资源简介

北京市海淀区
2020-2022年中考英语一模试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2022年北京市海淀区中考一模英语试卷
三、阅读单选
You change into your pajamas, turn off the lights, and get yourself ready to sleep. How do you prefer to sleep, on the back or on your side Here are some interesting sleeping positions.
Starfish Starfish is when you lie on your back and sleep with your arms lifted up near your head. According to studies, only 5% of people sleep like this. It often causes lower back pain. You can place a pillow（枕头）under your knees if you have lower back pain. You will feel more comfortable this way.
Soldier Position This sleeping position is kind of strange, but very common. It’s when you sleep on your back with your arms down and very close to your body. Studies have shown that people who sleep like this may be quieter. It is actually a good sleeping position, as it helps keep your spine (脊柱) in a straight line.
Sleeping on Your Belly Do you like to sleep on your belly, but experience problems oftentimes The position might not help you. It can make your neck uncomfortable. But if this is how you like to sleep, you might consider using a very soft cooling pillow to keep your neck comfortable.
Freefall If this sleeping position is not familiar to you, you should know that at least 7% of the world’s population sleep that way. In this position, you have your hands on or around your pillow, with your head turned to one side. But it may create a twist (扭伤) in the neck. Some studies suggest that generally you’re a social person if you like to sleep in this position.
21．Which sleeping position often causes lower back pain A．Starfish. B．Soldier Position. C．Sleeping on Your Belly. D．Freefall.
22．Sleeping in the soldier position helps ________.
A．you fall asleep quickly B．keep your spine in a straight line
C．you breathe easily D．treat the pain in your neck
23．If Tom likes to sleep in the freefall position, he might be ________.
A．social B．quiet C．honest D．careful
Jeremiah’s Mistake
Jeremiah hurried into the kitchen and washed his hands. He had exactly one hour until his father got home. He wasn’t used to starting dinner this early. On his nights to cook, Jeremiah generally got dinner ready in fifteen minutes. But Dad always praised Jeremiah’s meals, no matter how simple they were. “Delicious!” he would say. But Jeremiah knew Dad liked more complicated (复杂的) dishes, because on Dad’s nights to cook, he used a ton of ingredients. Dad was a natural cook. Not Jeremiah-at least, not until tonight.
It was Dad’s birthday, and for once in his life, Jeremiah was cooking something complicated: spaghetti with homemade sauce (酱). He’d eaten it a million times, so he knew most of the ingredients. “Tomatoes, onions, garlic, beef,” he thought, looking through the fridge. They had everything except the beef. No problem—they’d go vegetarian tonight.
Jeremiah cut up the vegetables with Dad’s special knife and put them into the pot. Then he turned to Dad’s spice(香料) collection. He picked a few familiar ones and put them in. The pleasing smell of fresh tomatoes amazed him. He tasted it just as Dad usually did. It was terrible! Way too spicy. Aha! A lime would cool things down. He added in as much lime juice as he could. One more taste. Ugh. It was awful! Now the sauce was sour and spicy.
He left the kitchen and went into his room. He could at least order pizza, so Dad wouldn’t have to stay hungry on his own birthday. As he counted his money, he heard the front door open.
“Hi, Jeremiah!” Dad called.
“Coming.”
Jeremiah returned to the kitchen, where he found Dad digging through the food cupboard. “I’m buying pizza,” Jeremiah said. “It’s not much of a birthday dinner...”
Dad turned, holding a bag of chips and a bowl of Jeremiah’s spaghetti sauce. “We don’t need pizza!” Dad smiled. “This delicious salsa(萨尔萨辣酱) is a meal in itself!”
24．Why did Jeremiah decide to cook something complicated
A．Because it was his dad’s birthday. B．Because his dad told him to do so.
C．Because he arrived home early. D．Because he was a natural cook.
25．Jeremiah thought the sauce he made was ________.
A．neither sour nor spicy enough B．different from what he had expected
C．simple but healthy D．as delicious as he had imagined
26．What can we learn about Jeremiah’s father
A．He takes his job seriously. B．He is creative and strict.
C．He expects his son to be skillful. D．He is loving and encouraging.
Why Do Top Athletes Choke Under Pressure
According to classic economic theory, the higher the reward, the better the expected performance. As a result, we could expect the best performance at the most important moments. But why do we so often see the most talented and experienced athletes perform much worse than expected in important competitions like the Olympics
Why the Drop in Performance
It is not necessarily true that there’s a direct relationship between incentives (激励) and achievement. Research has shown that increased motivation (动机) beyond a certain level harms an athlete’s performance. We call this phenomenon “choking under pressure”. Greater incentives may lead to higher levels of arousal (兴奋). The relationship between performance and arousal looks like an inverted U shape (倒U形), meaning that performance is the best at certain levels of arousal and drops with over-arousal.
