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【名师原创】：Unit4 易混易错点辨析
●supply; provide; offer
【教材原句】
It is an independent, non-profit organization whose mission is to provide medical care to those affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters or a lack of access to health care. (教材P38)
When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help. (教材P38)
【辨析】
三者都可表示 “供给、提供”，但用法表达有一定区别。
supply表示“供应；补充；弥补”，一般强调替换或补足所需之物以及弥补缺陷，满足要求，常用于supply sb. with sth.= supply sth. to sb.结构。还可作名词，意为“供给（量）；物资；存货”，常用复数形式。
provide表示“供给，提供，装备；准备”，常强调有预见，通过储存等方式为应对意外、紧急情况等做准备，以便需要时提供所需物品。常用于provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for/to sb.结构。有时supply 和 provide 可以互换。
offer 表示“提出，提供；呈现”，着重强调主动向别人提供物品、帮助和服务等。常用于offer to do sth..；offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to/for sb./sth. 句型。
【例句呈现】
Supplies of food are almost exhausted.
贮存的食物快吃完了。
We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials.
我们不能保证提供充足的原料。
A transport plane carrying food and medical supplies for refugees has arrived.
一架为难民运送食物和医疗用品的运输机已经到了。
Their aim was to block guerrilla supply lines.
他们的目的是封锁游击队的供给线。
They are at the end of their food supply.
他们的食物储备已消耗殆尽。
We are here to provide a service for the public.
我们来这里是为公众服务。
The company has won a contract to supply books and materials to schools.
这家公司得到了一份向学校供应图书资料的合同。
Water supplies to the house are at low pressure.
这房子的供水压很低。
The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care.
这家医院承诺要提供最好的医疗服务。
The network will provide computer services to your home.
这个网络将为家庭提供全方位的计算机服务。
A firewall provides an essential security blanket for your computer network.
防火墙为计算机网络提供了基本安全保障。
The school provided food for the students.
学校为学生提供伙食。
They provided us with all the books we need.
他们为我们提供所需要的所有书籍。
The bank provided/supplied him with a loan $100,000.
银行为他提供了10万美元的贷款。
She offered me a cup of tea.
她给我端了杯茶。
He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出代替我去。
Several people were passing but nobody offered to help.
有几个人擦肩而过，却没有人主动提出帮助。
She offered us five different kinds of cake.
她给我们提供了五种不同的蛋糕。
【考点过关】
根据supply, provide和offer的用法填空
1. Our _______ (supply) were running out.
2. Teachers provide a model ______ children to imitate.
3. The charity aims ________ (provide) assistance to people in need.
4. The cars will _______ (supply) to people all over the country.
5. Cows supply us _______ milk.
6. In Britain milk is supplied ______ each house in bottles.
7. We _______ (offer, provide) customers a free home delivery service.
8. The statistics offer further support _______ our theory.
9. We _______ (offer , supply, provide) a personal service to all our customers.
10. His company offers a flexible packaging service _______ the food industry.
【参考答案】
1. supplies; 2. for/to; 3. provide; 4. supplied; 5. with; 6. to; 7. offer; 8. to/for; 9. offer/supply/provide; 10. for/to
●except; except for; except that; apart from; besides; but
【教材原句】
I found that I was the only Chinese doctor among people of all ages, colors and beliefs, from every continent except Antarctica. (教材P39)
【辨析】
这六个词都有“除了….”的意思，它们的意思和用法既有交集又有区别。
except 表示“排除同类事物（将整体去除一部分）”，即排除在外。后接名词、介词短语或动词原形。
except for 常用于对整体进行肯定，对局部进行否定， 即先肯定，然后再指出个别不足之处。
except that 与except for意思相同，但后面必须接从句，有时可根据主句和从句的关系，使用wh-从句。
apart from 在肯定句中表示“整体中除了具有相同特点的人或物外，还有别的人或物”，即包括在内，相当于besides; 在否定句中，表示从整体中除去具有不同特点的人或物，即排除在外，此时相当于but的用法, 有时也可与except换用。apart from后面出现动词时，要用动名词。
but 与except意思相同，但but多与no, none, nothing, nobody, all, any, everyone, everything等不定代词连用。常出现在nothing but….; anything but…..; no….but…；all but….; 等否定结构中, 而且who but….也是常见结构。
besides 表示“除了…之外还….”，包括其后排除的事物；另外还可用作副词， 表示“而且”。
【例句呈现】
Quite apart from/besides all the work, he had financial problems.
