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海南省定安县2022-2023学年高三下学期开学检测英语试题
一、阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
（2023高三下·定安开学考） 阅读理解
There are many podcasts(播客) that teach English and you can listen to them anytime. Here is a list of some of the best podcasts that you must see.
Learn English Podcast
This podcast has three levels. The first is for beginners, the second is for intermediates(中级学生)and the third is for upper intermediates. If a person wants to learn Business English, then episodes are also made for him. Every podcast is short but very informative. Worksheets(活页练习题) and vocabulary tasks are also included.
Speaking Broadly
This podcast is made for advanced learners. Explained through discussion and interviews, each episode has non-native English speakers and every recording also has expert feed back. You will see some common mistakes made by English learners and you can improve your English by learning from those mistakes.
The English We Speak
This podcast airs one episode daily and every episode is only three to four minutes, which talks about phrases and idioms. There are two people in each episode who communicate with each other. Whatever level you are, you will find it rewarding.
Elementary Podcast
This podcast is mainly for beginners and intermediate level learners. The length of a podcast is around 25 minutes but you can pause it anytime and continue whenever you want. The hosts of each episode are different.
1．Which podcast provides exercises going with it
A．Speaking Broadly. B．Elementary Podcast.
C．The English We Speak. D．Learn English Podcast
2．What do we know about Speaking Broadly
A．It records just expert speakers.
B．It targets beginners.
C．It presents some typical mistakes.
D．It provides feedback from listeners.
3．What do The English We Speak and Elementary Podcasts have in common
A．They are both interactive. B．They cater for beginners.
C．They have the same length. D．They share the same contents.
【答案】1．D
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个帮助英语学习的英语播客。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据 Learn English Podcast部分中的“Every podcast is short but very informative. Worksheets and vocabulary tasks are also included.”每个播客都很短，但信息量很大。还包括活页练习题和词汇任务。可知，Learn English Podcast提供了活页练习题和词汇练习。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据Speaking Broadly部分中的“You will see some common mistakes made by English learners and you can improve your English by learning from those mistakes.”你会看到英语学习者犯的一些常见错误，你可以通过从这些错误中学习来提高你的英语水平。可知，该播客提供了英语学习者会常犯的错误。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据 The English We Speak部分中的“Whatever level you are, you will find it rewarding.”无论你是什么水平，你都会发现它是有益的；以及Elementary Podcast部分中的“This podcast is mainly for beginners and intermediate level learners.”该播客主要面向初学者和中级学习者。可知，二者都适合初学者。故选B。
（2023高三下·定安开学考）阅读理解
Leaving our hostel in the centre of Phnom Penh, we climb inside our small Tuk Tuk cabin attached to the back of Kiwi's motorbike; a bottle of water in one hand and s surgeon-style mask in the other, we set off on our 45-minute commute(通勤). It is a familiar start to the day for me and two other volunteers, We are setting out to work in an orphanage just outside Cambodia's capital city.
The morning rush hour in Phnom Penh is crowded and chaotic. Kiwi directs our path between the trucks, 4x4 Lexus and countless motorbikes. which often carry entire families. We reach the dusty highway, masks and sunshades firmly in place to protect our eyes and lungs. A mixture of concrete buildings and huts exist along the side of the road among a sea of rubbish. The residents often smile and wave as we pass by.
We turn onto a farm track. The last part of our journey is a roller coaster, jumping out of potholes(路面坑洼)and turning to avoid falling off the sinking road. We pass huts on stilts(木桩)，skinny cows and farm yards where children jump and scream upon seeing us. The stream along the side of the road is almost dry and no crops or trees are across the fields.
Finally we arrive at our destination: the oasis(令人快慰的地方) is Samrong Farm. By the gates, a group of 10-year-old children compete in the area of marbles. We're greeted by the shouts of "Cha, cha(short for "teacher")!"from several other kids gathering round. As we climb out of our vehicle, the sun is already hot and the oasis is as dry as the fields surrounding it. In such conditions you would imagine life to be hard, but you wouldn't know it to see the warm smiles and hear the laughter of the residents at Samrong Orphanage.
Compared to children in the Western World they have little and yet they give so much in generosity of spirit and enthusiasm for every day. Despite the journey, it is so good to arrive at work in the morning.
4．Where was the author going
A．To Samrong Orphanage. B．To the oasis of Samrong.
C．To the capital of Cambodia. D．To the centre of Phnom Penh.
5．What word can be used to describe Kiwi
A．Disciplined. B．Confident. C．Devoted. D．Ambitious.
6．What did they see along the farm track
A．Dry bones. B．Shy children.
C．Almost bare fields. D．A roller coaster beside it.
7．Where can we read the story
A．Sport Magazine. B．History Book.
C．Blog. D．Science Magazine.
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．C
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；记叙文；故事阅读类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者叙述了自己在金边做志愿者的经历，且主要讲的是从他们所住的旅店到他们所工作的孤儿院的一段45分钟旅程的所见所闻。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“We are setting out to work in an orphanage just outside Cambodia's capital city.”我们开始在柬埔寨首都城外的一家孤儿院工作；第四段中的“Finally we arrive at our destination: the oasis (令人快慰的地方) is Samrong Farm.”最后我们到达目的地：令人快慰的地方是桑荣农场；以及“In such conditions you would imagine life to be hard, but you wouldn't know it to see the warm smiles and hear the laughter of the residents at Samrong Orphanage.”在这样的条件下，你会想象生活会很艰难，但你不会知道，会看到Samrong Orphanage居民温暖的笑容，听到他们的笑声。可知，作者他们去的地方是桑荣农场孤儿院，Samrong Orphanage。故选A。
5．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The morning rush hour in Phnom Penh is crowded and chaotic. Kiwi directs our path between the trucks, 4×4 Lexus' and countless motorbikes, which often carry entire families. ”金边的早高峰拥挤而混乱。Kiwi在卡车、4×4雷克萨斯和无数摩托车之间指引我们的道路，这些摩托车通常载着整个家庭。可推知，Kiwi开着嘟嘟车在拥挤的交通中间穿行，毫不畏惧，由此说明Kiwi很自信。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The stream along the side of the road is almost bone dry and vegetation is rare across the fields.”沿着路边的小溪几乎干涸，田野的植被稀疏。可知，沿着农场的路边几乎是光秃秃的田野。故选C。
7．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In such conditions you would imagine life to be hard, but you wouldn't know it to see the warm smiles and hear the laughter of the residents at Samrong Orphanage.”在这样的条件下，你能想象到生活会很艰难，但你不会知道，会看到Samrong Orphanage居民温暖的笑容，听到他们的笑声；以及最后一段中的“Compared to children in the Western World they have little and yet they give so much in generosity of spirit and enthusiasm for every day.”与西方世界的孩子相比，他们几乎没有什么，但他们每天都在慷慨地奉献精神和热情。可知，作者提到孩子们在贫穷的环境中仍然快乐，笑声不断，精神上慷慨富足，体现出孩子们对待生活的热情。故选A。
（2023高三下·定安开学考） 阅读理解
There seems to be a lot of talk these days about what is fair, and what is not, Most people tend to believe life should be fair. Some of the 99% seem to believe life has treated them unfairly, and some of the1% feel life hasn't treated them fairly enough. My questions are these: What is fairness Is life fair Should life be fair
We clearly have no choice about how we come into this world. We have little choice early in life. But as we grow older, choices abound. I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life. The majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain. Fairness is a state of mind and most often, an unhealthy state of mind. Our state in life should not, be blamed on our parents, our teachers, or our society-it's largely based on the choices we make, and the attitudes we adopt.
Life is full of examples of the uneducated, the mentally and physically challenged people who chose a different path. Regardless of the challenges they faced, they had the character to choose contribution over complaint. I agree that challenges exist. I agree that many have an uphill battle due to the severity of the challenges they face. What I disagree with is the attempt to use fairness to solve all problems in the world. Rules and orders don't create fairness, but people's desire and determination can work around most life challenges.
It doesn't matter whether you are born with a silver spoon, plastic spoon, or no spoon at all. A friend of mine came to this country from Africa in his late teens, barely spoke the language, drove a cab while working his way through college, and is now the president of a technology services firm. Stories such as this are all around us-they are not miracles, nor are they the rare exception. They do, however, demonstrate blindness to the mindset of the fairness.
8．What does the underlined word "abound" in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Change fully. B．Remain the same.
C．Exist in great numbers. D．Disappear completely.
9．What opinion does the writer agree with
A．Most of us can influence the results we achieve.
B．Our background determines our choices.
C．People's desire creates unfairness.
D．We should depend on others to solve all problems.
10．What is the primary purpose of the text
A．To promote efforts over complaint.
B．To stress the importance of fairness.
C．To share an inspiring story of a friend.
D．To prove that fairness is a state of mind.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Fairness Is Justice.
B．Life Is Not Fair--Deal With It.
C．Fairness Comes First.