The desire to perform as well as possible is thought to create performance pressure. Many studies have shown increased pressure has a bad effect on athletes’ performance in skill-based games. When people overthink or consciously monitor each step, the drop in performance happens.
2
Beyond the pressure coming from the important competitions, another thing that may add pressure is the level of expectations. An experiment suggested high audience expectations harm performance in a skill-based task. For example, one of the most famous biathletes in history, Martin Fourcade, said it was very emotional for him to compete in his home country and also much harder than competing abroad because of greater expectations.
We tested this home disadvantage by using data from biathlon (冬季两项) competitions over 17 years. We have found the most titled athletes miss a lot more shots when competing in their home country compared to when they compete abroad. The most reasonable explanation likely relates to the level of expectations from the homeland.
How to Deal with It
There are several ways to reduce stress, such as a countdown or taking a deep breath before the task. But the base for any solution is to realize that stress affects performance. Choking under pressure can happen to the best athletes and it’s not a shame to admit it. The more athletes know about the effect pressure can have on them, the more likely they are to succeed at the highest level.
27．What can we learn from “choking under pressure”
A．The higher the reward, the better the expected performance.
B．Better achievement in games results from a drop in pressure.
C．Arousal beyond a certain level harms an athlete’s performance.
D．Athletes’ performance in games has something to do with their training.
28．Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4 and 5
A．Pressure as a Key to Improving Performance.
B．Pressure as a Push for Becoming Top-level Athletes.
C．High Expectations as a Cause of Choking Under Pressure.
D．High Expectations as an Incentive to Compete in the Home Country.
29．To deal with pressure, the athletes should first ________.
A．avoid the possible feelings of pressure
B．share their worries with friends and coaches
C．try their best to succeed at the highest level
D．recognize the effect of stress on performance
Nowadays, the online world is nearly as important as the real one. It is not uncommon to see the whole Internet bands together to “cancel” someone after they make a mistake, which is called Cancel Culture. It can result in a person, if famous, losing fans and having to face attacks online. Even a normal person faces risks of losing their jobs or personal relationships. While stepping foot on any social media platform, everyone including young children can fall victim to it.
Cancel Culture is a lose-lose situation. The person being canceled has to stand the negative effects of the Internet, and the people doing the canceling are contributing to (促成) the mindset that it’s okay to do this to people they don’t know. Young kids may not understand or contribute completely to Cancel Culture, but by simply being on the Internet, they can see it firsthand, affecting their real lives. A New York Metro Parents article describes one girl who was canceled in school the same way people are canceled on the Internet, and her friends wouldn’t even talk to or look at her.
Dr. Pam Rultledge, a media psychologist, explains in her blog post that Cancel Culture discourages kids from expressing their opinions and standing up for others. It’s always an “us against them” mindset; anyone agreeing with the person being canceled is at risk of being left out online too.
So again I ask, what is this teaching our kids That they aren’t allowed to make mistakes That they have to be perfect This may be the current narrative, but it shouldn’t be. Everyone messes up at some point, especially young children. They shouldn’t be publicly punished for it and not given the chance to change people’s minds. Forgiveness is an important skill kids need to learn, and Cancel Culture is encouraging the opposite.
One small mistake doesn’t make someone a bad person, but Cancel Culture makes them feel as if they are. Cancel Culture doesn’t have to exist. We make it exist. And just as easily, we can make it disappear by contributing to an online world full of praise and love.
30．The underlined words “fall victim to” in Paragraph 1 probably mean “________”.
A．be attracted to B．get used to C．be shocked by D．get hurt by
31．Why does the writer mention the New York Metro Parents article in Paragraph 2
A．To explain why Cancel Culture does harm to children’s friendships.
B．To stress the importance of close relationships with friends for students.
C．To show how Cancel Culture has exercised influence on kids’ real lives.
D．To suggest possible ways of changing the habit of overusing the Internet.
32．In Cancel Culture, a person who makes mistakes will be ________.
A．comforted with great patience B．left out and publicly punished
C．taught how to correct the mistakes D．blocked from using the Internet again
33．By saying “This may be the current narrative, but it shouldn’t be” in Paragraph 4,the writer wants to express that Cancel Culture ________.
A．is easy to change B．has a two-sided nature
C．is supposed to be canceled D．stops mistakes from being repeated
2021年北京市海淀区中考一模英语试卷
What’s Your Favorite Bookstore
Four students are talking about their favorite bookstores in the city.