除了那么多工作，他还有财务困难。
Apart from keeping a brief interlude of peace, the war lasted nine years.
除了一段短暂的和平，那场战争持续了九年。
What other sports do you like apart from/besides football
除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？
Nothing else matters to him apart from/but his job.
对他来说，除了工作以外，什么事都无关紧要。
I like all sports apart from/but football.
除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。
I've finished the crossword apart from/except 3 across and 10 down.
这份纵横字谜除横3竖10以外我都填完了。
Apart from/But my host, I didn’t know a single person there
除了主人外，那里的人我一个也不认识。
The room was empty apart from one man seated beside the fire
除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。
We don't do much in the evenings except watch television.
我们在晚上除了看电视不怎么干别的事。
We work every day except/but Sunday.
我们除星期天外每天都工作。
They live in a remote area, inaccessible except by car.
他们住在一处偏远地区，只能开车去
Prisoners were allowed no personal possessions except letters and photographs.
囚犯除信件和照片外不允许有任何私人物品。
They all came except/but Matt.
除马特外他们都来了。
Everyone seems busy except/but us
除了我们，大家好像都很忙碌。
I had no choice but to sign the contract.
我别无选择，只好签了合同。
We've had nothing but trouble with this car.
我们这辆车净出毛病。
The problem is anything but easy.
这个问题一点也不简单。
Except for her illnesses, she had had a particularly happy childhood
除了体弱多病外，她的童年特别幸福。
Except for a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours is well written.
除了几处语法错误之外，你这篇作文写得不错。
He's a good man, except for his short temper.
他是个好人，除了气粗些。
I know nothing about him except that he knocked about South Africa for a while.
我除了知道他在南非流浪过一段时间外对他一无所知。
I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the money.
我什么都没告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
These two pens are alike except that they're different colors.
这两支笔样儿差不多，色儿不一样。
The log cabin stayed empty, except when we came.
除非我们到来，要不然那间小木屋一直都是空的。
I received nothing except what was due to me.
除了我应得的东西，我并未接受任何东西。
I understand everything except why he stole the money.
我什么都明白，只是不理解他为什么要偷那笔钱。
The snow, except where it drifted, was only calf-deep.
除了吹得堆积起来的地方，雪只有小腿肚深。
There are other visitors besides me.
参观人除我之外，还有另外的人。
Besides this, they also faced many difficulties.
除此之外,他们还面临了许多困难。
Besides all this, he had a number of little visits to pay, in the course of the day;
除此之外，在白天当中，他还需要去看望好些地方。
【考点过关】
用apart from, but, besides, except, except for, except that和besides填空
1. Many of the bodies were unidentifiable _______ by dental records.
2. They didn't have to do anything _______ sit back and enjoy life
3. Arrange all the vegetables ______ the potatoes in layers.
4. Who ______ Rosa could think of something like that
5. Europe will be represented in all _______ two of the seven races.
6. Your composition is good ______ some spelling mistakes.
7. The quality of this cloth is fine, ______ the color is not quite right.
8. This is a good novel, _______ the long and tedious ending.
9. Mr. Smith usually goes to work by bus _______ it rains.
10. I know nothing about the accident ______ I have read in the newspaper.
11. He told his parents everything _______ he needed so much money.
12. The old lady never spoke to anyone ______ someone came to visit her.
13. ______ chocolate and fruit juice, we also need bread and eggs.
14. Who ______ George would do such a thing
15. You can get the book anywhere ______ here.
16. ______ this dress, I also bought a hat and a pair of shoes。
17. ______ London, I’ve been to Manchester, Newcastle and Glasgow, too.