D．Fairness Creates Chances.
【答案】8．C
9．A
10．A
11．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；议论文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者讨论了生活是否公平以及是否应该公平的问题。作者认为，无论生活中遇到什么样的挑战，我们都应该勇敢面对，而不是一味指望公平来解决所有问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“We have little choice early in life. ”我们在人生的初期几乎没有选择。说明人生的初期没有选择，相对而言，人生的后期就有了选择，从而推知“But as we grow older, choices abound.”的意思是：但随着年龄的增长，我们的选择有很多。可推知abound应为“有了（选择），有更多（的选择）”的意思，故选C。
9．考查推理判断。根据第二段中中的“I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life, the majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain.”我一直相信，虽然我们无法控制生命的开始，但我们大多数人都有能力影响我们所取得的结果。可知，作者认为我们大多数人都能影响我们所取得的结果。故选A。
10．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Regardless of the challenges they faced, they had the character to choose contribution over complaint.”不管他们面临的挑战是什么，他们都有选择贡献而不是抱怨的品格。可知，文章的主要目的是要告诉人们要努力进取而不是抱怨。故选A。
11．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“It doesn't matter whether you are born with a silver spoon, plastic spoon, or no spoon at all. ”无论你是含着银汤匙，塑料汤匙，还是根本没有汤匙出生的都没关系；以及“Stories such as this are all around us-they are not miracles, nor are they the rare exception. They do, however, demonstrate blindness to the mindset of the fairness.”这样的故事在我们身边随处可见——它们不是奇迹，也不是罕见的例外。然而，他们却确实证明了他们对公平思维模式的无视。可知，本文用身边的事例阐述了人生中没有绝对的公平，但我们要勇敢面对不公平的道理。故选B。
（2023高三下·定安开学考） 阅读理解
Have you ever walked through a door and thought to yourself, "What was I going to do " If you have, you are not alone. Psychologists believe that walking through a door and entering another room creates a "mental block" in the brain. This is generally referred to as the doorway effect.
In the early years of brain research, scientists thought that human memory was like a closet, with many sections in which we could store little boxes of experiences from our lives. Boxes would remain there forever, and whenever we had to look into them, we could just go to that particular section and find that box of memory.
Beautiful as this description of human memory formation sounds, it is not true. Our brain is much more complex than that. Psychological studies suggest that our memories are episodic(情节性的)in general. If you think back on anything, you'll probably quickly realize our memories don't function as clear narratives. Instead, they're more episodic and divided into parts.
A new research led by psychologist Oliver Baumann from Bond University in Australia suggests that it's not so much the doorways that cause a memory wipe, as moving from one location to a significantly different one—it's the abrupt change of scene that prepares our minds for something new. "A good example is moving around in a department store, " says Baumann. He also points out that a busy and perhaps overloaded brain does seem to play some part in this phenomenon. In other words, walking through open doors is thought to reset memory to make room for a new episode.
The good news is that experiencing such forgettable episodes after entering another room does not tell you anything about your memory and intelligence. So when you enter a room and suddenly forget why you are there, you should not think that Alzheimer's disease is creeping up on you!
12．Which of the following would most probably be "doorway effect"
A．You missed a call and forgot to ring back.
B．You read a book and forget what it is about.
C．You entered the office and forgot what to get.
D．You can remember what you did yesterday.
13．What can we learn from the passage
A．All memories are linked in the brain.
B．Memories are clearly separated in the brain.
C．Not all the memories can be found in the brain.
D．Memories are stored forever.
14．What can we infer from Baumann's research
A．Taking an elevator stimulates new memory.
B．Walking through open doors results in memory loss.
C．A sudden change boosts intelligence development.
D．An overloaded brain increases the possibility of doorway effect.
15．What does the author think of "doorway effect"
A．Insignificant. B．Beneficial. C．Influential. D．Damaging.
【答案】12．C
13．C
14．D
15．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了门口效应以及其产生的原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Have you ever walked through a door and thought to yourself, ‘What was I going to do ' If you have, you are not alone. Psychologists believe that walking through a door and entering another room creates a ‘mental block' in the brain. This is generally referred to as the doorway effect.”你有没有穿过一扇门，心中在想：“我是要去干什么？”如果你有，你并不孤单。心理学家认为，穿过一扇门进入另一个房间会在大脑中造成“精神障碍”。这通常被称为门口效应。可知，进入一个房间忘记自己要做的事情被称作门口效应。故选C。
13．考查推理判断。根据第二段“In the early years of brain research, scientists thought that human memory was like a closet, with many sections in which we could store little boxes of experiences from our lives. Boxes would remain there forever, and whenever we had to look into them, we could just go to that particular section and find that box of memory.”在早期的大脑研究中，科学家们认为人类的记忆就像一个壁橱，有很多区域，我们可以在其中存储我们生活中的经历。盒子会永远留在那里，每当我们需要查看它们的时候，我们就可以去那个特定的区域，找到那个记忆盒子；以及第三段“Beautiful as this description of human memory formation sounds, it is not true. Our brain is much more complex than that. Psychological studies suggest that our memories are episodic(情节性的)in general. If you think back on anything, you'll probably quickly realize our memories don't function as clear narratives. Instead, they're more episodic and divided into parts.”这个关于人类记忆形成的描述听起来很美，但它是不真实的。我们的大脑比这复杂的多。心理学研究表明，我们的记忆通常是情节性的。如果你回想什么事情，你可能很快就会意识到我们的记忆并不是清晰的叙事。相反，它们更有情节性，被分成了多个部分。可知，并不是所有的记忆都是可以在大脑中找到的。故选C。
14．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的" He also points out that a busy and perhaps overloaded brain does seem to play some part in this phenomenon. ” 他还指出，一个忙碌且可能超负荷的大脑似乎确实在这种现象中发挥了一些作用，可知，超负荷的大脑会增加门口效应的可能性。故选D。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“The good news is that experiencing such forgettable episodes after entering another room does not tell you anything about your memory and intelligence. So when you enter a room and suddenly forget why you are there, you should not think that Alzheimer's disease is creeping up on you!”好消息是，在进入另一个房间后经历这种遗忘的插曲不会告诉你任何关于你的记忆力和智力的事情。所以，当你走进一个房间，突然忘记了自己为什么在那里时，你不应该认为阿尔茨海默病正在悄悄靠近你！可知出现门口效应并不表示记忆力或智力出现问题，没有什么影响。故选A。
二、任务型阅读(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
（2023高三下·定安开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There have been several incidents in recent years where people died because of unsafe crowd conditions and stampedes(人群的蜂拥), the latest one unfolding in Seoul, South Korea with at least 155 deaths reported. This may leave some people thinking there's little you can do to survive a stampede. 　16． 　But crowd safety experts say there are several strategies that could help you avoid a potentially deadly outcome. Consider these steps below:
The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location, Says Randy Atlas, a safety consultant based in Fort Lauderdale. 　17． 　It's a piece of common sense advice that Atlas applies not just at big events, but even when entering almost any room.
If there's a sudden panic and crowds begin to push in a certain direction, your instinct(本能)may be to fight back and push the opposite way. 　18． 　If you go against the flow, you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down. Another risk, according to experts: If you fight the crowd, you will tire yourself out quickly in a situation where energy is needed.
As you move forward with the crowd, it's best to move in a diagonal(对角线的) direction so you can potentially angle your way out of the situation. The goal is to get to the edge of the stampede where it's less likely that you'll end up stuck at a choke point, like a doorway.
　19． 　Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall. Other places to duck: behind a car or even a lamp post.
In many stampede events, people die simply because they are crushed to the point they can't breathe. But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you, almost in a boxer like position. That could give you some very valuable breathing room-literally. 　20． 　
