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浦东新区名校2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Rational People Think at the Margin
Decisions in life are rarely black and white but usually involve shades of gray. At dinner time, the decision you face is not between fasting and eating like a pig, but whether to take that extra spoonful of mashed potatoes. （21） _______exams roll around, your decision is not between blowing them off and studying 24 hours a day, but whether to spend an extra hour reviewing your notes（22）_______watching TV. Economists use the term "marginal changes" to describe minor adjustments to an （23）_______（exist）plan of action.
In many situations, people make the best decisions by thinking at the margin. Margin means "edge, " so marginal changes are adjustments around the edges of （24）_______you are doing. Suppose, for instance, that you ask a friend for advice about how many years to stay in school. If he compares for you the lifestyle of a person with a Ph. D. to（25）_______of a grade school dropout, you might complain that this comparison is not helpful for your decision. You have some education already and most likely （26）_______（decide） whether to spend an extra year or two in school. （27）_______（make） this decision, you need to know the additional benefits that an extra year in school would offer （higher salaries throughout life and the sheer joy of learning）, （28）_______（combine） with the additional costs that you would pay （tuition and the forgone salaries while you are in school）. By comparing these marginal benefits and marginal costs, you can evaluate whether the extra year is worthwhile and make the best decision（29）_______is in your interest.
AS（30）_______（show） in this example, individuals and firms can make better decisions by thinking at the margin. A rational decision-maker takes an action if and only if the marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginal cost.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. maximize B. subsequent C. potential D. personalize E. misrepresented F. limited G. marketing H. predictive I. commercial J. speed K. absence
No child or young athlete should be subjected to genetic testing to find sporting talent or improve performance, conclude the experts in a statement published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
The scientific evidence on the effectiveness of these_31_tests is simply far too weak to back their use, says the experts in the fields of genomics, exercise, sports performance, etc. While the science of genomics has advanced rapidly over the past decade, the ability to interpret the meaning of genetic test results is still at a relatively early stage.
But that has not stopped the growth of the "direct to consumer" genetic tests, which claim to be able to spot children's athletic talents or tailor training to 32_performance. This fast-growing market has caused fears that the still limited level of knowledge on the genetics of sports performance is being_33_for commercial gain.
To inform the statement, the panel looked at the availability of DIY genetic tests. It found 39 companies_34_tests associated with sport or exercise performance or injury-- almost twice as many as in 2018.
The claims included:"_35_your training based on your sports genetics, " "Give parents and coaches early information on their child's genetic_36_for success for sports, "and "We use your DNA results to help you lose fat, build muscle, get fitter. "
But the 37_of any good scientific data to guide selection of which variants to test weakens the value of multiple testing. Besides, while there is some evidence to suggest a link with enhanced physical performance, it is very weak, making the_38_value of these tests "actually zero, "says the statement.
The statement emphasizes the _39_of change in gene sequencing technology has got much faster than regulation. And it points out the importance of counselling before any genetic test is taken.
"While further evidence will undoubtedly emerge around the genetics of sport performance in the future, the data are currently very_40_. Therefore, in this stage of limited knowledge, no child or young athlete should be exposed to genetic testing to define or alter training or for talent identification aimed at selecting gifted children or adolescents, " it concludes.
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer's background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to_41 people's impression of us. Our appearance_42_particular significance in the original phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated（疏远） by a young adult who is dressed in an uinconventional manner, 43_the person's education, background, or interests.
People tend to_44_what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the _45_of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and_46_when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the_47_they must wear to play these roles successfully. 48_, many of us can relate instances inn which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you_49_a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had_50_dress code and role models for achieving success. It had been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world_51_the appropriate mixture of ＂masculine＂ and ＂feminine＂（女性气质的）attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more 52_than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more_53_for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming--shorter hair, _54_ use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, "An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won't_55_the job. "We need a change in this regard.
41. A. add to B. deal with C. set aside D. focus on
42. A. assumes B. appreciates C. minimizes D. assesses
43. A. in terms of B. because of C. instead of D. regardless of
44. A. agree on B. count on C. negotiate about D. hesitate about
45. A. specialties B. accomplishments C. characters D. lifestyles
46. A. comfortable B. competent C. sacred D. outgoing
47. A. uniforms B. costumes C. gloves D. pajamas
48. A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
49. A. imitated B. resisted C. evaluated D. anticipated
50. A. long-lasting B. good-looking C. light-hearted D. well-defined
51. A. are uncertain about B. are distracted from
C. are keen on D. are ashamed of
52. A. consistent B. fashionable C. diversified D. innovated
53. A. critically B. casually C. favourably D. honestly
54. A. frequent B. concrete C. moderate D. heavy
55. A. get B. spare C. survive D. maintain
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
Dear Kind-Trustee-Who-Sends-Orphans-to-College,
Here I am! I travelled yesterday for four hours in a train. It's a funny sensation, isn't it! I never rode in one before.