18. There is no one ______ me.
【参考答案】
1. except; 2. except; 3. except/but; 4. but; 5. except/but; 6. except for; 7. except that; 8. except for; 9. except when; 10. except what; 11. except why; 12. except when; 13. Besides; 14. but; 15. but; 16. Besides; 17. Besides; 18. but
●as if (=as though) ; even though (= even if)
【教材原句】
Nowadays, people all over the world are becoming more and more connected, as if the world were getting smaller—as if we were living in a “global village”. (教材P42)
【辨析】
两者都可以引导状语从句，但意思完全不同。
as if (= as though) 意思是“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句；在look, seem, feel, sound等系动词后引导表语从句。
温馨提示：as if/though引导的从句有时用虚拟语气
①如果句子所述内容是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时, as if/though从句谓语动词用陈述语气。
②如果从句所述内容是不真实的或不可能发生或存在的情况时,as if/though从句谓语动词用虚拟语气, 即根据不同情况谓语动词用一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）、过去完成时（与过去事实相反）和would/could/might + 动词原形（与将来事实相反）。
even though (= even if) 意思是“即使，尽管，纵然”，引导让步状语从句。
【例句呈现】
Children universally prefer to live in peace and security, even if/though that means living with only one parent
孩子们普遍愿意过平静安宁的生活，即便这意味着只能与单亲生活在一起。
Even if/though you are on a fairly strict diet you can still go out for a good meal.
即使是在严格地节食，也可以出去吃顿好的。
Even if/though you have had a regular physical check-up recently, you should still seek a medical opinion.
即使近期做过一次常规体检，也应当征求医生的意见。
Nevertheless, it's good to know you've had good notices, even if/though you don't read them.
不过，即便你不看，知道有一些对你的好评也挺好。
Even if/Though I'm overstating the case for nutrition, at least it will result in the woman being in charge of her own symptoms
即便我夸大了营养的重要性，但至少它会让这个女人知道关注自己的症状。
Actually, there's no guarantee of success even if/though you can get the money.
实际上，即使你能得到那笔资金，也不一定会成功。
It felt as if/though we had reversed our roles of parent and child.
感觉就像我们父母和孩子交换了角色。
He looked as if/though nothing could faze him.
他显得镇静自若，遇事不惊。
It was uncanny really, almost as if/though she knew what I was thinking.
真是不可思议，她好像知道我在想什么似的。
He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
There was a huge bang as if/though someone had exploded a rocket outside.
突然一声巨响，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。
Why must you do everything as if/though you have to win
你为什么做每件事情都跟你非要赢似的？
It sounds as if/though it is raining.
听起来像在下雨。
He talks as if/though he is drunk.
从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。
You look as if/though you didn’t care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talked as if/though he knew what had happened.
他说话的样子,好像他知道发生了什么事情。
He opened his mouth as if/though he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if/though it might snow.
看来好像要下雪了。
【考点过关】
用even though/if, as though/if填空
1. Old enemies can become new friends ______ all their national interests are not in complete accord.
2. The child talked to us ______ he were a grown-up.
3. I only take on work that excites me, ______ it means turning down lots of money
4. He talked about the Great Wall ______ he had been there before.
5. ______ you have dark skin, you still need protection from the sun.
6. The girl listened _______ she had been turned to stone.
7. _______ you did see someone, you can't be sure it was him.
8. He looked ______ he was ill.
9. _______ the weather's awful there's lots to do.
