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2023高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解专题
应用文
应用文是高考英语阅读理解的常见文体。高考试卷的应用文阅读材料大多来自真实的生活，充满浓郁的时代气息，具有鲜明的语言特色。它们种类繁多、涵盖面广，包括广告、书信、海报、指南、产品介绍、启事、招聘、书评等。
一、考情分析
1. 考查情况
应用文一般出现在阅读理解的A篇。应用文阅读材料题材丰富多样，标题、小标题以及重要的信息通常会以加粗字体或标下划线的形式突出呈现，文章所提供的信息丰富，语言简明扼要，难度不大。
2. 考查角度
从命题上看，应用文主要考查细节理解，近年来也会考查推理判断、写作意图以及读者对象等。应用文阅读材料简单明了，主要考查考生快速而准确地获取和理解文中具体细节信息的能力。从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，应用文阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，阅读材料会翻新，但会继续考查考生快速而准确地获取和理解文中具体细节信息的能力。
二、文体特点与阅读策略
1. 语言与结构特点
应用文语言简练，就其用词来看，文章里有大量生僻的专有名词，如地名、人名、机构名、组织名、书名、作品名等。
应用文主要用于传递信息。高考卷中所采用的应用文通常有两种行文方式：一种是文中的几则信息构成平行并列结构，即每一则信息中的项目及其位置有一致性和对应性，几则信息前有时会用一个段落对文章信息作整体上的说明；另一种是针对某一主题分项，分条目地呈现信息，每个段落围绕小标题呈现某一方面的信息。
2. 答题误区
应用文阅读理解试题难度不大，故答题时要谨防过于草率。出错的原因有可能是看信息时看错位，也有可能是为了追求速度只凭大致印象答题。因此，做题时一定要看准信息并在文章中找出相关信息以确保万无一失。另外，不要一字不落地阅读全文，这样会浪费很多时间，而是应该有选择地快速筛选和获取答题所需要的信息。
3. 阅读策略
应用文阅读理解总体上要做到稳、准、快，在确保准确率的基础上提高阅读速度，以
节省时间。解题时，要做到：
（1）快速浏览主题。快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的信息，并判定行文方式。
（2）速读题干，跳读定位信息。接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息点，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息。在定位和寻找信息点的时候，可以充分利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时不一定要读完全文。
（3）细读解题信息。最后，根据查找的相关信息，经过思考后选出正确答案。
三、实战演练
【原创试题（一）】
Marydale Lodge is a warm and welcoming environment that provides secure accommodations with education for young people aged 11 to 18.
We are currently recruiting: Associate Head Teacher
Location: St Helens, Merseyside
Hours of work: 37 hours per week — based on Teachers Terms & Conditions
We are pleased to advertise for an experienced, qualified teacher to join our passionate education team within our secure children’s setting.
The successful candidate will have significant knowledge and experience within education of young people with special needs and have the ability to encourage their attendance and raise their aspirations (志向).
You will be able to coordinate the teaching of all curriculum areas across the key stages, develop and strengthen our education setting and ensure that our staff have the understanding and knowledge to provide an outstanding provision.
Our benefits include:
● Salary of 41,988 to 47,498 per year plus Special Education Needs and Security allowance
● Teachers’ Pension Scheme & Life Assurance Scheme
● Full induction (就职), regular supervision and annual appraisal (评价) schemes
● Career progression opportunities
For an informal discussion about this role, please contact Marie Higgins, Registered Manager of Marydale Secure Unit, on 0824-24140.
For more information, please visit our website or you can contact our 24-hour recruitment line on 0351-269-2045.