A. Another potential way is to shelter yourself.
B. But that could be a big mistake, Atlas warns.
C. In this case, you don't necessarily have to wait and let time slip by.
D. Namely, he advises people to take note of where the nearest exits are.
E. It's a simple pose, but surprisingly effective and possibly life saving.
F. Other events, such as a Halloween gathering, are likely to turn deadly.
G. Indeed, it's a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape.
【答案】16．G；17．D；18．B；19．A；20．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了防止拥挤踩踏的一些方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“This may leave some people thinking there's little you can do to survive a stampede.”这可能会让一些人认为你几乎无法在踩踏事件中幸存下来。可知，设空处应承接上句说明这种局面所导致的结果，G. Indeed, it's a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape“的确，这种局面很骇人，形势有可能让人难以逃脱”符合语境。故选G。
17．根据空前“The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location.”在人群中保持安全的关键是从你到达地点开始的。可知，设空处应为最关键是留意最近的出口在哪里。D. Namely, he advises people to take note of where the nearest exits are“也就是说，他建议人们留意最近的出口在哪里”中“he”与上一句的“Randy Atlas”相呼应。故选D。
18．根据空前“your instinct (本能) may be to fight back and push the opposite way”你的本能可能是反击并向相反的方向推进；以及空后“If you go against the flow, you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down”如果你逆潮流而动，你被绊倒和撞倒的几率就会增加。可知，你本能做出的行为可能是错的，B. But that could be a big mistake,Atlas warns“Atlas警告说这样做可能是错误的”符合语境。故选B。
19．根据空后“Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall. Other places to duck; behind a car or even a lamp post.”找一个坚实的结构站在后面，如柱子或墙。其他地方可以躲避；躲在汽车后面，甚至是灯柱后面。可知，空出提出应该保护自己。A. Another potential way is to shelter yourself“另一种可能的方法是保护自己”概括本段内容，符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空前“But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you, almost in a boxer-like position. That could give you some very valuable breathing room—literally.”但有一种可能的方法可以避免这种情况，那就是将手臂放在身前，几乎像拳击手一样。这可能会给你一些非常宝贵的喘息空间。可知，空处应陈述这种行为看似简单，却非常有效。E. It's a simple pose, but surprisingly effective and possibly life-saving.“这是一个简单的姿势，但却出奇地有效，而且可能挽救生命”符合题意，pose呼应上文position，故选E。
三、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
（2023高三下·定安开学考） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly drop to -10℃ during winter. 21． in the harsh winter without wearing a coat, a boy wrapped his arms around himself on a bus stop bench. It's a 22． scene, but the actions of the ordinary people who witnessed the 23． of 11-year-old Johanne are both joyous and inspiring.
A young woman sitting next to the boy noticed him rubbing his arms. She immediately asked him:" Don't you have a 24． " "No, someone stole it," he replied. She 25． and learned he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. She asked him the name of his school and where he was from as she 26． draped(披上)her own coat around his shoulders.
Later, another woman gave him her scarf and then 27． him in her large overcoat. Throughout the day, more and more people 28． to give him gloves and even the coats off their backs as they waited for their bus.
29． , Johanne's experience was an experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children's Villages. Carried out by a 30． camera, it was part of their winter campaign to gather 31． of much-needed coats and blankets to help Syrian children through the winter. Many of the refugees have left their homes 32． winter clothing
"People should care as much about children in Syria as they are 33． about this boy," Synne Ronning, the information head of SOS Children's Villages Norway, told The Local. She also 34． that the child was a volunteer who was never in any danger during the 35． .
21．A．Thinking B．Jumping C．Sleeping D．Trembling
22．A．heartbreaking B．effort-making C．breathtaking D．history-making
23．A．bravery B．dilemma C．anxiety D．adventure
24．A．schoolbag B．companion C．jacket D．parent
25．A．inquired B．explored C．assessed D．confirmed
26．A．sympathetically B．pretendingly
C．tiredly D．casually
27．A．carried B．bound C．placed D．wrapped
28．A．attempted B．desired C．offered D．chanced
29．A．Interestingly B．Actually C．Amazingly D．Naturally
30．A．potential B．public C．hidden D．mobile
31．A．donations B．suggestions C．demands D．funds
32．A．despite B．without C．in D．for
33．A．curious B．confused C．particular D．concerned
34．A．noted B．predicted C．quoted D．believed
35．A．cheating B．filming C．walking D．training
【答案】21．D；22．A；23．B；24．C；25．A；26．A；27．D；28．C；29．B；30．C；31．A；32．B；33．D；34．A；35．B
【知识点】新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了在挪威首都街头进行的慈善实验——拍摄人们对一个寒冬中没有外套的小男孩的反应。并说明此实验是一个慈善组织为帮助叙利亚难民筹集过冬衣物的行动的一部分。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：一个没有穿外套的男孩坐在公交车站的长椅上，在寒冷的冬日瑟瑟发抖。A. Thinking“思考”；B. Jumping“跳”；C. Sleeping“睡觉”；D. Trembling“发抖”。根据空前“Temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly drop to -10℃ during winter.”和空后“without wearing a coat,”可知，冬天很冷，男孩没有外套；由此可以推出男孩是在冬天里冷到发抖。故选D。
22．句意：这是一个令人心碎的场景，但普通人目睹11岁的男孩陷入困境行为，让乔安娜既快乐又鼓舞人心。A. heartbreaking“令人心碎的”；B. effort-making“努力的”；C. breathtaking“令人惊叹的”；D. history-making“创造历史的”。根据上文，男孩在零下十度的冬天在一个公交车站边冷到发抖，是一个令人难过、心碎的场景。故选A。
23．句意：这是一个令人心碎的场景，但普通人目睹11岁的男孩陷入困境行为，让乔安娜既快乐又鼓舞人心。A. bravery“勇敢”；B. dilemma“两难境地”；C. anxiety“焦虑”；D. adventure“冒险”。根据下文“he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.”可判断，他没有外套，很冷，但又要等老师不能离开。此处表示普通人目睹这一两难的窘境。故选B。
24．句意：她马上问他：“你没有夹克吗？”A. schoolbag“书包”；B. companion“陪伴”；C. jacket“外套”；D. parent“父母”。根据上文“ 1 in the harsh winter without wearing a coat,”和下文“‘No, someone stole it,' he replied.”可知，女人问的是男孩有没有外套，故选C。
25．句意：她询问后得知，他是要去学校，有人告诉他在公交车站等他的老师。A. inquired“询问”；B. explored“探索”；C. assessed“评估”；D. confirmed“确认”。根据空后“and learned he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.”可知，女人得到了一些男孩的信息，可推出，女人是问了男孩一些问题；并且下文“She asked him the name of his school and where he was from as she 6 draped her own coat around his shoulders.”中ask和A项inquire询问为同义词替换。故选A。
26．句意：她问他学校的名字，从哪里来，同时同情地把自己的外套搭在他肩上。A. sympathetically“同情地”；B. pretendingly“假装地”；C. tiredly“累地”；D. casually“随意地”。结合常识可知，天气寒冷，年轻女子不顾自己受冻给男孩披上外套，是富有同情心的行为。故选A。
27．句意：后来，另一个女人把自己的围巾给了他，然后把他裹在自己的大大衣里。A. carried“带上”；B. bound“捆绑”；C. placed“放置”；D. wrapped“包住”。根据空后“in her large overcoat”判断，对于男孩来说，女人的衣服非常大，所以此处是很形象地形容女人将他裹在大衣里面。故选D。
28．句意：一整天，越来越多的人在等车的时候主动给他手套，甚至脱下身上的外套。A. attempted“试图”；B. desired“想要”；C. offered“提供”；D. chanced“碰巧做”。根据上文“both joyous and inspiring.”作者形容这一情境为“鼓舞人心的”可推测，越来越多的人都自发的、主动给小男孩提供自己的衣物。故选C。
29．句意：实际上，乔安娜的经历是挪威慈善机构SOS儿童村的一次实验。A. Interestingly“有趣的是”；B. Actually“实际上”；C. Amazingly“惊奇的是”；D. Naturally“自然而然地”。根据空后的“Johanne's experience was an experiment”可知，他的经历实际上是一个实验。故选B。
30．句意：由一个隐藏的摄像机拍摄，这是他们冬季活动的一部分，目的是筹集急需的外套和毯子，帮助叙利亚儿童过冬。A. potential“可能的”；B. public“公开的”；C. hidden“藏起来的”；D. mobile“移动的”。结合常识可知，社会实验一般都是在被拍摄人不知情的情况下，用隐藏式摄像机拍摄的。故选C。
31．句意：这是他们冬季活动的一部分，目的是筹集急需的外套和毯子，帮助叙利亚儿童过冬。A. donations“捐赠物”；B. suggestions“建议”；C. demands“命令”；D. funds“资金”。根据空后的“of much-needed coats and blankets”可知，收集的是急需的外套和毛毯等捐赠物。故选A。
32．句意：许多难民离家时都没有冬装。A. despite“尽管”；B. without“没有”；C. in“在……里面”；D. for“为了”。结合常识可知，很多难民在没有冬衣的情形下就因为战争等因素被迫离开了家乡，所以才需要社会募捐衣物。故选B。
33．句意：人们应该像关心这个男孩一样，关注叙利亚的儿童。A. curious“好奇的”；B. confused“疑惑的”；C. particular“特别的”；D. concerned“担心的”。根据上文可知，路人纷纷主动给男孩提供衣物，所以肯定是关心这个男孩。故选D。
34．句意：她还指出，孩子是一名志愿者，在拍摄过程中没有任何危险。A. noted“提出，指出”；B. predicted“预测”；C. quoted“引用”；D. believed“相信”。根据上文“People should care as much about children in Syria as they are concerned about this boy,”可知，Synne Ronning是在说明一些关于这个社会实验的情况，空前有also表示“同样、也”，所以空处也需要填和“说明”近义或同义的词。故选A。
35．句意：她还指出，孩子是一名志愿者，在拍摄过程中没有任何危险。A. cheating“欺骗”；B. filming“拍摄”；C. walking“走路”；D. training“训练”。根据上文可知，此处指这个孩子在拍摄这个社会实验的过程中是安全的。故选B。
四、语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2023高三下·定安开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An anxious 18-year-old Peng Lanxi got his　36． 　(admit) letter from Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26, bringing his dream closer making prosthetic limbs(假肢) more advanced and　37． 　(access) to people like him.