College is the biggest, most bewildering place -- I get lost whenever I leave my room. I will write you a description later when I'm feeling less muddled; also I will tell you about my lessons. Class don't begin until Monday morning, and this is Saturday night. But I wanted to write a letter first just to get acquainted （认识）.
It seems weird to be writing letters to somebody you don't know. It seems weird for me to be writing letters at all-I've never written more tan three or four in my life, so please overlook it if these are not a model kind. Before leaving yesterday morning, Mrs. Lippett and I had a very serious talk. She told me how to behave all the rest of my life, and especially how to behave towards the kind gentleman who is doing so much for me. I must take care to be Very Respectful.
But how can one be very respectful to a person who wishes to be called John Smith Why couldn't you have picked out a name with a little personality I might as well write letters to Dear Hitching-Post or Dear Clothes-Prop.
I have been thinking about you a great deal this simmer, having somebody take an interest in me after all these years makes me feel as though I had found a sort of family. It seems as though I belonged to somebody now, and it's a very comfortable sensation. I must say, however, that when I think about you, my imagination has very little to work upon. There are just three things that I know: I. You are tall. II. You are rich. III. You hate girls.
I suppose I might call you Dear Mr. Girl-Hater. Only that's rather insulting to me. Or Dear Mr. Rich-Man, but that's insulting to you, as though money were the only important thing about you. Besides, being rich is such a very external quality. Maybe you won't stay rich all your life! So I've decided to call you Dear Daddy-Long-Legs. I hope you won't mind. It's just a private pet name we won't tell Mrs. Lippett.
The ten o'clock bell is going to ring in two minutes. Our day is divided into sections by bells. We eat and sleep and study by bells. It's very enlivening; I feel like a fire horse all of the time.
There is goes! Lights out. Good night.
Observe with what precision I obey rules--due to my training the John Grier Home.
Yours most respectfully,
Jerusha Abbott
To Mr. Daddy-Long-Legs Smith
56. The word "muddled" is closest in meaning to"___”.
A. depressed
B. familiar
C. confused
D. distressed
57. What can we infer from the third paragraph of the letter
A. Letter writing skills were essential in Jerusha's society.
B. Jerusha was reluctant to write a letter to a stranger.
C. The letters written by Jerusha were always well organized.
D. Mr. DDaddy-Long-Legs Smith was the one Jerusha respected.
58. Jerusha decided to call the trustee Dear-Long-Legs in order to
A. show her sincere respect for him
B. make them feel closer to each other
C. represent one of his internal qualities
D. leave a deep impression on him
59. How did Jerusha feel about the upcoming college life
A. indifferent
B. anxious
C. expectant
D. hopeless
（B）
HEALTH TODAY hosted by Health Promotion Board
GET ON YOUR FEET AND FEEL THE B. E. A. T Battle to Eliminate Atherothrombosis （BEAT） Campaign Roadshow *Health screenings, educational talks, cooking and exercise demonstrations. *Fun-filled games and prizes for the entire family. Learn more about atherothrombosis--ai disease leading to heart attacks and stroke and also a leading causes of death in the nation. Take part in the B. E. A. T challenge, a fun-filled, four-hour hunt around town in which you will be looking for clues to complete various tasks at different pit-stops. Date:8th and 9th July Time: 11 a. m. to 6 p. m. Venue: Atrium@Orchard （Dhoby Ghaut MRT station） Registration Fee:Free（Closing date to sign up for the B. E. A. T Challenge is before 5th July. Register at www. ） Participants for the B. E. A. T Challenge to arrive 1/2 hr before event begins.
DEALING WITH CONSTIPATION BE IN CONTROL Have a problem with constipation Lose weight effectively and safely! Let our experts identify your problems and Tips from renowned American explain different types of constipation, tests and nutritionist, Dr. Jeffrey Hathaway, a treatments to you. professor at National University Date:Fortnightly Hospital. He will give a talk at the Time: I p. m. to 2 p. m. Jurong Regional Library. Venue: National University Hospital, Health Date:1s and 2md July Education Hub, Level 1 Time:2p. m. to 4:40 p. m. Registration Fee:Free Registration Fee: $15 per adult （Redeemable for products at selected Health Pharm outlets）
Prizes Sponsored by Pfizer, dedicated to the quest for longer, healthier, happier lives. In conjunction with National Healthy Lifestyle Programme.
60. The event is organized by ________.
A. Health Promotion Board
B. Jurong Regional Library
C. Health Education Hub Hub
D. National University Hospital
61. The last day for the participant to sign up for the B. E. A. T Challenge event is on ____.
A. 1s of July
B. 4th of July
C. 5th of July
D. 8th of July
62. Which of the following statement is TRUE
A. Two events offer tests to assess participants' health.
B. Participants of the B. E. A. T Challenge have to report by 10:30.
C. Dr. Jeffrey Hathaway is a professor at Jurong Regional Library.
D. Fifteen dollars' worth of products can be redeemed at all Health Pharm outlets.
（C）
Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don't think they can attain.