11 Fuzhou Road Foreign Language Bookstore Foreign Language Bookstore is my favorite bookstore. This three- story bookstore on Fuzhou Road has a lot of novels, textbooks, travel guides, magazines and so on. There are a large number of very cheap classics. Most of the books are in English, but I also have many good choices of Japanese, French and German books. Holly
36 Shanxi Nan Road Book Traders Bookstore Book Traders Bookstore is my favorite place in town! It’s pretty tiny, but it’s well worth visiting! It’s a good place for book lovers to buy cheap English-language magazines. It also sells lots of secondhand books including modern novels and travel diaries. Sometimes I can get a good deal at 5 yuan! Jerry
Lane 32 Tianping Road Mix Paper My favorite bookstore is Mix Paper. Mix Paper is a good choice! Full of popular types, the two-story store has a lot of books on art and literature. The first floor offers literature both in Chinese and in English, while the second floor homes art, design, and photography titles. Whatever I am looking for, I can find it here! Rick
25 Changle Road Garden Books I always go to Garden Books to search for interesting books. It sells the best classics of Chinese literature in translation, and offers a wide variety of modern literature and international bestsellers. I like it best because I can find all kinds of children’s books there. Besides, the store holds talks every weekend, which is really fun! Carmen
21．Foreign Language Bookstore is on ________.
A．25 Changle Road B．11 Fuzhou Road C．36 Shanxi Nan Road D．Lane 32 Tianping Road
22．If you want to buy secondhand books, which bookstore is the best choice
A．Garden Books. B．Foreign Language Bookstore. C．Mix Paper. D．Book Traders Bookstore.
23．Carmen likes Garden Books best because ________.
A．she can get books at a low price B．it has a lot of novels and textbooks
C．she can find all kinds of children’s books there D．it offers literature in both Chinese and English
My Dad, a Superhero
When I was only seven, my family took a road trip to San Francisco. My father was driving our family car along the highway. The rain was pouring down so heavily that each drop of rain felt as if it were going to break the windshield (挡风玻璃).
I wasn’t scared. The downpour fascinated me. However, my brother, who is only one year younger than me, was annoying me with his unfriendly hits. I tried hard to stop him but failed. I could only complain to Mom and our sister about the fighting in the backseat, but it was useless.
My father, who was driving, knew the way to stop us from fighting. So he said, “Boys, do you know that I have learned magic ”
My brother and I stopped immediately. “What ”
My father replied, “Do you want me to show you some magic ”
I felt so excited that I jumped out of my seat. Even my brother was curious about what Dad was saying. It was every child’s dream to have a superhero father.
“I have the ability to stop the rain from falling. It’s only for short periods of time, so you have to pay close attention,” he said.
I was speechless. This seemed to be an impossible trick, even for a superhero. I could only stare at him through the rearview mirror (后视镜), wondering if the magic could really stop the rain.
“Are you ready ” he asked. “Yes!” we both answered.
“Okay. Let me collect my powers.” There was a short pause. “Okay. First, I have to say the magic words ‘Abra Cadabra’. Here we go ... Abra Cadabra!”
And just like that, for one second, the rain stopped! It was a miracle! I was shocked. My dad really was a superhero. How could I not have known For years, he must have hidden his magical weapons in the garage. I bet his old car was just a cover so that the bad guys wouldn’t know who he really was.
“Wow!” I said to my brother, who seemed to be just as amazed as I was. “Wow...” was all he could say, too.
Then our car drove under another overpass.
24．Who was fighting with the writer on the trip to San Francisco
A．His brother. B．His father. C．His mother. D．His sister.
25．When the father wanted to show some magic, the boys were ________.
A．relaxed and amazed B．excited and curious C．scared but surprised D．angry but worried
26．What might happen next according to the end of the story
A．The mother might be angry with the father.
B．The bad guys might know who the father really was.
C．The boys might know the truth of their father’s magic.
D．The family might find some magical weapons in the garage.
Sometimes the challenges of life can seem so big that it is hard to deal with them all. While some adults find comfort in talking with a friend or professional, many teens find relief (缓解) in the form of a simple journal.
Generally, journaling is to keep a diary or journal that explores thoughts and feelings about the events of your life. It allows people to gain valuable self-knowledge. It is also a good problem-solving tool. Oftentimes, one can find out a problem and come up with solutions more easily on paper. More importantly, as a stress management and self-exploration tool, journaling works best when you keep doing so, but even occasional (偶尔的) journaling can be stress-relieving.
To reduce pressure effectively, journaling can take several forms, and here are multiple choices that can work for you.
Gratitude Journal: To keep a daily gratitude journal, you can list three or more aspects of each day for which you are grateful. It helps you to focus on what you have in your life already and create a more positive mood at that moment. An added benefit is that if you are feeling down in the future, you can cheer yourself up with a few pages of the things you have to appreciate in life.
Emotional Release (释放): You may also write about your emotional responses to events that have happened throughout the day as a way of dealing with the stress. This is a great way to enlarge the positive and manage the negative things that happen in your life, increasing your positivity ratio (比率).
Bullet Journal: You can simply keep bullet journals to record what you need to do each day, goals you have, memories you create, and other things you do not want to forget. It keeps your mind clear and helps you remember what is important to you.
The journaling method you choose can depend on your needs at the time and your personality — just do what feels right. If you already have a favorite journaling habit, by all means, keep it up! But if you are new to journaling, remember — any day is a good day to get into the habit.