Peng lost his legs in 　38． 　 car accident in 2005, leaving him unable to move around. Having learned to walk using just his 　39． 　(hand) for years, he now enjoys life as much as the teenagers around him. On his wheelchair he plays basketball　40． 　badminton, "I believe that obstacles(障碍)are to be conquered. Someone says that life is like a mirror, and we get the best results when we smile at it," Peng says.
His story which has been viewed more　41． 　 19 million times up till now, has gone viral(在网上快速传播的)on social media platform Sina Weibo and he 　42． 　(win) admiration from its users for his courage, determination and hard work. Lu Ming, director of the university's School of Information and Electrical Engineering, says that the school will help Peng pursue　43． 　 (he) dream--to be a prosthetics engineer, a career　44． 　will in time change lives.
Peng is not alone. According 　45． 　 the China Disabled Persons' Association, 14, 559 students facing physical challenges entered college last year.
【答案】36．admission；37．accessible；38．a；39．hands；40．and；41．than；42．wins；43．his；44．that /which；45．to
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一位刚被大学录取的身残志坚的少年。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，形容词，冠词，连词，时态，主谓一致，代词，定语从句，介词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：7月26日，焦虑的18岁的彭兰溪收到了湖南科技大学的录取通知书，这让他的梦想更加接近，他的梦想是让假肢更先进，更容易被像他这样的人使用。此处名词作定语，修饰后面的名词letter。admission letter“录取通知书”。故填admission。
37．句意：7月26日，焦虑的18岁的彭兰溪收到了湖南科技大学的录取通知书，这让他的梦想更加接近，他的梦想是让假肢更先进，更容易被像他这样的人使用。此处形容词，和前面的形容词advanced并列作宾补，sth. be accessible to sb.“某物易于让某人所得(所用)”，故填accessible。
38．句意：彭在2005年的一场车祸中失去了双腿，导致他无法活动。此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，故填a。
39．句意：多年来，他学会了只用手走路，现在他和周围的青少年一样享受生活。此处名词作宾语，结合语境应用复数形式，故填hands。
40．句意：他坐在轮椅上打篮球和羽毛球，“我相信障碍是需要克服的。有人说生活就像一面镜子，当我们对它微笑时，我们会得到最好的结果，”彭说。 basketball和badminton并列关系，故填and。
41．句意：到目前为止，他的故事已经被观看了1900多万次，在社交媒体平台新浪微博上疯传，他的勇气、决心和努力赢得了用户的钦佩。more than固定短语，“多于”，故填 than 。
42．句意：到目前为止，他的故事已经被观看了1900多万次，在社交媒体平台新浪微博上疯传，他的勇气、决心和努力赢得了用户的钦佩。此处是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，主语是he，故填wins。
43．句意：该大学信息与电气工程学院院长卢明表示，该学院将帮助彭于晏实现他的梦想——成为一名假肢工程师，这一职业将随着时间的推移改变人们的生活。c此处形容词性物主代词，作定语，故填 his。
44．句意：该大学信息与电气工程学院院长卢明表示，该学院将帮助彭于晏实现他的梦想——成为一名假肢工程师，这一职业将随着时间的推移改变人们的生活。 will in time change lives 是限制性定语从句， 先行词是 a career ，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 that /which，故填 that /which 。
45．句意：根据中国残疾人协会的数据，去年有14559名面临身体挑战的学生进入了大学。according to 固定短语，“根据”，故填to。
五、写作(共两节，满分 40分)
46．（2023高三下·定安开学考） 党的二十大(the 20th CPC National Congress)报告指出，要建设全民终身学习的学习型社会和学习型大国。请你根据这一会议精神，写一篇演讲稿，题为"Be a Lifelong Learner"，内容包括:
1）终身学习的重要性；
2）如何终身学习。
注意：
1）写作词数应为 80 左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Be a Lifelong Learner
【答案】Be a Lifelong Learner
The report by the 20th CPC National Congress has pointed out we are living in a remarkable time which is calling us to break new ground and display full talents. How to achieve our greatest potential Here is the answer: be a lifelong learner.
Lifelong learning is the best education. For one thing, our times are changing in ways like never before. To better cope with them, we are supposed to embrace new technology and learn new knowledge. For another, learning is a good way to remain vigorous and stay young. Above all, it helps us to be adapting to changes. There are various ways to achieve lifelong learning. Post-school training, online courses and interest groups are all available in our time.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一篇题为"Be a Lifelong Learner" 的演讲稿。写作背景：党的二十大(the 20th CPC National Congress)报告指出，要建设全民终身学习的学习型社会和学习型大国。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）终身学习的重要性；2）如何终身学习。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：The report by the 20th CPC National Congress has pointed out we are living in a remarkable time which is calling us to break new ground and display full talents. 运用了宾语从句，限制性定语从句，Here is the answer: be a lifelong learner.运用了倒装句；To better cope with them, we are supposed to embrace new technology and learn new knowledge.运用了不定式作目的状语；There are various ways to achieve lifelong learning.运用了there be句式。
47．（2023高三下·定安开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
"How many players are required for playing the match What does the goal keeper do... "Mack asked while watching a soccer match on television. These simple questions made his parents sense his interest in sports.
"Mom, I want a soccer uniform. I'll go out wearing it and have fun in playing soccer with my friends," he begged his mother. He is a naughty, disobedient (不顺从的) little boy. Whatever he desires, he demands that his parents purchase it in a split second.
"OK," said his mother. "Such uniforms are not generally available. We will get you one shortly, but you need to have patience. "
Mack kept thinking about the uniform and imagining the joy of playing with his friends. The days were passing, but there was no response from his parents. He felt disappointed. He is a very stubborn and disobedient son who never tries to know the circumstances or gives up his idea. He kept thinking how to achieve his dream of having a soccer uniform as early as possible. Then he came up with a great idea—he could paint one of his uniforms while his mother was busy working. At first, he worried that his mother might discover and scold him. But finally, he made up his mind to paint.
One day, as usual, Mack's mother got a very full schedule and it would be a few hours before she could spare time to stay with him. She asked Mack to play with his toys until then. Wanting to keep his mother away for a few hours as well, Mack obeyed pleasantly.
In his room, Mack picked up one of his uniforms and started painting. He first drew a circle with the help of a bowl and then developed it into a soccer image (图像). During the whole process, he took care to avoid the spread of color onto the other side of the uniform. After quite a long time, he finished painting a colorful soccer showing the national flag on his school uniform. It was a remarkable piece of work.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1: There was no disturbance by Mack for a long time, which drew his mother's attention.
Paragraph 2: "It's OK," said the mother.
【答案】 There was no disturbance by Mack for a long time, which drew his mother's attention. He was much quieter than usual, and his unusual quietness made her have the sense that something went wrong. She went to Mack's room and stared in great surprise when she discovered a painting on his school uniform. Mack got nervous because of his mother's sudden arrival. Not knowing how to explain the painted uniform to her, he lowered his head and started sobbing.
"It's OK," said the mother. She didn't scold Mack. Instead, she walked away and came back with a gift for Mack — his dream soccer uniform. He screamed out of joy." We hoped for patience. It requires a lot of patience as well as efforts to achieve something in life," said Mom." Anyway, you have devoted your efforts, and if you had obeyed us, we wouldn't have found your painting talent." "Thank you, Mom. I love you," said Mack happily.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者的姐姐告诉作者世界上没有圣诞老人，作者逃到奶奶那里想要听奶奶说实话，结果奶奶把作者带到一个商店，给了作者10美元，让作者给有需要的人买东西，于是作者给班里坐在自己后面的Bobby Decker买了一件红色的外套。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“那天晚上，奶奶帮我用圣诞包装纸把外套包好。”可知，第一段可描写作者和奶奶去给Bobby Decker送外套的经过。②由第二段首句内容“奶奶和我气喘吁吁地等着Bobby Decker的前门打开。”可知，第二段可描写Bobby Decker收到外套后的反应，以及这件事后作者的内心活动，作者为自己的所作所为感到非常自豪，决定永远做圣诞老人的帮手。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：He was much quieter than usual, and his unusual quietness made her have the sense that something went wrong.运用了并列句，同位语从句； She went to Mack's room and stared in great surprise when she discovered a painting on his school uniform. 运用了时间状语从句； Not knowing how to explain the painted uniform to her, he lowered his head and started sobbing.运用了现在分词作状语，“疑问词+不定式"作宾语； Anyway, you have devoted your efforts, and if you had obeyed us, we wouldn't have found your painting talent.运用了并列句，条件状语从句，虚拟语气。
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海南省定安县2022-2023学年高三下学期开学检测英语试题
一、阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
（2023高三下·定安开学考） 阅读理解
There are many podcasts(播客) that teach English and you can listen to them anytime. Here is a list of some of the best podcasts that you must see.