While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it's a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen's interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced（诱发）by Instagram.
Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.
While I'm reluctant to defend Facebook, I'm not sure it's reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched （狂看）a Netflix series？ I assure you it wasn't a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn't go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be
While it＇s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it strains credulity （夸张到 难以置信）to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you're already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage（自损）--as many teens are--you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn't a new phenomenon.
Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus（异口同声）of experts nothing the damage new media could cause young viewers.
Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause --one that's independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It's more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.
63. The author thinks the criticisms against Instagram ______.
A. are successful attempts to change teens' interest in addictive apps
B. address the Instagram-induced mental pain
C. are only based on the data released by Facebook
D. are not directed at the fundamental problem
flix is mentioned to ____.
A. compare the criticisms against it and Facebook
B. defend why Facebook is to blame
C. suggest the critics' remarks are not to point
D. show Netflix does more harm to teens
65. The Instagram problem is essentially a "people problem" in that _____.
A. it is human nature to get addicted to social media
B. users decide on their experiences on social media
C. people have a tendency to feel insecure online
D. people are keen on fabricating their self-profile
66. What is the passage mainly about
A. the unprecedented criticism facing Facebook
B. the alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide
C. the root cause of Instagram-induced mental strains
D. the harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers
（D）
A. Music itself has changed as well, making festivals a bigger attraction for listeners. B. Streaming pop stars' performance makes music even more popular. C. And alongside their rise in popularity, hundreds of smaller festivals have flourished. D. People are more likely now to spend money on experiences over material goods. E. Festivals have since grown into mainstream businesses that reap profits and embrace corporate sponsorships. F. The first musical festival was said to be held in Coachella.
Within the last decade, music festivals have grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive industry that sees hundreds of such events each year in the U. S. There are the big ones with big ticket prices, multiple stages, camping options and nearly endless lists of performers. （67） _____.
The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in music, arts and sports. Modem music festival in the U. S. grew out of the establishment of Woodstock. Though it was not the first event of its kind, the 1969 event holds a mythical place within American pop-cultural history. （68） _____Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the country, grossed $114. 6 million in 2017, setting a major record by earning more than $100 million.
The mechanics that drove music festivals to becoming top earners have a lot to do with the effects of modern life, says Chirinos, a professor of clinical music and global health at New York University. （69）_____ , he says, arguing that sharing a clip from a Billie Eilish or Cardi B performance with one's Instagram followers is more satisfying than buying something expensive. A 2019 Deloitte survey of millennials -- a group that makes up at 45% of the 32 million people who attend music festivals --finds that most value experiences:57% of them said they prefer travel and seeing the world over owning a home.
（70）_____ . As streaming becomes one of the most popular ways to listen to music, sales of tickets and products make up a large part of fans' expenditures on music. Because listening to music has become practically free, the access is unprecedented and makes live music much more special, according to Chirinos. "Audiences are keen to connect to the artist and, "he says.
On the other hand, for artists, appearing at music festivals is an easier way to make money than depending on record sales or long tours. As record sales saw a sharp decline in the early-to-mid-2000s thanks to the growth of digital music, artists began depending on touring to earn money.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Click to download teacher
"Books will soon disappear in schools, " Thomas Edison announced in 1913:they would, he believed, soon be replaced by silent films. Each new wave of information technology-radio, television, computers -- has led to similar predictions.
Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to awful. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence （重要性）in schools--especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both.
According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. As for the absence of teachers, if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, government would, surely, fire them Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the money to check on teachers in distant villages.
Several recent studies suggest ed-tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed-tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers prompts about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Technology is no cure-all. Good traditional teachers are not outdated, and are never likely to be. And authorities need to hold teachers to account. But ed-tech can help greatly-by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 建议家长们尽量多花点时间陪伴孩子. （company）
73. 看到千姿百态的剪纸作品, 我情不自禁地赞叹中国文化博大精深. （The moment）
74. 对于语言学习者来说, 没有比鞥驾轻就熟地运用自己所掌握的大量词汇更有成就感的事了. （there be）
75. 接到比赛通知以来, 这问网坛新秀全心全意投入高强度的训练, 并将抗压能力视为重中之重, 一心希望为国争光. （inform）
VI. Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76. 你是中学生李明, 你所居住的小区（如图）有块常年闲置的空地；最近小区居委会（the residents＇committee）向大家征集开发改造这片空地的建议, 请给居委会主任写封信, 你的戏中必须包括：
1. 你对空地的开发改造的具体建议；
2. 你的理由
参考答案：
21. when 22. instead of/rather than 23. existing 24. what 25. that
26. are deciding 27. To make bined 29. that 30. is shown/shown
31-40 IAEGD CKHJF
41-55 BADAD BBADD ACCCA
56-59 CDBC 60-62 ABB 63-66 DCBC
67-70 CEDA
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