27．According to the writer, keeping a gratitude journal can help teens ________.
A．gain valuable knowledge of themselves B．explore the feelings and stories of others
C．focus on what they have in their life already D．communicate with friends more comfortably
28．What can we learn from the passage
A．You list things you plan to do in a bullet journal.
B．Occasional journaling doesn’t help to reduce stress.
C．Emotional release is the best way of dealing with stress.
D．You can’t choose journaling methods depending on your needs.
29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Journaling: Save Your Time B．Journaling: Relieve Your Stress
C．Journaling: Improve Your Writing D．Journaling: Explore Your Personality
A new research published in Nature Machine Intelligence suggests that teaching materials science, mechanical engineering, computer science, biology and chemistry as a combined discipline(综合学科) could help students develop the skills they need to create lifelike artificially intelligent(AI) robots as researchers.
Known as Physical AI, these robots will be designed to look and behave like humans or other animals. At the same time, they will own intelligence(智力) normally connected with biological organisms(生物有机体). These robots could in future help humans at work and in daily living, performing tasks that are dangerous for humans and helping with medicine, caregiving, security, building and industry.
However, today’s robots and biological beings exist separately and the intelligence of the two have not yet been combined. Co-lead author Professor Mirko Kovac said, “The development of robot ‘bodies’ has greatly fallen behind the development of robot ‘brains’. Unlike digital AI, which has been studied deeply in the last few decades, breathing physical intelligence into robots has remained relatively unexplored.”
The researchers say that the reason for this gap might be that no systematic educational method has yet been developed for teaching students and researchers to create robot bodies and brains combined as whole units.
This new research suggests a way of overcoming the gap by combining scientific disciplines to help future researchers create lifelike robots with abilities such as developing bodily control, autonomy and sensing at the same time.
Professor Kovac said, “We picture Physical AI robots being developed in the lab by using unusual materials and research methods. Cross-disciplinary cooperation and partnerships will be very important.”
The researchers also advise strengthening research activities in Physical AI by supporting teachers on both the institutional and community level. They suggest hiring and supporting university educators whose priority(重点) will be cross-disciplinary Physical AI research. “Creating lifelike robots has been an impossible task so far, but it could be made possible by including Physical AI in the high education system,” Kovac said.
We hope that the researchers’ work will encourage active discussion of the topic and will lead to combination of Physical AI disciplines in the educational mainstream. The researchers intend to carry out the Physical AI methodology in their research and education activities to help build human-robot ecosystems.
30．What do we know about Physical AI robots according to the passage
A．They have been able to help humans at work.
B．They will have human brains and animal bodies.
C．They have been designed to look and act like humans.
D．They will have intelligence connected with biological organisms.
31．What does the underlined words “this gap” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to
A．Biological beings have been paid enough attention to.
B．The robot “brains” have fallen behind the robot “bodies”.
C．Systematic educational method hasn’t been developed by now.
D．Physical AI hasn’t been well explored compared with digital AI.
32．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．intelligence is important in creating digital AI robots
B．development in digital AI can help produce smarter robots
C．unusual materials might be used to develop Physical AI robots
D．we have developed lifelike robots by having Physical AI in education
33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To show the difficulties of Physical AI development and the related solutions.
B．To call for combination of Physical AI disciplines in the education system.
C．To explain the reason why Physical intelligence has remained unexplored.
D．To encourage people to prepare for the age of Physical AI progress.
2020年北京市海淀区中考一模英语试卷
三、阅读单选
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. In the ancient days, they were important instructions for the farming production as well as people's daily lives. Here are four solar terms and some details about them.
Spring Equinox It starts around March 21st. During this time, swallows fly back to the north. It is also a good time for people to fly kites and eat spring vegetables.
Summer Solstice It begins around June 21st. To celebrate Summer Solstice, people often give colored fans to each other because fans can help them cool down.
Auturnn Equinox It starts around September 23rd. From Auturnn Equinox, most of the areas in China will enter the cool auturnn. It is a season for people to eat crabs and enjoy chrysanthemums(菊花)
Winter Solstice It begins around December 22nd. It marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year. People usually make and eat dumplings with their family members.
21．Spring Equinox begins around________.A．March 21st B．June 21st C．September 23rd D．December 22nd
22．To celebrate Summer Solstice, people________.
A．eat spring vegetables B．give each other colored fans
C．enjoy chrysanthemums D．make and eat dumplings
23．________marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year.
A．Spring Equinox B．Summer Solstice
C．Auturnn Equinox D．Winter Solstice
Katy's Book Report
It was Monday afternoon. Pointing to the blackboard, Mr. Hayes reminded, his students, "You should hand in your book report next Monday."
Katy said in a low voice, "I haven't started yet."
Tom looked surprised, "I've already finished reading mine."
"We still have a whole week," Katy said，"There's plenty of time. I will start reading it tonight right after the soccer practice.”