1. Who could get an education at Marydale Lodge
A. Children aged 6. B. Children aged 15.
C. Teens aged 19. D. Teens of all ages.
2. What is the associate head teacher responsible for
A. Teaching mathematics to kids. B. Making teaching plans.
C. Encouraging children’s attendance. D. Providing the information about the job.
3. Which of the following is a benefit offered by Marydale Lodge
A. A security allowance paid twice a year.
B. Comfortable housing and secure food.
C. Opportunities for career advancement.
D. Pension Scheme based on annual appraisal.
【原创试题（二）】
UMass Lowell’s OAP Trips
UMass Lowell’s Outdoor Adventure Program offers all kinds of outdoor trips to people. Below is the information about our trips.
HIKING
Some of the most beautiful mountains are only a few kilometres away from UMass Lowell. No matter what season it is, we explore these great places. We climb mountains to watch the bright fall colors or fresh green of spring. We experience the wonderland (仙境) of winter on our winter day hikes. Whether it is your first time or 50th, these hiking trips are packed full of fun and adventure.
BIKING
Our biking trips include day road biking trips and overnight biking trips. On day trips, we enjoy local greenways like the Nashua River Rail Trail or the Minuteman Bikeway. On overnight trips, we may travel to places like Cape Cod. We also take breaks to enjoy the beaches, lighthouses, parks and small towns that we pass along the way.
SURFING
Our surfing trips travel to Hampton Beach, New Hampshire in the fall and Narragansett, Rhode Island in the spring. Beginners spend the first 1―1.5 hours with a surfing instructor starting on land and then getting into the water. The rest of the time is available to catch waves.
SNOWBOARDING
New England winters are known for the snowfall. Our snowboarding trips take advantage of winter conditions to get members out on the white snow. We spend one weekend at a popular place like Killington, Vermont, which offers different paths. We spend an evening at Crotched Mountain, which offers campfires and live music to enjoy.
1. What do we know about the hiking trip
A. It usually lasts a few days. B. It may involve big dangers.
C. It’s available all year round. D. It’s especially fit for beginners.
2. What can we do in the biking trip
A. Climb some famous mountains. B. Visit some places as a tourist.
C. Enjoy some seafood. D. Live in small towns.
3. Which trip should you choose if you want to enjoy music around campfires
A. HIKING. B. BIKING. C. SURFING. D. SNOWBOARDING.
【真题链接：2022新高考I卷】
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper.
C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【真题链接：2022新高考II卷】
Children’s Discovery Museum
General Information about Group Play
Pricing
Group Play $7/person
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices (发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
Group Size
We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to discuss options.
Hours
The Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm.
Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open.
Registration Policy
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.
Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options.
Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with
students at all times.
●Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
●Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits.
●Use your indoor voice when at the Museum.
21. What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship
A. Prepay the admission fees.
B. Use the Museum’s transportation.
C. Take a survey after the visit.
D. Schedule their visit on weekdays.
22. How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum
A. One. B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four.
23. What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum
A. Using the computer.
B. Talking with each other.
C. Touching the exhibits.
D. Exploring the place alone.
【真题链接：2022全国甲卷】
Theatres and Entertainment
St David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
21. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted
A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club.
C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David’s Hall.
22. What can people do at the Glee Club
A. Watch musicals. B. Enjoy comedies.
C. See family shows. D. Do creative things.
23. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre
A. www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B. www.shermancymru.co.uk
C. www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D. www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
【真题链接：2022全国乙卷】
Henry Raeburn（1756–1823）
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday–Saturday 10.00–17.45 Sunday 12.00–17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24–26 December and 1 January
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
21. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs. 13 Nov.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.
