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(共25张PPT)
【版本：人教　册别：选必二】
Discovering useful structures
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
contents
The Structure of the Past Perfect Tense
Ⅰ
The Comparison between the Past Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Tense
Five Usages of the Past Perfect Tense
Ⅱ
Homework
III
Ⅳ
Ⅰ
The Structure of the Past Perfect Tense
Observe and Discover
1. The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.
2. They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.
3. Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
4. Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.
The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时
第4句有什么特别之处呢？
被动语态
基本结构：“had + 过去分词”
被动语态：“had been + 过去分词”
基本含义：过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻已经完
成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
Past
Future
had done
Present
“过去的过去”
The Past Perfect Tense
Five Usages of the
Past Perfect Tense
Ⅱ
1. When the police arrived, the thief had run away.
2. Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Tom had lost lots of jobs.
3. He hadn’t finished it by yesterday evening.
4. By the end of June, they __________ (treat) over 800 patients.
The Usage of the Tense (1)
（1）表示过去某时或某动作之前就已经完成或结束的动作。
had treated
1. Kevin had been a newspaper reporter for two years before he became a businessman.
2. He said he ____________ (work) in that factory since 1949.
3. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally _______ (come).
came
（2）过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，有时可能继续下去，常与for，since等引导的时间状语连用。
had worked
The Usage of the Tense (2)
1. Scarcely had the votes been counted, when the telephone rang.
2. No sooner had I walked out than I remembered that I forgot my homework.
3. Hardly had we sat down to supper when the phone rang.
The Usage of the Tense (3)
What are the meanings and features of the following sentences
（3）常用固定句型：（刚……就……）
Hardly / Scarcely ... when ；No sooner ... than否定词置于句首，需要部分倒装。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
1. 我刚到车站，火车就开了。(scarcely ... when ...)
The Usage of the Tense (3)
即学即练
Hardly had the result been announced when the crowd applauded.
The result had hardly been announced when the crowd applauded.
I had scarcely reached the station when the train started.
2. 结果刚一宣布，人们就欢呼起来。(hardly ... when ...)
/Scarcely had I reached the station when the train started.
1. We had intended to have a barbecue in the open air, but the weather was bad.
2. I had wished __________ (become) a doctor, but I studied law at college.
3. They ____________ (plan) to see us off at the airport.
The Usage of the Tense (4)
（4）常用hope, expect, suppose, think, want, wish等动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望、计划或者打算。
had planned
to become
The Usage of the Tense (5)
1. It was the first time she _________ (leave) her motherland.
2. It is the first time (that) I _____________ (speak) in public.
3. This _____ (be) the first time I had seen Dad so furious (狂怒的).
4. It is time for us ________ (pack) up and leave.
had left
have spoken
was
（5）It / This / That was the first / second ... time (+ that) …
这是 / 那是某人第一 / 第二次 / 第……次做……
此句型中，若主语中的be动词为was, 从句中的谓语则用过去完成时；若主句中的be动词为is, 从句中的谓语则用现在完成时。
to pack
It is high / about time that we ______________ (do) something to stop pollution.
did / should do
It is high / about time that sb did / should do sth
是该做……的时候了 (should 不可省略)
The Usage of the Tense (5)
The Comparison between the Past Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Tense
Ⅲ
1. Tom has eaten his supper.
2. Tom had eaten his supper in the canteen before he went
back home.
1. The family have not finished breakfast.
2. The family were still at table, but they had finished
breakfast.
现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响；
过去完成时强调动作或状态开始于过去，也结束于过去。
Try to compare the following two sets of sentences.
1. I ___________ (eat) lots of cakes so far.
2. I _________ (eat) lots of cakes till then.
3. Tom ____________ (finish) writing his novel by the end of last year.
4. Tom ____________ (finish) writing his novel.
5. Tom ________________ (finish) writing his novel by the end of next year.
6. Tom _________ (finish) writing his novel last year.
have eaten
had eaten
had finished
has finished
will have finished
finished
即学即练
Practice
1. Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I _________ (keep) telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. (2020 全国Ⅰ卷)
2. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, ___________ (arrive) before other activists with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!” (2020 全国Ⅲ卷改)
have kept
had arrived
即学即练
Practice
3. Arriving at the party hurriedly, we ______ (be) disappointed to find that the band ___________ (stop) playing.
4. Hardly ______ he left the room when the traveler entered.
5. Ehlers called the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them that their dog ________________ (find). (2019 全国Ⅱ卷改)
6. Last winter, when I _______ (go) there again, they _______ (have) a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens. (2018 全国Ⅰ卷)
had stopped
were
had
had been found
went
had
即学即练
Practice
7. Ben __________ (move) to England with his mum when he was three and it _________ (be) 13 years since I had last seen him. (2018 全国Ⅱ卷)
8. This is the first time he ______________ (confront) an armed robber.
9. Millions of years ago, dinosaurs roamed (漫步) the earth, but they ____________ (become) extinct by the time humankind first appeared.
has confronted
had moved
had been
had become
即学即练
Practice
10. Mary, when questioned why she ___________ (cheat) in the exam, just lowered her head and ______ (keep) silent.
11. Since then, Ricky ____________ (decide) to become a “Maximum Efficiency Boy”, and ____ (put) real care into how he treated his things.
12. Hardly had I _____ (come) out of the railway station when my parents _____ (run) to me and _______ (help) me carry my luggage.
had cheated
come
kept
has decided
helped
put
ran
即学即练
Practice
Last year, my brother and I _____ (go) to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who _________ (be) there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we ____________ (plan) for months. When the day came, we were ready.
had been
had planned
went
语篇填空
After our plane _______ (land), we went to the hotel. We __________ (make) our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there _________ (be) a mistake. We _________ (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card _______________ (charge) for the reservation.
landed
had made
had been
were told
had been charged
Practice
What’s worse, the hotel _________________ (book) fully. When we ______________ (wonder) what to do, the manager came out. She was surprisingly helpful. She apologized for the mistake and ______ (give) us a spare VIP room on the top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we _______________ (charge) extra.
were wondering
gave
weren’t charged
had been booked
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we ________ (watch) some people play volleyball. We got a little sunburnt, but the day __________ (be) so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
watched
was
Practice
Ⅳ
Homework
1. Finish Workbook P76 Exercise 1&2.
2. Draw a mindmap of the Past Perfect Tense.
THANKS

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