But Katy was too tired to read after the soccer practice. "I'll start the book tomorrow," she told herself.
Tuesday came. Katy watched TV for a few hours, and then worked on her coin collection until bedtime. "It's too late to read now," Katy decided. "Tomorrow, I'll start it for sure."
On Wednesday, Tom warned her not to leave things until the last minute. "It's not the last minute," Katy told him. "I still have four whole days left.”
Unfortunately, she had to clean up her messy room first. Then, she was too tired to read. So Katy put off starting her book until Thursday.
Katy finally began reading her book on Thursday. It was so hard that she had read only a few pages by bedtime.
On Friday night, Katy gave up watching her favorite video, for she had to read her book. Then on Saturday morning, she went on reading it.
"At least I have the whole weekend," she thought. However, she forgot her soccer game! So she lost several hours to read, which made her even more worried.
Katy read for the rest of Saturday, and she thought to herself, "I wish I'd started it earlier, like Tom!"
Katy finally finished reading her book on Sunday morning and stayed up writing her book report until, midnight.
She looked tired and nervous, thinking to herself, "I think this project has taught me an important lesson."
24．What did Mr. Hayes remind his students to work on
A．A video game. B．A soccer practice.
C．A book report. D．A coin collection.
25．How did Katy feel after the soccer game on Saturday
A．Bored. B．Worried. C．Shocked. D．Disappointed.
26．What lesson has Katy got from the project
A．She should read more books. B．She should learn more writing skills.
C．She shouldn't compare herself with others. D．She shouldn't leave her work to the last minute.
Different from common belief, blue light may not have a strong negative effect as people thought-according to the scientists from the University of Manchester.
It's known that our body clock measures brightness through melanopsin(黑素蛋白)，a specialized light sensitive protein in the eye. So there has been lots of interest in studying the influence of light on the body clock. Researchers changed the make-up of short and long wavelength light, which provided a small difference in brightness, as well as changes in color. Findings suggested blue light might be troublesome to our sleep patterns.
The new research, however, used a different method, since the changes in color may oppose the benefits from reducing the brightness signals detected(探测)by melanopsin. The team used specially designed lighting to change color without changing brightness.
Findings of the new research showed that blue colors produced weaker effects on the subjects' body clock than equally bright yellow colors. "Our recognition of color comes from the retinal cone cells(视网膜锥形细胞)，and the blue color signals they supply reduce the influence of light on the body clock," explained the lead researcher. "The research shows the common view that blue light has the strongest effect on the body clock is misguided.”
According to the team, using dim(昏暗的)，cooler lights in the evening and bright warmer lights during the day may be more beneficial to ensure healthy patterns of sleep. Twilight(暮光)is both dimmer and bluer than daylight and the body clock uses both of those features to decide on the proper times to be asleep and awake.
The findings have important suggestions for the design of lighting and visual displays which aim to promote people's sleep patterns. Present technologies are mostly designed to limit our evening exposure to blue light by changing the screen color of mobile devices. The technology, however, may send the body clock mixed messages. This is because the small changes in brightness they produce come along with colors that are commonly seen during the day. So there's more for the designers to take into consideration.
Setting our body clocks in line with our social and work schedules can be good for our health, and using color correctly could be a way to help us better achieve that.
27．The writer mentions different research methods in Paragraph 2 and 3 to________.
A．suggest how the data of the research should be collected
B．explain why the findings of the old research are reasonable
C．discuss possible ways of studying the influence of blue light
D．show the progress in the methods used in the studies of blue light
28．According to the new findings, what should the designers take into consideration
A．The changes in both colors and brightness.
B．The influence of the daylight on sleep patterns.
C．The suggestions on the proper use of mobile devices.
D．The balance between technologies and the body clock.
29．What can we learn from the new research
A．Blue light cannot he easily detected by the body clock.
B．Blue light has the weakest effect on people's body clock.
C．Blue light is not as harmful to their sleep patterns as people thought.
D．Blue light benefits people more in their sleep patterns than yellow light.
Sophia is smart, talented and incredibly nice. As a team leader, she wishes Nathan, a member of her history project, did his part as required. But rather than criticize him, Sophia offered polite encouragement trying to push him instead, only to find that Nathan kept falling behind. It ended up that other team members, who had to take on more work, complained about both Sophia and Nathan, while Nathan himself complained that he was not treated fairly.
How did poor Sophia get into this mess The primary reason was that Sophia failed in a key aspect of leadership- the duty to provide clear feedback(反馈)for team members. This isn't simply a duty but a correctness.
Failing to question or criticize Nathan's work, Sophia was in fact unkind. Many people are not a failure, like Nathan in this case; they're just in the wrong place, and still left in the dark. What they really need is feedback from their leaders. However, Sophia, in this case, withheld a gift from Nathan.
"You'd better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback," says Harry Kraemer, a professor of management and strategy at Northwestern University, "to help figure out someone's best fit- in their particular job or in the organization."