10. It seems ______ it is going to rain.
11. ______ I had the talent to play tennis I couldn't stand the pressure
12. The house looked ______ it was about to fall down.
13. She travels around the world ______ money is no object.
【参考答案】
1. even if/though; 2. as if/though; 3. even if/though; 4. as if/though; 5. Even if/Though; 6. as if/though; 7. Even if/Though; 8. as if/though; 9. Even if/Though; 10. as if/though; 11. Even if/Though; 12. as if/though; 13. as if/though
●exchange; swap
【教材原句】
Cultural exchange helps us to be more inclusive and to overcome culture shock. (教材P42)
【辨析】
两者都有交换的意思，都可以作名词和动词，作“交换”时，偶尔可以互换。
exchange n. 交换、兑换、交易所、交流；vt. 交换、交易、兑换；vi. 交换、交易、兑换。较为正式，常见于书面语中。可指相似人或物交换；一种东西换另一种东西或者一种东西换多种东西。
swap n. 交换、交换之物；vt. 以...作交换、与...交换；vi. 交易、交换。非正式用语，常用于口语中，通常只指同类事物的交换。 比如交换玩具 toy swap 等。
温馨提示：
①在指语言和观点上的交流、争论、战争、商业场合的交换和退换商品（如：交换合约：the exchange of contracts；兑换外汇： currency exchange；交流眼神 exchange glances）时，一般不用 swap
②下列短语中不能用swap
in exchange for….作为...的交换。
exchange greetings 相互打招呼；互致问候
【例句呈现】
I’d like to exchange the dress for a smaller one.
我想换一件小号的裙子。
I exchanged 200 dollars for 150 euro.
我把 200 美金换成150 欧元了。
There was a brief exchange between the two countries’ leaders.
两位国家领导人进行了短暂的交流。
There was an angry exchange of words between people at the meeting.
人们在会议上发生了短暂的争执。
We were offered food and shelter in exchange for helping out on the farm.
我们以为农场提供劳力来换取食物和住宿。
The exchange of contracts is due to take place this afternoon at 2 p.m.
交换合约的时间订在今天下午两点。
It’s a good idea to exchange greetings before the meeting.
在开会前，相互打个招呼会比较好。
I thought Julie’s necklace looked much prettier than mine, so we did a swap.
我觉得Julie 的项链比我的要好看，所以我们就交换了。
He got a job at the bank, so had to swap jeans and t-shirts for a suit.
他在银行找到一份工作， 所以必须放弃T恤牛仔裤，换上西装了。
I swapped/exchanged seats/places with my boyfriend, so I could see the whole stage.
我和男友换了座位，这样我就能看到整个舞台。
We exchanged/swapped our email addresses and promised that we’d stay in touch.
我们交换了电子邮箱并相互承诺会保持联系。
They all sat together at table, laughing and swapping/exchanging stories.
他们都坐在桌子旁，有说有笑地讲述各自的故事。
【考点过关】
用exchange 或swap 填空
1. The two sides _________ (exchange, swap) their opinions.
2. He gave me an apple in ________ (exchange, swap) for a cake.
3. I’d like to _________ (exchange, swap) some dollars for pounds.
4. If she ever fancies a job ________ (exchange, swap), I could be interested.
5. Next week they will _________ (exchange, swap) places and will repeat the switch weekly.
6. They will _______ (exchange, swap) posts in a year’s time, according to new party rules which rotate the leadership.
【参考答案】
1. exchange; 2. exchange; 3. exchange; 4. Exchange/swap; 5. Exchange/swap; 6. exchange/swap
●overcome；conquer
【教材原句】
Cultural exchange helps us to be more inclusive and to overcome culture shock. (教材P42)
【辨析】
两者都有“战胜”的意思，但其含义有一定区别。
overcome 意思是“克服，解决，战胜”，宾语常常是困难、问题、障碍等。
conquer 意思是“征服，占领，攻占，克服”，宾语常常是国家、民族，自然界的客观事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。
温馨提示：两者都可指战胜对手，消除或克服差异，克服或战胜心理方面的问题，如，恐惧，悲伤，焦虑等，这时两者可换用。
【例句呈现】
She overcame/conquered her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness.
她克服了胆怯的毛病，非常坦率地说出了自己的想法。
The two parties managed to overcome/conquer their differences on the issue.
两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
She overcame/conquered injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
She was trying to overcome/conquer her physical repugnance for him.
她努力克制对他非常强烈的反感。
In the final game Sweden easily overcame/conquered France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
So far, we have managed to overcome all the obstacles that have been placed in our path.
至此，我们已设法排除了设置在道路上的一切障碍。
Find a way to overcome your difficulties.