Learn English Podcast
This podcast has three levels. The first is for beginners, the second is for intermediates(中级学生)and the third is for upper intermediates. If a person wants to learn Business English, then episodes are also made for him. Every podcast is short but very informative. Worksheets(活页练习题) and vocabulary tasks are also included.
Speaking Broadly
This podcast is made for advanced learners. Explained through discussion and interviews, each episode has non-native English speakers and every recording also has expert feed back. You will see some common mistakes made by English learners and you can improve your English by learning from those mistakes.
The English We Speak
This podcast airs one episode daily and every episode is only three to four minutes, which talks about phrases and idioms. There are two people in each episode who communicate with each other. Whatever level you are, you will find it rewarding.
Elementary Podcast
This podcast is mainly for beginners and intermediate level learners. The length of a podcast is around 25 minutes but you can pause it anytime and continue whenever you want. The hosts of each episode are different.
1．Which podcast provides exercises going with it
A．Speaking Broadly. B．Elementary Podcast.
C．The English We Speak. D．Learn English Podcast
2．What do we know about Speaking Broadly
A．It records just expert speakers.
B．It targets beginners.
C．It presents some typical mistakes.
D．It provides feedback from listeners.
3．What do The English We Speak and Elementary Podcasts have in common
A．They are both interactive. B．They cater for beginners.
C．They have the same length. D．They share the same contents.
（2023高三下·定安开学考）阅读理解
Leaving our hostel in the centre of Phnom Penh, we climb inside our small Tuk Tuk cabin attached to the back of Kiwi's motorbike; a bottle of water in one hand and s surgeon-style mask in the other, we set off on our 45-minute commute(通勤). It is a familiar start to the day for me and two other volunteers, We are setting out to work in an orphanage just outside Cambodia's capital city.
The morning rush hour in Phnom Penh is crowded and chaotic. Kiwi directs our path between the trucks, 4x4 Lexus and countless motorbikes. which often carry entire families. We reach the dusty highway, masks and sunshades firmly in place to protect our eyes and lungs. A mixture of concrete buildings and huts exist along the side of the road among a sea of rubbish. The residents often smile and wave as we pass by.
We turn onto a farm track. The last part of our journey is a roller coaster, jumping out of potholes(路面坑洼)and turning to avoid falling off the sinking road. We pass huts on stilts(木桩)，skinny cows and farm yards where children jump and scream upon seeing us. The stream along the side of the road is almost dry and no crops or trees are across the fields.
Finally we arrive at our destination: the oasis(令人快慰的地方) is Samrong Farm. By the gates, a group of 10-year-old children compete in the area of marbles. We're greeted by the shouts of "Cha, cha(short for "teacher")!"from several other kids gathering round. As we climb out of our vehicle, the sun is already hot and the oasis is as dry as the fields surrounding it. In such conditions you would imagine life to be hard, but you wouldn't know it to see the warm smiles and hear the laughter of the residents at Samrong Orphanage.
Compared to children in the Western World they have little and yet they give so much in generosity of spirit and enthusiasm for every day. Despite the journey, it is so good to arrive at work in the morning.
4．Where was the author going
A．To Samrong Orphanage. B．To the oasis of Samrong.
C．To the capital of Cambodia. D．To the centre of Phnom Penh.
5．What word can be used to describe Kiwi
A．Disciplined. B．Confident. C．Devoted. D．Ambitious.
6．What did they see along the farm track
A．Dry bones. B．Shy children.
C．Almost bare fields. D．A roller coaster beside it.
7．Where can we read the story
A．Sport Magazine. B．History Book.
C．Blog. D．Science Magazine.
（2023高三下·定安开学考） 阅读理解
There seems to be a lot of talk these days about what is fair, and what is not, Most people tend to believe life should be fair. Some of the 99% seem to believe life has treated them unfairly, and some of the1% feel life hasn't treated them fairly enough. My questions are these: What is fairness Is life fair Should life be fair
We clearly have no choice about how we come into this world. We have little choice early in life. But as we grow older, choices abound. I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life. The majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain. Fairness is a state of mind and most often, an unhealthy state of mind. Our state in life should not, be blamed on our parents, our teachers, or our society-it's largely based on the choices we make, and the attitudes we adopt.
Life is full of examples of the uneducated, the mentally and physically challenged people who chose a different path. Regardless of the challenges they faced, they had the character to choose contribution over complaint. I agree that challenges exist. I agree that many have an uphill battle due to the severity of the challenges they face. What I disagree with is the attempt to use fairness to solve all problems in the world. Rules and orders don't create fairness, but people's desire and determination can work around most life challenges.
It doesn't matter whether you are born with a silver spoon, plastic spoon, or no spoon at all. A friend of mine came to this country from Africa in his late teens, barely spoke the language, drove a cab while working his way through college, and is now the president of a technology services firm. Stories such as this are all around us-they are not miracles, nor are they the rare exception. They do, however, demonstrate blindness to the mindset of the fairness.
8．What does the underlined word "abound" in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Change fully. B．Remain the same.
C．Exist in great numbers. D．Disappear completely.
9．What opinion does the writer agree with
A．Most of us can influence the results we achieve.
B．Our background determines our choices.
C．People's desire creates unfairness.
D．We should depend on others to solve all problems.
10．What is the primary purpose of the text
A．To promote efforts over complaint.
B．To stress the importance of fairness.
C．To share an inspiring story of a friend.
D．To prove that fairness is a state of mind.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Fairness Is Justice.
B．Life Is Not Fair--Deal With It.
C．Fairness Comes First.
D．Fairness Creates Chances.
（2023高三下·定安开学考） 阅读理解
Have you ever walked through a door and thought to yourself, "What was I going to do " If you have, you are not alone. Psychologists believe that walking through a door and entering another room creates a "mental block" in the brain. This is generally referred to as the doorway effect.
In the early years of brain research, scientists thought that human memory was like a closet, with many sections in which we could store little boxes of experiences from our lives. Boxes would remain there forever, and whenever we had to look into them, we could just go to that particular section and find that box of memory.
Beautiful as this description of human memory formation sounds, it is not true. Our brain is much more complex than that. Psychological studies suggest that our memories are episodic(情节性的)in general. If you think back on anything, you'll probably quickly realize our memories don't function as clear narratives. Instead, they're more episodic and divided into parts.
A new research led by psychologist Oliver Baumann from Bond University in Australia suggests that it's not so much the doorways that cause a memory wipe, as moving from one location to a significantly different one—it's the abrupt change of scene that prepares our minds for something new. "A good example is moving around in a department store, " says Baumann. He also points out that a busy and perhaps overloaded brain does seem to play some part in this phenomenon. In other words, walking through open doors is thought to reset memory to make room for a new episode.
The good news is that experiencing such forgettable episodes after entering another room does not tell you anything about your memory and intelligence. So when you enter a room and suddenly forget why you are there, you should not think that Alzheimer's disease is creeping up on you!
12．Which of the following would most probably be "doorway effect"
A．You missed a call and forgot to ring back.
B．You read a book and forget what it is about.
C．You entered the office and forgot what to get.
D．You can remember what you did yesterday.
13．What can we learn from the passage
A．All memories are linked in the brain.
B．Memories are clearly separated in the brain.
C．Not all the memories can be found in the brain.
D．Memories are stored forever.
14．What can we infer from Baumann's research
A．Taking an elevator stimulates new memory.
B．Walking through open doors results in memory loss.
C．A sudden change boosts intelligence development.
D．An overloaded brain increases the possibility of doorway effect.
15．What does the author think of "doorway effect"
A．Insignificant. B．Beneficial. C．Influential. D．Damaging.
二、任务型阅读(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
（2023高三下·定安开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There have been several incidents in recent years where people died because of unsafe crowd conditions and stampedes(人群的蜂拥), the latest one unfolding in Seoul, South Korea with at least 155 deaths reported. This may leave some people thinking there's little you can do to survive a stampede. 　16． 　But crowd safety experts say there are several strategies that could help you avoid a potentially deadly outcome. Consider these steps below:
The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location, Says Randy Atlas, a safety consultant based in Fort Lauderdale. 　17． 　It's a piece of common sense advice that Atlas applies not just at big events, but even when entering almost any room.
If there's a sudden panic and crowds begin to push in a certain direction, your instinct(本能)may be to fight back and push the opposite way. 　18． 　If you go against the flow, you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down. Another risk, according to experts: If you fight the crowd, you will tire yourself out quickly in a situation where energy is needed.
As you move forward with the crowd, it's best to move in a diagonal(对角线的) direction so you can potentially angle your way out of the situation. The goal is to get to the edge of the stampede where it's less likely that you'll end up stuck at a choke point, like a doorway.
