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专攻解题方法与技巧
完型填空常见失分点
解答完形填空，通读语篇、填后复验是不可或缺的关键一环。因为在逐个“完空”的解题过程中，常会因片段式的阅读，造成“只见树木，不见森林”断章取义的错误。只有通过通读复验，才能发现一些细节性、惯性思维式错误，才能确保完形完美收官。复验时，应防范以下细节意外失分。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.“熟词生义”想不到
高考对“熟词生义”的考查主要放在考生十分熟悉的课标内词汇上。考生可能对某些词汇的常见的词义较为熟悉，而想不到这些词汇不常用的词义即生义。命题人有时会对这些词义进行考查。“熟词生义”的意外失分屡见不鲜。
[典例1]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
So 45.(instead_of) tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It __46__ — he didn't end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
46．A.worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
解题思路：根据第46题所在句的信息“he didn't end up in the creek (他没有掉进小溪里)”可知，作者的做法“起作用”了。选项work一词常用的词义多是“工作；运转”。此处考查的是work的生义“起作用，奏效”。
[典例2]　(2022·全国甲卷)
The next week we __47__ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.(breath),_Steve got down on one knee.
47．A.tied B．walked
C．bathed D．fed
解题思路：根据第47题所在句的下文信息“we paused to catch our 48.(breath) (我们停下来休息)”可知，作者和爱狗男士“去遛狗”了。选项walk一词常用的词义多是“散步，走路”。此处考查的是walk的生义“带……一起散步，遛”。
[典例3]　(2021·全国乙卷)
And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different __42__ of gratitude (感谢)．
42．A.grades B．meanings
C．needs D．expectations
解题思路：根据第42题所在句中的信息“if we had a range of words(如果我们有各种各样的词)”可知，作者是想表示“用各种不同的词表达不同程度的感谢”。选项grade的熟义是“分数；年级”。此处考查的是grade的生义“程度，等级”。
2.“一词多义”有混淆
高考对“一词多义”的考查主要侧重于具有三个或三个以上词义的词汇。考生可能熟悉这些词的多个词义，但在语篇的具体语境中常常混淆这些词义。所以，要确定该词的确切词义，就必须具体分析语境，弄清楚该词在语境中的意义。
[典例]　(2022·浙江1月高考)
“I'm trying to get more and more people to 49.(understand) that there are solutions (解决办法)，” said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after 50.(retirement). “I say there is no old 51.(age),_there's only neglect (忽视). Don't stand 52.(still);_do something about it.”
Ms. Burdeyney __53__ that she is hoping to do more for the research project. “I just want to bring 54.(light) into people's eyes and this is just the 55.(beginning). There is still a long way to go.”
53．A.commented B．learned
C．reminded D．added
解题思路：根据第53题所在句的上文“said Ms. Burdeyney”和下文“I just want to bring 54.(light) into people's eyes ... to go.”可知，该题的上下文都是Ms. Burdeyney说的话。故可判断出第53空意为“补充说，继续说”。而选项中的add一词具有“加；添加；增添；补充说，继续说”等词义，属于“一词多义”。
3.“难词僻义”常忘却
高考中的“难词僻义”多见于动词、名词、形容词或副词。这些较难词汇大都是课标内的易被忽视的单词。它们的拼写和词义较为复杂难记，在语篇中的考查数量相对较少。一旦涉及，考生往往见难生畏、望而却步。
[典例1]　(2022·全国乙卷)
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44.(interpreted) as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45.(surprising) research results in child developmental psychology __46__ that idea.
46．A.explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
解题思路：根据第46题所在句的上文信息“长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是一种完全的‘自我中心的’生物的证据。”和本句中的But一词可知，本句意为“我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾”。再结合选项可判断出C项contradicted“与……矛盾”正确。此处考查的是“contradict(与……矛盾)”这一“难词僻义”。
[典例2]　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for __43__ help during our spring break, for which I had no 44.(plans) beyond listening to my favorite records.
43．A.generous B．financial
C．technical D．temporary
解题思路：根据第43题所在句的信息“during our spring break”可知，作者是在假期做这份工作的，故可判断出帮忙是“临时的”。此处考查的是“temporary(临时的)”这一“难词僻义”。
4.“构词知识”没记牢
高考对构词知识的考查主要是一些常见词缀(un-， in-， im-， dis-， re-， -ly，-less, -ness, -ful等)的意义、词类转化(动词用作名词，名词用作动词或形容词)和合成词等构词法知识。考生可利用构词法知识在语篇中猜测出这些词的词义。
[典例1]　(2022·浙江1月高考)
The research team 44.(included) Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done __45__ work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising 46.(money) for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman.
45．A.part-time B．controversial
C．voluntary D．ground-breaking
解题思路：根据第45题所在句的下文信息“Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising 46.(money) for the project”可知，这个研究团队利用干细胞开展的眼部保健工作取得了很好的成效。再结合选项，利用构词法知识可猜测出合成词“ground-breaking”的意思是“开创性的”，即ground(土地)＋breaking(打破)＝开创性的。
[典例2]　(2021·全国甲卷)
It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
...
... “I come to you, 57.(hat_in_hand),_to apologize for the damage I had __58__ caused and to ask you to __59__ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
58．A.indirectly B．deliberately
C．cautiously D．secretly
59．A.replace B．remember
C．reconsider D．renew
解题思路：根据首段再结合文章内容可知，酒店的损失是由海鸥直接造成的，所以Nick间接造成了酒店的损失，故第58题选A，in- (不)＋direct(直接的)＋-ly(副词后缀)＝indirectly(间接地)。作者道歉，希望酒店重新考虑对他的禁令，故第59 题选C，re(再次)＋consider(考虑)＝reconsider(重新考虑)。
5.“语篇意识”未思考
一些考生在解答完形填空题时，只顾匆忙选词，很少甚至不去从整体上思考文章的故事发展线索、相关话题的词汇、故事的小语义场和故事所反映的价值观等。这样容易导致在考查语篇意识的题目上失分。
[典例]　(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
... There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45.(nice) above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46.(battled) until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
...
“That's the garden in our picture，” Nicolo's son told his father. They 55.(eventually) learned that the painting they __56__ was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57.(studied) the other painting and learned that it was 58.(actually) Paul Gauguin's “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” ...
56．A.owned B．borrowed
C．sold D．stole
解题思路：根据文章的故事发展线索：Nicolo在一次拍卖会上竞拍到两幅画→Nicolo的儿子上艺术鉴赏课时发现书中名家的一部分画与父亲多年前买的画一样→他们研究了其他的画并证实了画的名字→向意大利文化部求证后，证实这两幅画是名家真迹。根据这一故事线索可知，这两幅画是Nicolo买的，所以他拥有(owned)这两幅画。

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