This approach also prevents surprises. It's not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn't have been caught off-guard because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance.
Then why is it so hard for leaders to give good feedback "We like to be liked," Kraemer says. So we avoid anything that may cause unpleasantness, but that kind of feedback usually helps members find the right place for them. "If you like to be liked, the chance of being respected is extremely low. However, if you start off focusing on being respected, you have a chance of being liked." Kraemer adds. The most difficult part for the leader, of course, involves criticizing someone. That is what a nice leader finds hard.
Back to Sophia's case. Not telling Nathan how he was on the team only made a hard situation worse. But with a different mindset, she could have set herself and Nathan up for success.
30．The expression "caught off-guard" in Paragraph 5 probably means"________"
A．kicked out carelessly B．treated unexpectedly
C．sent out unfairly D．guided effortlessly
31．The writer probably agrees that________.
A．being nice to team members is likely to win leaders great respect
B．criticizing team members results in serious complaints to the leader
C．open and honest communication is a must for leaders and team members
D．praise and encouragement from leaders bring out better team performance
32．According to the writer, what Sophia should do is________.
A．patiently encouraging Nathan to try his best
B．gradually having Nathan dropped out of the project
C．politely showing Nathan the improvement he made
D．clearly telling Nathan her judgment of his performance
33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．To be nice or to be kind B．To be liked or to be criticized
C．Is it necessary for leaders to be pleasing D．Is it helpful for leaders to be demanding
答案：
2022年北京市海淀区中考一模英语试卷
【答案】21．A
22．B
23．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了一些有趣的睡姿。
21．
细节理解题。根据Starfish中“You can place a pillow（枕头）under your knees if you have lower back pain.”可知海星型睡姿会导致下腰痛。故选A。
22．
细节理解题。根据Soldier Position中“It is actually a good sleeping position, as it helps keep your spine (脊柱) in a straight line.”可知军人型睡姿会帮助使你的脊柱笔直。故选B。
23．
细节理解题。根据Freefall中“Some studies suggest that generally you’re a social person if you like to sleep in this position.”可知自由下落睡姿的人是一个社交型的人。故选A。
【答案】24．A
25．B
26．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了Jeremiah想为父亲的生日做些复杂的食物，结果做出来的酱汁又酸又辣，不过父亲用他的鼓励和爱心化解了Jeremiah的失落。
24．
细节理解题。根据“It was Dad’s birthday, and for once in his life, Jeremiah was cooking something complicated.”可知，今天是爸爸的生日，Jeremiah打算做些复杂的食物，故选A。
25．
细节理解题。根据“He tasted it just as Dad usually did...Way too spicy...Now the sauce was sour and spicy”可知，制作的酱汁又酸又辣，与他所期望的不同，故选B。
26．
推理判断题。通过第一段“Dad always praised Jeremiah’s meals, no matter how simple they were”和最后一段可知，爸爸很会鼓励Jeremiah，用爱心化解了Jeremiah的失落，故选D。
【答案】27．C
28．C
29．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了为什么顶尖运动员在压力下会表现不好。
27．
细节理解题。根据“Research has shown that increased motivation (动机) beyond a certain level harms an athlete’s performance.”可知，研究表明，超过一定水平的动机增加会对运动员的表现产生不好的影响。故选C。
28．
推理判断题。根据4、5 段所阐述的主要是运动员们在高预期的情况下在比赛中发挥失误的例子。其实就是在告诉我们高预期是造成运动员很大压力，发挥失常的主要原因，故选C。
29．
细节理解题。根据“But the base for any solution is to realize that stress affects performance.”可知，解决问题的关键还是需要意识到压力会影响比赛的发挥，故选D。
【答案】30．D
31．C
32．B
33．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了什么是Cancel Culture，以及它所带来的影响和危害。
30．
词义推测题。根据“It can result in a person, if famous, losing fans and having to face attacks online. Even a normal person faces risks of losing their jobs or personal relationships”可知，此处解释人们受到的伤害，fall victim to与get hurt by同义，故选D。
31．