　19． 　Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall. Other places to duck: behind a car or even a lamp post.
In many stampede events, people die simply because they are crushed to the point they can't breathe. But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you, almost in a boxer like position. That could give you some very valuable breathing room-literally. 　20． 　
A. Another potential way is to shelter yourself.
B. But that could be a big mistake, Atlas warns.
C. In this case, you don't necessarily have to wait and let time slip by.
D. Namely, he advises people to take note of where the nearest exits are.
E. It's a simple pose, but surprisingly effective and possibly life saving.
F. Other events, such as a Halloween gathering, are likely to turn deadly.
G. Indeed, it's a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape.
三、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
（2023高三下·定安开学考） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly drop to -10℃ during winter. 21． in the harsh winter without wearing a coat, a boy wrapped his arms around himself on a bus stop bench. It's a 22． scene, but the actions of the ordinary people who witnessed the 23． of 11-year-old Johanne are both joyous and inspiring.
A young woman sitting next to the boy noticed him rubbing his arms. She immediately asked him:" Don't you have a 24． " "No, someone stole it," he replied. She 25． and learned he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. She asked him the name of his school and where he was from as she 26． draped(披上)her own coat around his shoulders.
Later, another woman gave him her scarf and then 27． him in her large overcoat. Throughout the day, more and more people 28． to give him gloves and even the coats off their backs as they waited for their bus.
29． , Johanne's experience was an experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children's Villages. Carried out by a 30． camera, it was part of their winter campaign to gather 31． of much-needed coats and blankets to help Syrian children through the winter. Many of the refugees have left their homes 32． winter clothing
"People should care as much about children in Syria as they are 33． about this boy," Synne Ronning, the information head of SOS Children's Villages Norway, told The Local. She also 34． that the child was a volunteer who was never in any danger during the 35． .
21．A．Thinking B．Jumping C．Sleeping D．Trembling
22．A．heartbreaking B．effort-making C．breathtaking D．history-making
23．A．bravery B．dilemma C．anxiety D．adventure
24．A．schoolbag B．companion C．jacket D．parent
25．A．inquired B．explored C．assessed D．confirmed
26．A．sympathetically B．pretendingly
C．tiredly D．casually
27．A．carried B．bound C．placed D．wrapped
28．A．attempted B．desired C．offered D．chanced
29．A．Interestingly B．Actually C．Amazingly D．Naturally
30．A．potential B．public C．hidden D．mobile
31．A．donations B．suggestions C．demands D．funds
32．A．despite B．without C．in D．for
33．A．curious B．confused C．particular D．concerned
34．A．noted B．predicted C．quoted D．believed
35．A．cheating B．filming C．walking D．training
四、语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2023高三下·定安开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An anxious 18-year-old Peng Lanxi got his　36． 　(admit) letter from Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26, bringing his dream closer making prosthetic limbs(假肢) more advanced and　37． 　(access) to people like him.
Peng lost his legs in 　38． 　 car accident in 2005, leaving him unable to move around. Having learned to walk using just his 　39． 　(hand) for years, he now enjoys life as much as the teenagers around him. On his wheelchair he plays basketball　40． 　badminton, "I believe that obstacles(障碍)are to be conquered. Someone says that life is like a mirror, and we get the best results when we smile at it," Peng says.
His story which has been viewed more　41． 　 19 million times up till now, has gone viral(在网上快速传播的)on social media platform Sina Weibo and he 　42． 　(win) admiration from its users for his courage, determination and hard work. Lu Ming, director of the university's School of Information and Electrical Engineering, says that the school will help Peng pursue　43． 　 (he) dream--to be a prosthetics engineer, a career　44． 　will in time change lives.
Peng is not alone. According 　45． 　 the China Disabled Persons' Association, 14, 559 students facing physical challenges entered college last year.
五、写作(共两节，满分 40分)
46．（2023高三下·定安开学考） 党的二十大(the 20th CPC National Congress)报告指出，要建设全民终身学习的学习型社会和学习型大国。请你根据这一会议精神，写一篇演讲稿，题为"Be a Lifelong Learner"，内容包括:
1）终身学习的重要性；
2）如何终身学习。
注意：
1）写作词数应为 80 左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Be a Lifelong Learner
47．（2023高三下·定安开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
"How many players are required for playing the match What does the goal keeper do... "Mack asked while watching a soccer match on television. These simple questions made his parents sense his interest in sports.
"Mom, I want a soccer uniform. I'll go out wearing it and have fun in playing soccer with my friends," he begged his mother. He is a naughty, disobedient (不顺从的) little boy. Whatever he desires, he demands that his parents purchase it in a split second.
"OK," said his mother. "Such uniforms are not generally available. We will get you one shortly, but you need to have patience. "
Mack kept thinking about the uniform and imagining the joy of playing with his friends. The days were passing, but there was no response from his parents. He felt disappointed. He is a very stubborn and disobedient son who never tries to know the circumstances or gives up his idea. He kept thinking how to achieve his dream of having a soccer uniform as early as possible. Then he came up with a great idea—he could paint one of his uniforms while his mother was busy working. At first, he worried that his mother might discover and scold him. But finally, he made up his mind to paint.
One day, as usual, Mack's mother got a very full schedule and it would be a few hours before she could spare time to stay with him. She asked Mack to play with his toys until then. Wanting to keep his mother away for a few hours as well, Mack obeyed pleasantly.
In his room, Mack picked up one of his uniforms and started painting. He first drew a circle with the help of a bowl and then developed it into a soccer image (图像). During the whole process, he took care to avoid the spread of color onto the other side of the uniform. After quite a long time, he finished painting a colorful soccer showing the national flag on his school uniform. It was a remarkable piece of work.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1: There was no disturbance by Mack for a long time, which drew his mother's attention.
Paragraph 2: "It's OK," said the mother.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个帮助英语学习的英语播客。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据 Learn English Podcast部分中的“Every podcast is short but very informative. Worksheets and vocabulary tasks are also included.”每个播客都很短，但信息量很大。还包括活页练习题和词汇任务。可知，Learn English Podcast提供了活页练习题和词汇练习。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据Speaking Broadly部分中的“You will see some common mistakes made by English learners and you can improve your English by learning from those mistakes.”你会看到英语学习者犯的一些常见错误，你可以通过从这些错误中学习来提高你的英语水平。可知，该播客提供了英语学习者会常犯的错误。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据 The English We Speak部分中的“Whatever level you are, you will find it rewarding.”无论你是什么水平，你都会发现它是有益的；以及Elementary Podcast部分中的“This podcast is mainly for beginners and intermediate level learners.”该播客主要面向初学者和中级学习者。可知，二者都适合初学者。故选B。