23. How can full-time students get group discounts
A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
参考答案：
【原创试题（一）】
本文是一篇应用文，是Marydale Lodge的一则招聘广告。文中详细列出了招聘条件、福利待遇、相关联系人及联系方式等。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Marydale Lodge招收年龄在11岁到18岁之间的孩子。
故选B。
2. C 细节理解题。根据“The successful candidate will ... have the ability to encourage their attendance and raise their aspirations.”可知，应聘成功者需能够鼓励孩子们去上课。故选C。
3. C 细节理解题。根据Our benefits include部分中的“Career progression opportunities”可知，Marydale Lodge为应聘成功者提供职业晋升的机会。故选C。
【原创试题（二）】
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了UMass Lowell户外冒险项目中的四个活动。
1. C 细节理解题。根据HIKING部分的“No matter what season it is, we explore these great places.”可知，一年四季都有远足活动。故选C。
2. B 细节理解题。根据BIKING部分的“we may travel to places like Cape Cod”和“We also take breaks to enjoy the beaches, lighthouses, parks and small towns that we pass along the way.”可知，骑行者可以去科德角之类的地方游览，能停下来欣赏沿途的沙滩、灯塔、公园和小镇，即他们能像游客一样游览一些地方。故选B。
3. D 细节理解题。根据SNOWBOARDING部分的最后一句“We spend an evening at Crotched Mountain, which offers campfires and live music to enjoy.”可知，参加滑雪的成员能围着篝火，欣赏现场演奏的音乐。故选D。
【真题链接：2022新高考I卷】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了“文学导论”课程的评分规则，主要从该课程评分所包含的三项考核内容展开介绍。
21. C 文章出处题。根据文章标题Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature“文学导论课程评分规则”以及Essays (60%)下的“the grade for this course (本课程的成绩)”和Group Assignments (30%)下的“... Blackboard, our online learning and course management system (... Blackboard，在线学习和课程管理系统)”可推知，本文是对一个文学导论课程评分规则的详细介绍，应该是选自课程方案。故选C。
22. B 细节理解题。根据三个小标题Essays (60%)、Group Assignments (30%)和Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)中括号内的分数所占百分比可知，这三项加起来正好是100%，因此学生的期末成绩是由这三项考核内容组成的。故选B。
23. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.”可知，如果在到期日第4天还没提交论文，将会得零分，因此晚交一周只能拿零分。故选A。
【真题链接：2022新高考II卷】
本文是一篇应用文。文章提供了关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息。
21. C 细节理解题。根据Scholarships下的“We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required. (我们为低收入学校和青年组织提供奖学金，此奖学金领完为止，并需要其参与参观后调查问卷。)”可知，如果一个团体获得了奖学金，需要再参加一个参观后的调查问卷，与选项C“Take a survey after the visit. (接受参观后的问卷调查)”属于同义替换。故选C。
22. C 推理判断题。根据Group Size下的“We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. (我们要求每十个孩子有一个监护人。)”可知，10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。故选C。
23. D 细节理解题。根据Guidelines下的“Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum. (无人陪伴的儿童不得进入博物馆的所有区域。)”可知，儿童必须在监护人陪伴下才能进入博物馆，即儿童不能单独进入博物馆进行探索，与选项D“Exploring the place alone. (独自探索博物馆)”属于同义替换。故选D。
【真题链接：2022全国甲卷】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国威尔士加的夫城的四个剧院及各自的特色。
21. D 细节理解题。根据St David’s Hall部分中的“St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff”可知，St David’s Hall是一年一度“威尔士逍遥音乐节”的举办地。故选D。
22. B 细节理解题。根据The Glee Club部分中的“Every weekend this is ‘Wales’ premier comedy club...”和“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.”可知，人们可以在the Glee Club欣赏喜剧。故选B。
23. A细节理解题。根据New Theatre中的“...the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre”可知，加的夫现存最古老的传统剧院是New Theatre，New Theatre的网址是www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk。故选A。
【真题链接：2022全国乙卷】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩的作品展览的相关情况。
21. B 细节理解题。根据Lecture Series部分的表格可知，Raeburn’s English Contemporaries举行的时间是Thursday 30 Oct.。故选B。
22. B 推理判断题。根据Admission部分的“ 4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”可知，大人陪伴下的12岁以下的儿童免费，由此可推知，一对夫妇携带两个12岁以下的儿童，只需支付两个大人的门票即可，即 8。故选B。
23. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，只有在老师的带领下，全日制学生才能享受团体折扣。故选C。

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