activity is a nature walk. Make a list of things you'd like to find and check them off on your walk.___168___. Go through the colors of the rainbow and try and find an object in that color on your walk.
Attend a community activity.
Show your kids it's not just Mom and Dad who care about Earth Day. Tons of people will show up for local events as well!___169___. We guarantee you will find some activities like park cleanup, recycling demos, or tree-planting ceremony.
___170___.
When it comes to taking care of Earth, we all need to do our share. Take your kids to the local playground and give them each a pair of gloves and a small garbage bag. Task them with picking of scraps of trash as fast as they can-whoever fills up their bag first, wins. Once you get back home, enjoy some Earth Day movies.
A．Play the clean-up game
B．Remember that every day can be Earth Day
C．If you don't feel like making a list, try a color search
D．Check out your newspaper the week leading up to the holiday
E．On Earth Day, we realize what we can do to preserve our natural resources
F．And there are a lot more surprising facts about trees you can share with your kids
G．Depending on where you live, this will bring varying degrees of problem to travel
It’s regularly claimed that you’ll be more productive if you get up early. Very early. According to a 2016 Wall Street Journal article, the most successful and therefore productive people typically rise at 4 a. m. ____171____ For instance, if you’re awake while everyone else is still asleep, they won’t distract you, so you’ll be more productive.
However, the science tells a very different story. ____172____ An important one stems from our own biology. Sleep is crucial for our ability to function, and depriving yourself of it does more harm than good.
____173____ Less than that quickly has negative health effects, compromising mood, memory, stress tolerance, and more. Forcing yourself to wake at 4 a. m means you’re losing sleep, and will be less productive as a result.
Some people seem able to get away with it, being natural “early risers”. ____174____ A study by the National Sleep Foundation stated that “Individuals who habitually sleep outside the normal range may be exhibiting symptoms of serious health problems or even may be compromising their health and well- being”. Another study claims sleeping far fewer hours than average is more likely to be self-enforced than anything natural. ____175____
There may be some productive advantages to waking up in the early hours. However, these can easily be canceled out by the consequences of

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