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．C
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；记叙文；故事阅读类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者叙述了自己在金边做志愿者的经历，且主要讲的是从他们所住的旅店到他们所工作的孤儿院的一段45分钟旅程的所见所闻。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“We are setting out to work in an orphanage just outside Cambodia's capital city.”我们开始在柬埔寨首都城外的一家孤儿院工作；第四段中的“Finally we arrive at our destination: the oasis (令人快慰的地方) is Samrong Farm.”最后我们到达目的地：令人快慰的地方是桑荣农场；以及“In such conditions you would imagine life to be hard, but you wouldn't know it to see the warm smiles and hear the laughter of the residents at Samrong Orphanage.”在这样的条件下，你会想象生活会很艰难，但你不会知道，会看到Samrong Orphanage居民温暖的笑容，听到他们的笑声。可知，作者他们去的地方是桑荣农场孤儿院，Samrong Orphanage。故选A。
5．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The morning rush hour in Phnom Penh is crowded and chaotic. Kiwi directs our path between the trucks, 4×4 Lexus' and countless motorbikes, which often carry entire families. ”金边的早高峰拥挤而混乱。Kiwi在卡车、4×4雷克萨斯和无数摩托车之间指引我们的道路，这些摩托车通常载着整个家庭。可推知，Kiwi开着嘟嘟车在拥挤的交通中间穿行，毫不畏惧，由此说明Kiwi很自信。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The stream along the side of the road is almost bone dry and vegetation is rare across the fields.”沿着路边的小溪几乎干涸，田野的植被稀疏。可知，沿着农场的路边几乎是光秃秃的田野。故选C。
7．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In such conditions you would imagine life to be hard, but you wouldn't know it to see the warm smiles and hear the laughter of the residents at Samrong Orphanage.”在这样的条件下，你能想象到生活会很艰难，但你不会知道，会看到Samrong Orphanage居民温暖的笑容，听到他们的笑声；以及最后一段中的“Compared to children in the Western World they have little and yet they give so much in generosity of spirit and enthusiasm for every day.”与西方世界的孩子相比，他们几乎没有什么，但他们每天都在慷慨地奉献精神和热情。可知，作者提到孩子们在贫穷的环境中仍然快乐，笑声不断，精神上慷慨富足，体现出孩子们对待生活的热情。故选A。
【答案】8．C
9．A
10．A
11．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；议论文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者讨论了生活是否公平以及是否应该公平的问题。作者认为，无论生活中遇到什么样的挑战，我们都应该勇敢面对，而不是一味指望公平来解决所有问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“We have little choice early in life. ”我们在人生的初期几乎没有选择。说明人生的初期没有选择，相对而言，人生的后期就有了选择，从而推知“But as we grow older, choices abound.”的意思是：但随着年龄的增长，我们的选择有很多。可推知abound应为“有了（选择），有更多（的选择）”的意思，故选C。
9．考查推理判断。根据第二段中中的“I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life, the majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain.”我一直相信，虽然我们无法控制生命的开始，但我们大多数人都有能力影响我们所取得的结果。可知，作者认为我们大多数人都能影响我们所取得的结果。故选A。
10．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Regardless of the challenges they faced, they had the character to choose contribution over complaint.”不管他们面临的挑战是什么，他们都有选择贡献而不是抱怨的品格。可知，文章的主要目的是要告诉人们要努力进取而不是抱怨。故选A。
11．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“It doesn't matter whether you are born with a silver spoon, plastic spoon, or no spoon at all. ”无论你是含着银汤匙，塑料汤匙，还是根本没有汤匙出生的都没关系；以及“Stories such as this are all around us-they are not miracles, nor are they the rare exception. They do, however, demonstrate blindness to the mindset of the fairness.”这样的故事在我们身边随处可见——它们不是奇迹，也不是罕见的例外。然而，他们却确实证明了他们对公平思维模式的无视。可知，本文用身边的事例阐述了人生中没有绝对的公平，但我们要勇敢面对不公平的道理。故选B。
【答案】12．C
13．C
14．D
15．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了门口效应以及其产生的原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Have you ever walked through a door and thought to yourself, ‘What was I going to do ' If you have, you are not alone. Psychologists believe that walking through a door and entering another room creates a ‘mental block' in the brain. This is generally referred to as the doorway effect.”你有没有穿过一扇门，心中在想：“我是要去干什么？”如果你有，你并不孤单。心理学家认为，穿过一扇门进入另一个房间会在大脑中造成“精神障碍”。这通常被称为门口效应。可知，进入一个房间忘记自己要做的事情被称作门口效应。故选C。
13．考查推理判断。根据第二段“In the early years of brain research, scientists thought that human memory was like a closet, with many sections in which we could store little boxes of experiences from our lives. Boxes would remain there forever, and whenever we had to look into them, we could just go to that particular section and find that box of memory.”在早期的大脑研究中，科学家们认为人类的记忆就像一个壁橱，有很多区域，我们可以在其中存储我们生活中的经历。盒子会永远留在那里，每当我们需要查看它们的时候，我们就可以去那个特定的区域，找到那个记忆盒子；以及第三段“Beautiful as this description of human memory formation sounds, it is not true. Our brain is much more complex than that. Psychological studies suggest that our memories are episodic(情节性的)in general. If you think back on anything, you'll probably quickly realize our memories don't function as clear narratives. Instead, they're more episodic and divided into parts.”这个关于人类记忆形成的描述听起来很美，但它是不真实的。我们的大脑比这复杂的多。心理学研究表明，我们的记忆通常是情节性的。如果你回想什么事情，你可能很快就会意识到我们的记忆并不是清晰的叙事。相反，它们更有情节性，被分成了多个部分。可知，并不是所有的记忆都是可以在大脑中找到的。故选C。
14．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的" He also points out that a busy and perhaps overloaded brain does seem to play some part in this phenomenon. ” 他还指出，一个忙碌且可能超负荷的大脑似乎确实在这种现象中发挥了一些作用，可知，超负荷的大脑会增加门口效应的可能性。故选D。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“The good news is that experiencing such forgettable episodes after entering another room does not tell you anything about your memory and intelligence. So when you enter a room and suddenly forget why you are there, you should not think that Alzheimer's disease is creeping up on you!”好消息是，在进入另一个房间后经历这种遗忘的插曲不会告诉你任何关于你的记忆力和智力的事情。所以，当你走进一个房间，突然忘记了自己为什么在那里时，你不应该认为阿尔茨海默病正在悄悄靠近你！可知出现门口效应并不表示记忆力或智力出现问题，没有什么影响。故选A。
【答案】16．G；17．D；18．B；19．A；20．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了防止拥挤踩踏的一些方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“This may leave some people thinking there's little you can do to survive a stampede.”这可能会让一些人认为你几乎无法在踩踏事件中幸存下来。可知，设空处应承接上句说明这种局面所导致的结果，G. Indeed, it's a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape“的确，这种局面很骇人，形势有可能让人难以逃脱”符合语境。故选G。
17．根据空前“The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location.”在人群中保持安全的关键是从你到达地点开始的。可知，设空处应为最关键是留意最近的出口在哪里。D. Namely, he advises people to take note of where the nearest exits are“也就是说，他建议人们留意最近的出口在哪里”中“he”与上一句的“Randy Atlas”相呼应。故选D。
18．根据空前“your instinct (本能) may be to fight back and push the opposite way”你的本能可能是反击并向相反的方向推进；以及空后“If you go against the flow, you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down”如果你逆潮流而动，你被绊倒和撞倒的几率就会增加。可知，你本能做出的行为可能是错的，B. But that could be a big mistake,Atlas warns“Atlas警告说这样做可能是错误的”符合语境。故选B。
19．根据空后“Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall. Other places to duck; behind a car or even a lamp post.”找一个坚实的结构站在后面，如柱子或墙。其他地方可以躲避；躲在汽车后面，甚至是灯柱后面。可知，空出提出应该保护自己。A. Another potential way is to shelter yourself“另一种可能的方法是保护自己”概括本段内容，符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空前“But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you, almost in a boxer-like position. That could give you some very valuable breathing room—literally.”但有一种可能的方法可以避免这种情况，那就是将手臂放在身前，几乎像拳击手一样。这可能会给你一些非常宝贵的喘息空间。可知，空处应陈述这种行为看似简单，却非常有效。E. It's a simple pose, but surprisingly effective and possibly life-saving.“这是一个简单的姿势，但却出奇地有效，而且可能挽救生命”符合题意，pose呼应上文position，故选E。
【答案】21．D；22．A；23．B；24．C；25．A；26．A；27．D；28．C；29．B；30．C；31．A；32．B；33．D；34．A；35．B
【知识点】新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了在挪威首都街头进行的慈善实验——拍摄人们对一个寒冬中没有外套的小男孩的反应。并说明此实验是一个慈善组织为帮助叙利亚难民筹集过冬衣物的行动的一部分。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：一个没有穿外套的男孩坐在公交车站的长椅上，在寒冷的冬日瑟瑟发抖。A. Thinking“思考”；B. Jumping“跳”；C. Sleeping“睡觉”；D. Trembling“发抖”。根据空前“Temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly drop to -10℃ during winter.”和空后“without wearing a coat,”可知，冬天很冷，男孩没有外套；由此可以推出男孩是在冬天里冷到发抖。故选D。