找出办法战胜困难。
I then realized how possible it was to overcome/conquer your limitations.
那时我才意识到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。
Western officials say the problem is minor, and should be quickly overcome.
西方官员称这个问题并不严重，应该很快就会解决。
I would overcome/conquered any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
The Normans conquered England in 1066.
诺尔曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
Mont Blanc was conquered in 1786.
勃朗峰于1786年被征服。
【考点过关】
根据overcome和conquer用法，用其适当形式填空。
1. The world champion ______ yet another challenger last night.
2. The night before the test I _______ by fear and despair
3. I ________ my moral scruples at last.
4. They had to _______ formidable obstacles.
5. During 1936, Mussolini _______ Abyssinia
6. Human beings are learning to ______ all kinds of natural disasters.
7. The Spanish _______ the New World in the sixteenth century.
8. So far, we ________ the enemy.
9. When will scientists ________ the stars
10. The long-cherished dream of _________ the Huanghe River will become a reality.
11. Man will ________ nature.
12. Something gave me the strength __________ the difficulty
13. To succeed, you must learn ________ obstacles.
14. Early in the eleventh century the whole of England _______ again by the Vikings.
15. In the wake of developments in science and technology, man has become more capable of _______ nature.
16. There is always one thing ________ another.
【参考答案】
1. conquered/overcame; 2. was overcome/conquered; 3. overcame/conquered; 4. overcome; 5. conquered; 6. conquer; 7. conquered; 8. have conquered; 9. conquer; 10. conquering; 11. conquer; 12. to overcome; 13. to overcome; 14. was conquered; 15. conquering; 16. to conquer/overcome
●wound; injure; hurt
【教材原句】
Over 50,000 soldiers were killed or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose. (教材P44)
【辨析】
wound常指在战场上受到的枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，往往是出血的，严重的伤。the wounded 表示“伤口，伤者，受伤的人们”或“受伤的…..”
injure 常指意外伤害，尤其是事故中受到的伤害。包括容貌、生理、身体等，有时也指声誉受损。在句子中常以被动形式出现；the injured 表示“伤者，受伤的人们”或“受伤的…..”
hurt做及物动词时既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害。作不及物动词时，表示“疼痛”。常用主动语态。伤情相对injure 稍轻。
温馨提示：指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly，slightly，seriously等连用；但如果指精神上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
【例句呈现】
Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.
撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。
He was injured early on and didn't last the match.
他开赛后不久就受了伤，没法坚持到底。
Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
This could seriously injure the company's reputation.
这会严重损害公司的声誉。
It was a hurt that would take a long time to heal.
那是需要很长时间才能愈合的创伤。
It hurt me to think that he would lie to me.
一想到他竟然对我说谎，我就很伤心。
My back is really hurting me today.
我今天背疼得厉害。
It tears me apart to think I might have hurt her feelings.
一想到我可能伤害了她的感情，我就感到痛心。
50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.
这次袭击中有50人受重伤。
She died of a single stab wound to the heart.
她因心脏被刺中一刀而身亡。
Two passengers were injured when their taxi was rammed from behind by a bus.
公共汽车从后面撞来，出租车上的两位乘客受了伤。
I didn’t want to hurt his feelings.
我并没有想伤害他的感情。
【考点过关】
用injure, hurt 和wound的适当形式填空
1. The team has made some positional changes because two players are unexpectedly ________.
2. Three people _________ in the crash last month.
3. 300 people ________ in the explosion yesterday.
4. The ________ were rushed to hospital in an ambulance.
5. The _________ horse had to be destroyed.
6. I didn’t mean to _______ your feelings.
7. She would never intentionally ______ anyone.
8. Martha's _______ pride showed in her eyes.
9. She tried to stop the flow of blood from the ________.
10. The soldier ________ by a bullet during the war eight years ago.
【参考答案】
1. injured; 2. were injured; 3. were injured; 4. injured/wounded; 5. injured/wounded; 6. hurt; 7. hurt; 8. hurt; 9. wound; 10. was wounded
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