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2023年高中英语语法：强调句用法解析与考点分析
英语强调句学习要领 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )
1. 强调句的基本结构 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )
It+be+被强调成分+that (who)…
He bought the book in this shop yesterday.
→It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语he)
→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语the book)
→It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (强调地点状语in this shop)
【注】在该强调结构中，it is (was)…that (who)…为结构词，它通常可以省略，而不影响句子的意思。
2. 强调句用that还是who ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )
当被强调部分指人时，可以用who代that；当被强调部分指物时通常用that。注意：强调事物时，通常不宜用which来代that，另外当强调时间或地点状语时，通常也不能用when / where代that(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时)。
3. 关于被强调成分 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )
该强调句型中，被强调的成分除了是名词、代词、介词短语等之外, 也可以是从句：
It is when he got back that he knew what had happened. 他回来后才知道所发生的情况。
It was because he loved my money that he married me. 他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。
【注意】
(1) 该句型可强调because引导原因状语从句，但通常不能强调由 since, as引导的原因状语从句，另外也不强调由although引导的让步状语从句。
(2) 该句型可以强调主语，但不强调表语。
4. 强调句的特殊疑问句形式 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )
强调句型的陈述句形式和一般疑问句形式一般还好理解，但若以特殊疑问句形式出现，则很容易误解。比较：
Jim told us the news.(非强调句)
It was Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的陈述句形式)
Was it Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的一般疑问句形式)
Who was it that ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html ) told us the news.(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)
特殊疑问句形式的强调句可视为对陈述句强调中的被强调成分提问得来，如对It was yesterday that he arrived. 这一句中的yesterday提问，即得到When was it that he arrived

5. not...until用于强调句 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )
其基本形式为It is (was) not until…that…。比较：
He didn’t come until his wife left. 他妻子走了之后他才来。
It was not until ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html ) his wife left that he came. 他妻子走了之后他才来。
They didn’t start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停他们才出发。
It was not until ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html ) the rain stopped that they started. 直到雨停他们才出发。
强调句与从句的比较
1. 强调句与主语从句的比较
强调句将句子中的it is / was …that同时省去，句子仍然成立；而主语从句将that与后面部分代替it，成立。如：
(1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所见到的就是李蕾的兄弟。
本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为：You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同样成立，因此前面的句子是强调句型。
(2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我们成功地发射了神舟五号这件事情真令人兴奋。
本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 显然句子错误，因此，前面句子不是强调句型，而是主语从句。
2. 强调句与定语从句的比较
强调句中的It没有实际意义，It be与that可同时被省略；而定语从句中的It是主语，It be与that不可同时省略；
强调句型中be的时态须跟后面句子的时态相一致；而定语从句中主句谓语动词be的时态须由主句的时间确定；
强调句将句子中的that不能省略，并且即使前面的名词是事物时，也不能将that换成which；而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略，并且当先行词是事物时可用which代替。
当it be后面的时间、地点名词作主语、宾语或表语时，引导词可用that / which；而作其他成分时，引导词须用when / which。如：
(1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天买的书。(本句是对What is that 问句的回答，that所引导的是定语从句，that可被省略)
It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所卖的就是这本书。(本句相当于对I bought the English book yesterday中an English book进行强调)
(2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我们过去常在开会的房子。(where 所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明，它是定语从句)
It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 过去我们开会就在这间房子里。(in the room是被强调的部分，本句是强调句型)
(3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日子。 (when所引导的从句对a day进行说明，是定语从句)
It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天，人们庆祝了他们的胜利。(强调on October 1, 1949)
3．强调句与状语从句的比较
状语从句句首的It本身就是句子的主语；而强调句首的It不作任何成分也没有实际意义。
状语从句的连接副词that及句子前面的It be不能去掉。
状语从句的引导词可以是when / where，而强调句型中的that不能用其他词代替。如：
(1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都非常喜欢。(结果状语主从复合句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我们大家都非常喜欢的就是一本如此有趣的书。(强调such an interesting book)
(比较：It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的如此有趣的书。定语从句)
(2) It was already morning when he woke up. 当他醒来时，已经是早晨了。(时间主从复合句)
It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒来了。(强调the next morning)
错误判断强调句的两种情况 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )
1. 将非强调句判为强调句
前面讲到强调时间状语时，通常要用it is…that…，而不用it is … when…，所以有的同学对于下题选择了A：
It was ten o’clock ______ he came back.
A. that B. when
C. so D. which
其实此题最佳答案为B，这不是一个强调句型。When引导的是一个时间状语从句，全句意为“当他回来时，时间是10点钟”。比较以下强调句型：
It was at ten o’clock that he came back. 他是10点钟回来的。
It was after ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10点过后回来的。
It was before ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10点前回来的。
再比较：
It is autumn when leaves fall. 当树叶落的时候就是秋天了。
It is in autumn that leaves fall. 树在秋天落叶。
另外，下面的句子也不是强调句型 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )：
(1) It’s a long time ______ I met you last.
A. that B. since
C. when D. which
(2) It was more than a year now _____ he had seen her.
A. that B. since
C. when D. which
(3) "Was it here _____ you were away talking to a friend " "Sure. But when I got back there, it was gone."
A. that B. while
C. which D. where
以上三题均选B，即前面两句填since，其意为“自从”；第(3)填while，其意为“在…期间”。
2. 将强调句判为非强调句
有些强调句型由于句子本身有一定的特殊性，比如是强调句的特殊疑问句形式，强调句型情态动词或复杂时态等，强调句中的被强调成分过于复杂，强调句与其他从句混杂在一起，等等，这都可能掩盖强调句型的本来面目，从而导致误判：
(1) When was _____ that the general manager left for Japan
A. he B. it
C. that D. since
答案选B，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式。
(2) It might have been John _____ bought a present for Mary yesterday.
A. that B. when
C. what D. which
答案选A，为强调句型，只是其中的动词be采用了might have been这一复杂结构。
(3) It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
答案选D，为强调句型 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )，被强调部分为 what he meant rather than what he said，句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。
(4) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.
A. where, which B. that, that
C. where, that D. which, that
答案选C，为强调句型 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。
(5) It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as
C. that D. what
答案选C，为强调句型 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。
强调句型考点简介 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )
强调句型 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )是英语语法考试经常涉及的一个考点，这类考题主要涉及以下几个方面：
一是考查强调句型的基本结构，即“It is + 被强调成分 + that / who +其他部分”；
二是考查强调句 ( http: / / www. / Article / empha / Index.html )的疑问句形式，如强调句的一般疑问句形式“Is it + 被强调成分 + that / who +其他部分”以及特殊疑问句形式“疑问词+is it that+其他部分”；
三是考查not…until…的强调形式“It was not until….that….”。如：
It was from Betty that he first heard the news. 这消息他最早是从贝蒂那里听到的。
Was it you who broke the window 窗子是你打破的吗
It was not until the rain stopped that they started. 直到雨停他们才出发。
How long ago is it that you last saw her 你上次看见她是多久以前的事
请看有关几道考题(答案DACCBCB)：
1. It wasn’t until nearly a month later _________ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
2. It is what you do rather than what you say _________matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
3.— _________ that he manage to get the information.
—Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
4. It was _________back home after the experiments.
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go
5. It is these poisonous products _________ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
6. It was for this reason _________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
7. It is the ability to do the work _________ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it

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