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人教版八年级下册英语第8单元课本知识重点和语法聚焦重点
语法焦点
现在完成时（一）
现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始延续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。
由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：
①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，
如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，already，before，so far, by now等连用。
②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since + 时间点/从句，for two months, so far等。
句型：基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
常与时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before, several times.
already“已经”; yet“仍然, 还”, 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。
如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Mother hasn’t come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。
现在完成时一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示的是与现在有关联的过去事件；而一般过去时则与现在毫无关系，只是单纯的过去的情况。比较：
I have lost my pen, so I have to buy one. 我丢了钢笔，所以得去买一枝。 I lost my pen, but found it later. 我丢了钢笔，但后来找到了。
当句子中有表示明确过去的状语时，只能用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。
如：他一周以前动身去了纽约。误：He has left for New York a week ago. 正：He left for New York a week ago.
当句首为疑问词when时，其后可用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。
如：你什么时候和他首次见面的 误：When have you first met him 正：When did you first meet him
对划线部分提问：
1) I have been there for two days. _____ _______ ______ you _____ ________
2) My father has lived here since 2000. ____ ____ ____ your father _____ __________
3) He left here yesterday. ______ _____ he _________ __________
4) They bought a book two hours ago. ________ they ________ a book
用适当的时态填空：
1. She’s _____ (live) here ever since she was ten. 2. Both of them ___________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.
3. Both of them ________ (come) to Hong Kong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour _____________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________ (lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there
翻译：1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了
2. 我三年前就认识李老师了
1.I hope to see him sing live one day!
1）see someone do something是一个常见的结构，表示“看见某人做某事”。
英语中有一些表示感知的动词，如see(看）、watch(观看)、feel(感觉)、hear(听到）、 listen to(听）、smell(嗅）等用于主动语态时，后接名词（或代词）+不带to的不定式(或-ing形式）。
如：I watched them get on the bus one by one, and then we waved goodbye to each other.
2）live可用作动词、形容词或副词，且用作不同词性时发音有所不同。
作动词时，live读作/lIv/，表示“居住；生存；过…生活”等含义。作形容词和副词时，live读作 /laIv/为副词，“现场直播；在现场表演”。
如：Lang Lang is playing live in our city tonight.朗朗今晚在我们城市举办现场演奏。
2.One of them died but the other ran towards my house.他们当中一个死了，但是另一个跑向我的房子。
One...,the other... 意为“（两者中的）一个……，另一个……”。如：
3.I have two brothers.One is a doctor, the other is a teacher. 我有两个哥哥。一个是医生，另一个是教师。
4.Signs left behind by someone or something 某人或某物留下的记号
leave behind 为固定短语，意为“留下”。如：What left behind after the noisy party She still felt so lonely.
拓展：leave sb. behind 意为“把某人甩在后面；超越某人”。如：In a few minute, he left us far behind.
leave sth. behind 意为“留下/落下某物”。如: The girl left her bag behind when she got off the bus.
5.Every time she is in the library ,Sally looks at the many books she hasn't read yet and she can't wait to read them!
（1）every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每次...”。如：Every time I read the book , I am very happy.每次读这本书，我都很开心。
（2）can't wait to do sth. 意为“迫不及待地做某事”。 如：Bill couldn't wait to open his present.
6. The book report is due in two weeks. Amy: Yes, I know...
due为adj，“预定；预期；预计”，后边引出预期的时间、地点等.还常常构成短语 be due (to do something)或be due (for something)。
随堂练
1.I ________heard of that story before. A. don’t have B. not have C. have not D. not to have
2.She’ s never been to that factory,_______ A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she
3.Have you made dumplings_______ No, I haven’t. A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. before
4.Tom________ ill since last night. A. was B. is C. has been D. be
5.How long have you_________ Nanjing A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to
6.You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, ______ A. haven’t you B. have you C. do you D. don’t you
7.—I have watched the game.—When ____ you ____ it A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch
8. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
9. His grandma ______ for two years. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead
10. –Where is Han Mei now －She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone
11.－____ you ____to Xi’an －No, never,but I went to Ankang a few years ago A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go
12.You haven’t changed your mind,_______ A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you
13.How long have you ___ the football team of the school A. played B. been at C. joined D been on
14.—Where have you _____ these days —I have _____ to Kunming with my friends.
A.been , gone B.been , been C.gone , been D.gone, gone
15. How long have you ____ this book A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent
16. —Excuse me, ___ you seen the film yet —Yes, I ____ it last night. A. have, see B. have, have seen C. have, seen D. have, saw
17. He has never ridden a horse before,_____ A. is he B. isn’t he C. hasn’t he D. has he
18.I will come to see you again _______ five days. A. after B. later C. behind D. in
19.Have they finished their homework _____ A. too. B. yet .C. already D. either.
20.--I___ an English –Chinese dictionary. ---When___ you ___it --Yesterday afternoon.
A.have bought; did; buy B .buy; do; buy C. have bought; will; buy D. buy; have; buy
二：用括号内所给单词适当形式填空
1.This record _____ (belong) to my brother. 2.Robert is a Chinese Canadian. He _____ (live) in Canada for 15 years.
3.He hasn’t _____ (finish) his homework yet. 4.We needn’t go in such a hurry. We still have thirty minutes ______ (left).
5.I need to_____ (clean) my cupboard. I haven’t used the things in it for long. 6.Judy has already _____ (finish) reading Little Women.
7.Have you _____ (read) Alice in Wonderland yet 8.It often ______ (snow) in North China last winter.
句型巩固
1.He has already gone to New York.(变一般疑问句并回答) ____he_____to New York____ _No,he______
2.We have learned English for two years(变否定句) We _____ ______ English for two years。
3.We have lived here for two years.(提问) ______ _____have you______here
4.Tom has ever read the book. (变否定句) Tom has _______ read the book.
5.Miss Green started to teach us 2 years ago.(同义句) Miss Green________ _______us for 2 years.
6.Nancy has to do some exercise to keep healthy. (改为否定句) Nancy _______ ______ to do ______ exercise to keep healthy.
7.Nancy has had breakfast. (改为否定句) Nancy ______ _______breakfast.
8.I have a backache.(一般疑问句并回答) _______ you ________ a backache –Yes,I _____.No,I ______.
9.I have been to Shanghai twice. .(一般疑问句并回答)

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