细节理解题。根据“Young kids may not understand or contribute completely to Cancel Culture, but by simply being on the Internet, they can see it firsthand, affecting their real lives”可知，作者提及“New York Metro Parents”是为了说明Cancel Culture对孩子们实际生活中的影响，故选C。
32．
细节理解题。根据“anyone agreeing with the person being canceled is at risk of being left out online too.”以及“They shouldn’t be publicly punished for it and not given the chance to change people’s minds.”可知，一个犯错误的人会被排除在外并受到公开的惩罚，故选B。
33．
推理判断题。结合上下文并根据最后一段第二句“Cancel Culture doesn’t have to exist”可知，作者认为Cancel Culture不应该存在，应该被取消，故选C。
2021年北京市海淀区中考一模英语试卷
【答案】
21．B 22．D 23．C
【解析】
21．
细节理解题。根据Foreign Language Bookstore中所对应的信息“11 Fuzhou Road”，可知Foreign Language Bookstore在福州路11号，故选B。
22．
细节理解题。根据Book Traders Bookstore中所对应的信息“It also sells lots of secondhand books including modern novels and travel diaries.”可知，如果你想买二手书，Book Traders Bookstore是最好的选择，故选D。
23．
细节理解题。根据Garden Books中所对应的信息“I like it best because I can find all kinds of children’s books there.”可知，Carmen最喜欢Garden Books，是因为她可以在那里找到各种各样的儿童书籍，故选C。
【答案】
24．A 25．B 26．C
【解析】
24．
细节理解题。根据“However, my brother…I tried hard to stop him but failed. I could only complain to Mom and our sister about the fighting in the backseat”可知，作者和他的弟弟打架，故选A。
25．
细节理解题。根据“I felt so excited that I jumped out of my seat. Even my brother was curious about what Dad was saying.”可知，当爸爸要变魔法的时候，作者很兴奋，他的弟弟很好奇，故选B。
26．
推理判断题。根据“Then our car drove under another overpass.”可知，是因为父亲的车开到了高架桥下面，雨被挡住了，所以才会出现父亲所谓的魔法，现在车子又开到另一座高架桥下，孩子们最后应该会明白雨为什么会停顿，会知道他们父亲魔法的真相。故选C。
【答案】
27．C 28．A 29．B
【解析】
27．
细节理解题。根据“It helps you to focus on what you have in your life already and create a more positive mood at that moment.”可知，感恩日记可以帮助青少年专注于生活中已经有的东西，并在那一刻创造一个更积极的情绪。故选C。
28．
细节理解题。根据“You can simply keep bullet journals to record what you need to do each day, goals you have, memories you create, and other things you do not want to forget.”可知，可以通过子弹日记简单地记下你每天需要做的事情，你的目标，你创造的记忆，以及其他你不想忘记的事情。故选A。
29．
最佳标题题。根据“many teens find relief (缓解) in the form of a simple journal.”以及“To reduce pressure effectively, journaling can take several forms, and here are multiple choices that can work for you.”以及整个文章的理解可知，为了有效地减轻压力，写日记是缓解压力的一种有效的方式，故选B。
【答案】
30．D 31．D 32．C 33．B
【解析】
30．
细节理解题。根据原文“they will own intelligence normally connected with biological organisms”可知，物理人工智能机器人将拥有与生物相关的智力。故选D。
31．
词句猜测题。根据上文“Unlike digital AI, which has been studied deeply in the last few decades, breathing physical intelligence into robots has remained relatively unexplored”可知，this gap此处指的是上文提到的“与数字人工智能相比，物理人工智能还没有得到很好的探索”。故选D。
32．
推理判断题。根据原文“We picture Physical AI robots being developed in the lab by using unusual materials and research methods”可知，科学家描绘出了实验室里用不寻常的材料和研究方法开发物理人工智能机器人的前景，故可推断，不寻常的材料可能会被用于开发物理人工智能机器人。故选C。
33．
推理判断题。根据原文“We hope that the researchers’ work will encourage active discussion of the topic and will lead to combination of Physical AI disciplines in the educational mainstream”可知，作者写此文的目的是呼吁将物理人工智能学科整合到教育主流中。故选B。
2020年北京市海淀区中考一模英语试卷
21．A 22．B 23．D
【分析】文章介绍了中国传统农历把一年分为24个节气。在古代，它们是农业生产和人们日常生活的重要指示。文中具体介绍了四个节气：春分、夏至、秋分和冬至的一些详细情况。
21．细节理解题。根据文中的Spring Equinox，It starts around March 21st. 春分，大约从3月21日开始。可知是从3月21日开始，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据文中To celebrate Summer Solstice, people often give colored fans to each other because fans can help them cool down. 为了庆祝夏至，人们经常给对方送彩色扇子，因为扇子可以帮助他们降温。可知热门互送彩扇来庆祝夏至，故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据文中Winter Solstice，It begins around December 22nd. It marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year. 冬至，大约12月22日开始。它标志着一年中最冷季节的到来。可知冬至的到来标志着一年中最冷的季节的到来，故选D。
24．C 25．B 26．D
【分析】文章通过讲述Katy写读书报告拖拖拉拉直到最后一刻才完成读书报告的事情，她得到了一个“做事不能拖拉”的教训，同时也告诫我们要养成“今日事今日毕”的习惯，避免拖拉。