22．句意：这是一个令人心碎的场景，但普通人目睹11岁的男孩陷入困境行为，让乔安娜既快乐又鼓舞人心。A. heartbreaking“令人心碎的”；B. effort-making“努力的”；C. breathtaking“令人惊叹的”；D. history-making“创造历史的”。根据上文，男孩在零下十度的冬天在一个公交车站边冷到发抖，是一个令人难过、心碎的场景。故选A。
23．句意：这是一个令人心碎的场景，但普通人目睹11岁的男孩陷入困境行为，让乔安娜既快乐又鼓舞人心。A. bravery“勇敢”；B. dilemma“两难境地”；C. anxiety“焦虑”；D. adventure“冒险”。根据下文“he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.”可判断，他没有外套，很冷，但又要等老师不能离开。此处表示普通人目睹这一两难的窘境。故选B。
24．句意：她马上问他：“你没有夹克吗？”A. schoolbag“书包”；B. companion“陪伴”；C. jacket“外套”；D. parent“父母”。根据上文“ 1 in the harsh winter without wearing a coat,”和下文“‘No, someone stole it,' he replied.”可知，女人问的是男孩有没有外套，故选C。
25．句意：她询问后得知，他是要去学校，有人告诉他在公交车站等他的老师。A. inquired“询问”；B. explored“探索”；C. assessed“评估”；D. confirmed“确认”。根据空后“and learned he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.”可知，女人得到了一些男孩的信息，可推出，女人是问了男孩一些问题；并且下文“She asked him the name of his school and where he was from as she 6 draped her own coat around his shoulders.”中ask和A项inquire询问为同义词替换。故选A。
26．句意：她问他学校的名字，从哪里来，同时同情地把自己的外套搭在他肩上。A. sympathetically“同情地”；B. pretendingly“假装地”；C. tiredly“累地”；D. casually“随意地”。结合常识可知，天气寒冷，年轻女子不顾自己受冻给男孩披上外套，是富有同情心的行为。故选A。
27．句意：后来，另一个女人把自己的围巾给了他，然后把他裹在自己的大大衣里。A. carried“带上”；B. bound“捆绑”；C. placed“放置”；D. wrapped“包住”。根据空后“in her large overcoat”判断，对于男孩来说，女人的衣服非常大，所以此处是很形象地形容女人将他裹在大衣里面。故选D。
28．句意：一整天，越来越多的人在等车的时候主动给他手套，甚至脱下身上的外套。A. attempted“试图”；B. desired“想要”；C. offered“提供”；D. chanced“碰巧做”。根据上文“both joyous and inspiring.”作者形容这一情境为“鼓舞人心的”可推测，越来越多的人都自发的、主动给小男孩提供自己的衣物。故选C。
29．句意：实际上，乔安娜的经历是挪威慈善机构SOS儿童村的一次实验。A. Interestingly“有趣的是”；B. Actually“实际上”；C. Amazingly“惊奇的是”；D. Naturally“自然而然地”。根据空后的“Johanne's experience was an experiment”可知，他的经历实际上是一个实验。故选B。
30．句意：由一个隐藏的摄像机拍摄，这是他们冬季活动的一部分，目的是筹集急需的外套和毯子，帮助叙利亚儿童过冬。A. potential“可能的”；B. public“公开的”；C. hidden“藏起来的”；D. mobile“移动的”。结合常识可知，社会实验一般都是在被拍摄人不知情的情况下，用隐藏式摄像机拍摄的。故选C。
31．句意：这是他们冬季活动的一部分，目的是筹集急需的外套和毯子，帮助叙利亚儿童过冬。A. donations“捐赠物”；B. suggestions“建议”；C. demands“命令”；D. funds“资金”。根据空后的“of much-needed coats and blankets”可知，收集的是急需的外套和毛毯等捐赠物。故选A。
32．句意：许多难民离家时都没有冬装。A. despite“尽管”；B. without“没有”；C. in“在……里面”；D. for“为了”。结合常识可知，很多难民在没有冬衣的情形下就因为战争等因素被迫离开了家乡，所以才需要社会募捐衣物。故选B。
33．句意：人们应该像关心这个男孩一样，关注叙利亚的儿童。A. curious“好奇的”；B. confused“疑惑的”；C. particular“特别的”；D. concerned“担心的”。根据上文可知，路人纷纷主动给男孩提供衣物，所以肯定是关心这个男孩。故选D。
34．句意：她还指出，孩子是一名志愿者，在拍摄过程中没有任何危险。A. noted“提出，指出”；B. predicted“预测”；C. quoted“引用”；D. believed“相信”。根据上文“People should care as much about children in Syria as they are concerned about this boy,”可知，Synne Ronning是在说明一些关于这个社会实验的情况，空前有also表示“同样、也”，所以空处也需要填和“说明”近义或同义的词。故选A。
35．句意：她还指出，孩子是一名志愿者，在拍摄过程中没有任何危险。A. cheating“欺骗”；B. filming“拍摄”；C. walking“走路”；D. training“训练”。根据上文可知，此处指这个孩子在拍摄这个社会实验的过程中是安全的。故选B。
【答案】36．admission；37．accessible；38．a；39．hands；40．and；41．than；42．wins；43．his；44．that /which；45．to
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一位刚被大学录取的身残志坚的少年。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，形容词，冠词，连词，时态，主谓一致，代词，定语从句，介词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：7月26日，焦虑的18岁的彭兰溪收到了湖南科技大学的录取通知书，这让他的梦想更加接近，他的梦想是让假肢更先进，更容易被像他这样的人使用。此处名词作定语，修饰后面的名词letter。admission letter“录取通知书”。故填admission。
37．句意：7月26日，焦虑的18岁的彭兰溪收到了湖南科技大学的录取通知书，这让他的梦想更加接近，他的梦想是让假肢更先进，更容易被像他这样的人使用。此处形容词，和前面的形容词advanced并列作宾补，sth. be accessible to sb.“某物易于让某人所得(所用)”，故填accessible。
38．句意：彭在2005年的一场车祸中失去了双腿，导致他无法活动。此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，故填a。
39．句意：多年来，他学会了只用手走路，现在他和周围的青少年一样享受生活。此处名词作宾语，结合语境应用复数形式，故填hands。
40．句意：他坐在轮椅上打篮球和羽毛球，“我相信障碍是需要克服的。有人说生活就像一面镜子，当我们对它微笑时，我们会得到最好的结果，”彭说。 basketball和badminton并列关系，故填and。
41．句意：到目前为止，他的故事已经被观看了1900多万次，在社交媒体平台新浪微博上疯传，他的勇气、决心和努力赢得了用户的钦佩。more than固定短语，“多于”，故填 than 。
42．句意：到目前为止，他的故事已经被观看了1900多万次，在社交媒体平台新浪微博上疯传，他的勇气、决心和努力赢得了用户的钦佩。此处是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，主语是he，故填wins。
43．句意：该大学信息与电气工程学院院长卢明表示，该学院将帮助彭于晏实现他的梦想——成为一名假肢工程师，这一职业将随着时间的推移改变人们的生活。c此处形容词性物主代词，作定语，故填 his。
44．句意：该大学信息与电气工程学院院长卢明表示，该学院将帮助彭于晏实现他的梦想——成为一名假肢工程师，这一职业将随着时间的推移改变人们的生活。 will in time change lives 是限制性定语从句， 先行词是 a career ，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 that /which，故填 that /which 。
45．句意：根据中国残疾人协会的数据，去年有14559名面临身体挑战的学生进入了大学。according to 固定短语，“根据”，故填to。
46．【答案】Be a Lifelong Learner
The report by the 20th CPC National Congress has pointed out we are living in a remarkable time which is calling us to break new ground and display full talents. How to achieve our greatest potential Here is the answer: be a lifelong learner.
Lifelong learning is the best education. For one thing, our times are changing in ways like never before. To better cope with them, we are supposed to embrace new technology and learn new knowledge. For another, learning is a good way to remain vigorous and stay young. Above all, it helps us to be adapting to changes. There are various ways to achieve lifelong learning. Post-school training, online courses and interest groups are all available in our time.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一篇题为"Be a Lifelong Learner" 的演讲稿。写作背景：党的二十大(the 20th CPC National Congress)报告指出，要建设全民终身学习的学习型社会和学习型大国。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）终身学习的重要性；2）如何终身学习。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：The report by the 20th CPC National Congress has pointed out we are living in a remarkable time which is calling us to break new ground and display full talents. 运用了宾语从句，限制性定语从句，Here is the answer: be a lifelong learner.运用了倒装句；To better cope with them, we are supposed to embrace new technology and learn new knowledge.运用了不定式作目的状语；There are various ways to achieve lifelong learning.运用了there be句式。
47．【答案】 There was no disturbance by Mack for a long time, which drew his mother's attention. He was much quieter than usual, and his unusual quietness made her have the sense that something went wrong. She went to Mack's room and stared in great surprise when she discovered a painting on his school uniform. Mack got nervous because of his mother's sudden arrival. Not knowing how to explain the painted uniform to her, he lowered his head and started sobbing.
"It's OK," said the mother. She didn't scold Mack. Instead, she walked away and came back with a gift for Mack — his dream soccer uniform. He screamed out of joy." We hoped for patience. It requires a lot of patience as well as efforts to achieve something in life," said Mom." Anyway, you have devoted your efforts, and if you had obeyed us, we wouldn't have found your painting talent." "Thank you, Mom. I love you," said Mack happily.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者的姐姐告诉作者世界上没有圣诞老人，作者逃到奶奶那里想要听奶奶说实话，结果奶奶把作者带到一个商店，给了作者10美元，让作者给有需要的人买东西，于是作者给班里坐在自己后面的Bobby Decker买了一件红色的外套。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“那天晚上，奶奶帮我用圣诞包装纸把外套包好。”可知，第一段可描写作者和奶奶去给Bobby Decker送外套的经过。②由第二段首句内容“奶奶和我气喘吁吁地等着Bobby Decker的前门打开。”可知，第二段可描写Bobby Decker收到外套后的反应，以及这件事后作者的内心活动，作者为自己的所作所为感到非常自豪，决定永远做圣诞老人的帮手。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：He was much quieter than usual, and his unusual quietness made her have the sense that something went wrong.运用了并列句，同位语从句； She went to Mack's room and stared in great surprise when she discovered a painting on his school uniform. 运用了时间状语从句； Not knowing how to explain the painted uniform to her, he lowered his head and started sobbing.运用了现在分词作状语，“疑问词+不定式"作宾语； Anyway, you have devoted your efforts, and if you had obeyed us, we wouldn't have found your painting talent.运用了并列句，条件状语从句，虚拟语气。
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