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(共13张PPT)
Unit 2 Improving yourself
单元语法详解
外研版新教材选择性必修二
本单元重点语法
→过去完成时的被动语态
a. At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been
persuaded to stop using social media, …..（教材 P14）
b. They had been promised money by family and friends
for each day spent without using social media. (教材 P 14)
c. But on reflection, I can see how much of my time had been
occupied with checking my phone.(教材 P14)
d. None of them had been lost or damaged. (教材 P19)
◆ 原句再现
◆ 过去完成时被动语态的含义
● 过去某一时刻或某一事件前完成的被动动作，请观察以下句子
By the end of last term twelve units had been learned by us.
到上学期末， 我们已经学完了十二个单元
b. The job had been finished when they arrived.
他们到达的时候，这件工作已经完成了
● 某一时刻或某一事件前已发生但未完成的动作，请观察以下句子
By December last year, the bridge had been built for two years.
到去年十二月为止，这座桥已经修两年了
● 表示非真实的过去动作，请观察以下句子
a. If I had been invited, I would have gone with you.
b. If the meeting had been held, we would know the information now.
●主语 + had + been + 过去分词，即: 主语 + had + been +
done…….. , 请观察以下句子
◆ 过去完成时被动语态的构成
a. He had been admitted to a key university before he got
the news.
b. My homework had been finished by that time.
◆过去完成时被动语态的用法
● 用在 told, said, knew, thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句的动作已经被完成，请观察以下句子
a. He said that the books had already been sold out.
b. She told me that she had been employed by a big company.
c. Later they knew that they had been not invited.
d. The students thought that the building had been finished, but in fact
, it was impossible.
※ 温馨告知： after, before 等引导的状语从句中，由于这类词本身意义能明确表示时间先后关系，因此，谓语动词常用一般过去时的被动语态代替过去完成时的被动语态，请观察下面句子
After his homework was finished, he went home.
● 当 when , before, by the time, until 等引导的时间状语从句谓语是一般过去时，以及 by, before 后接过去的时间，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态，请观察以下句子
By the end of last year, 120 bridges had been built.
b. The man had been beaten when the police came.
c. The classroom had been decorated before the teacher arrived.
● 在 It was the first/second/….time that…从句中，主语时动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态，请观察以下句子
a. It was the second time that his bike had been stolen.
b. It was the first time that the boy had been taken to Beijing in a year.
c. It was the last time that he had been punished by his father.
●在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去事实相反，且主语时动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态，请观察以下句子
If the work had been finished earlier, we would have had time to see
a film.
b. If the bridge had been finished, we would have gone across it.
c. If he had been told the news then, he would have been excited.
d. If the road had been built earlier last year, the children in the village
could have ridden their bikes on it.
e. If my advice had been taken, they wouldn’t have failed.
f. If you had been woken up yesterday morning, you could have got to
the factory on time.
◆过去完成时被动语态的基本形式 (以动词do 为例)
● 肯定式：
主语 + had + been + done…
● 否定式：
主语 + hadn’t + been + done…
● 一般疑问式及回答：
-- Had +主语 + been done…
-- Yes, 主语 + had.
-- No, 主语 + hadn’t.
◆ 考点训练
1. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____ already
_____ to hospital.
A. has; been sent B. had; sent
C. has; sent D. had; been sent
2. Five English songs ________ by all of us by the end of last term.
A. had been learned B. learned
C. have learned D. will have learned
3. Han Mei told me the books ___lunch, so she was very disappointed.
A. has sold out B. hasn't sold out
C. have sold out D. hadn't been sold out
4. By the end of 1976, many buildings _____built in the city.
A. have been B. have C. had been D. will
D
A
D
C
5. Her keys ________ in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; comes B. had left; would come
C. had been left; came D. left; had come
6. He said that it _____when I asked him for the time of the meeting.
A. had been put off B. have been put off
C. has been put off D. is put off
7. The classroom __________ before the teacher came.
A. have been cleaned B. had cleaned
C. hadn't been cleaned D. has been cleaned
8. How many buildings __________ when the hurricane ended
A. have destroyed B. had destroyed
C. have been destroyed D. had been destroyed
C
A
C
D
9. _______ the new plan ______ before the meeting
A. Had… been discussed B. Has ….. been discussed
C. Had discussed D. Has ….. discussed
10. The said the production costs __________.
A. had reduced B. had been reduced
C. have reduced D. have been reduced
11. The boy was reminded that his homework _________ in.
A. had not been handed B. had not handed
C. has not handed D. has not been handed
12. The media reported more than 1,000 people __________ in the earthquake.
A. had killed B. have killed
C. have been killed D. had been killed
A
B
A
D
13. As the assignment ________, he went on to search the Internet.
A. had done B. has done
C. had been done D. has been done
14. He did what he _________ to
A. had been told B. has been told
C. had told D. has told
15. By the time he got to the school, the first period ______.
A. had finished B. has been finished
C. had been finished D. has finished
C
A
C
That’s all!
Thank you!

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