24．细节理解题。根据文中Pointing to the blackboard, Mr. Hayes reminded, his students, “You should hand in your book report next Monday.” 海斯老师指着黑板，提醒他的学生们：“下周一你应该交读书报告。”可知老师提醒学生要交读书报告，故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文中However, she forgot her soccer game! So she lost several hours to read, which made her even more worried. 但是，她忘记了她的足球比赛！所以她失去了几个小时的阅读时间，这让她更加担心。可知周日的比赛之后他更加担心了，故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据文中Katy read for the rest of Saturday, and she thought to herself, “I wish I’d started it earlier, like Tom!” Katy finally finished reading her book on Sunday morning and stayed up writing her book report until, midnight. She looked tired and nervous, thinking to herself, “I think this project has taught me an important lesson.” 凯蒂在周六剩下的时间里都在看书，她心里想，“我希望我能像汤姆一样早点开始读！”凯蒂终于在周日早上读完了她的书，直到午夜才写读书报告。她看上去又累又紧张，自言自语道：“我认为这个课题给了我一个重要的教训。”可知，从这件事情让她意识到再也不会把工作留到最后一刻了。故选D。
27．D 28．A 29．C
【分析】文章主要介绍了一般人认为蓝光会对人们产生强烈的负面影响，但是一系列的研究结果来验证这个结论是错误的，蓝光对人们的生物钟的影响并不是人们认为的那样。
27．推理判断题。根据文中第二第三段的理解可知，尤其是文中Researchers changed the make-up of short and long wavelength light, … The team used specially designed lighting to change color without changing brightness.可知，这里主要是展示蓝光研究方法的进展，故选D。
28．推理判断题。根据文中Findings of the new research showed that blue colors produced weaker effects on the subjects' body clock than equally bright yellow colors. 新的研究发现，蓝色对受试者的生物钟产生的影响比同样明亮的黄色弱。可知设计师应该考虑颜色和亮度的变化，故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解及文章的开头Different from common belief, blue light may not have a strong negative effect as people thought-according to the scientists from the University of Manchester. 曼彻斯特大学的科学家们认为，不同于一般人的看法，蓝光可能不会像人们想象的那样产生强烈的负面影响。以及The research shows the common view that blue light has the strongest effect on the body clock is misguided.研究表明，人们普遍认为蓝光对生物钟的影响最大，这种观点是错误的。可知蓝光对他们的睡眠模式没有人们想象的那么有害。故选C。
30．B 31．C 32．D 33．A
【分析】文章通过索菲亚和内森的故事告诉人们做一个好领导是要给团队成员一个开放、诚实、持续和清晰的反馈，这可能会导致不愉快的事情，但这种反馈通常有助于成员找到适合他们的地方。
30．词义猜测题。根据文中It’s not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn’t have been caught off-guard这种方法也可以防止意外。看到有人突然从一个队中被除名并不少见。他们也许应该得到这样的待遇，但如果有一个善良的领导，他们就不会措手不及。可知这里的是caught-off-guard指的是被意外处理，故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据文中However, Sophia, in this case, withheld a gift from Nathan. “You’d better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback,” says Harry Kraemer, a professor of management and strategy at Northwestern University, “to help figure out someone’s best fit- in their particular job or in the organization.” 然而，索菲亚，在这件事上，拒绝了内森的礼物。“你最好使用开放、诚实、持续和清晰的反馈，”西北大学管理与战略教授哈里·克莱默（Harry Kraemer）说，“帮助找出某人最适合的工作或组织。”以及文中Back to Sophia’s case. Not telling Nathan how he was on the team only made a hard situation worse. But with a different mindset, she could have set herself and Nathan up for success. 回到索菲亚的案子。不告诉内森他在队里的情况只会让情况更糟。但是，如果她有不同的心态，她可以让自己和内森成功。可知作者是同意领导和团队成员必须坦诚沟通，故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据文中Failing to question or criticize Nathan’s work, Sophia was in fact unkind. Many people are not a failure, like Nathan in this case; they’re just in the wrong place, and still left in the dark. What they really need is feedback from their leaders. 索菲亚没有质疑或批评内森的工作，事实上是不友善的。很多人并不是失败者，就像本案中的内森，他们只是在错误的地方，仍然被蒙在鼓里。他们真正需要的是领导的反馈。可以推出索菲亚应该清楚地告诉内森她对他表现的判断，故选D。
33．最佳标题题。根据文章的开头Sophia is smart, talented and incredibly nice. 索菲亚很聪明，很有天赋，而且非常好。以及文中的观点Failing to question or criticize Nathan’s work, Sophia was in fact unkind. 索菲亚没有质疑或批评内森的工作，事实上是不友善的。及The most difficult part for the leader, of course, involves criticizing someone. That is what a nice leader finds hard. 对领导者来说，最困难的部分当然是批评某人。这就是一个好的领导者所感到的困难。以及文章最后Back to Sophia’s case. Not telling Nathan how he was on the team only made a hard situation worse. But with a different mindset, she could have set herself and Nathan up for success. 回到索菲亚的案子。不告诉内森他在队里的情况只会让情况更糟。但是，如果她有不同的心态，她可以让自己和内森成功。可知，主要是谈论如何做一个领导者，是要nice还是要kind，故选A。

展开更多......

收起↑