资源简介

(共39张PPT)
Reading for Writing
写作
XB3U3 Using Language
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
By the end of the class, you will be able to:
analyze the structure and writing methods of an environmental problem report;
comprehend and summarize the causes and solutions of water pollution;
integrate the information in the text (including the text structure, language features, and writing methods) and apply it into writing.
Learning Objectives
Prediction
· Style:
· The main idea of the text:
Report
Water pollution in the Li River;
measures to reduce the pollution
Para 1
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
solutions/measures
Task 1: Read the text and find the main idea of each paragraph.
introduction / problem
causes
further solution / plan
报告是一种常见的应用文体。
报告征文通常包括问题描述、问题产生的成因分析、
解决问题的具体措施以及成效。
Careful reading
1. What can we know about Li River from Para. 1
A. It is the most famous tourist destinations in China.
B. Millions of visitors come to visit it from home and abroad
C. The water there is dirty all the time.
D. There is no efficient solutions to the water pollution.
2. What were the negative effects on the Li River as a result of the growth in tourism according to para. 2
A. Water pollution level increased.
B. The number of fish species decreased
C. More household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
D. Both A and C.
3. The following are the factors that caused the water pollution except .
A. Increasing tourists and the rise of local population.
B. A large number of fish species live in the river.
C. Rise in commercial and industrial enterprises.
D. More chemicals for crop production and kitchens on board.
Task 2: Read for details. (Para. 2)
Find out some of the negative effects on the Li River
Draw a mind map to show all the factors that caused the pollution.
Increasing number of tourists
Local population rise to meet tourism demand =more household waste
More chemicals for crop production going into water
Rise in number of commercial and industrial enterprises
= more waste
Tour boats throwing cooking oil in water
Tourists throwing rubbish in water
Li River Pollution
Task 3: Read for details. (Para. 3)
Find out the measures of addressing the water pollution.
construction of waste water treatment facilities
the collection and transport of household waste
closing or moving the polluting enterprises
setting up regulations & rules
media
carrying out inspections and fining
measures
3. What is the “River Chief System”
The “River Chief System” holds senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution.
Activity 4: Read for writing methods
Read the text again and summarize the proper expressions from the text.
item related expressions
cause and effect
have negative effects on
suffer from
end up
contribute to
in order to
lead to
cause
…
Activity 4: Read for writing methods
Read the text again and summarize the proper expressions from the text.
item related expressions
problems and solutions
Urgent steps should be taken to restore...
A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues.
With such campaigns in effect, ... are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.
With these issues, ...
language points
part 3
domestic and foreign visitors
have negative effects on
water quality
look at
deal with
para 1
1. 国内外游客
2. 对..有消极影响
3. 水质
4. 着眼于，考虑
5. 处理
an increasing volume of
throw garbage into
contribute to
the number of
commercial and industrial enterprises
water pollution level
household and commercial waste
para 2
1. 越来越多的
2. 把垃圾扔进..
3. 造成，促成
4. ..的数量
5. 工商企业
6. 水污染程度
7. 生活和商业垃圾
end up
increase crop production
lead to severe water quality issues
a decrease in
local official
take urgent steps to do
restore its original beauty
para 2
8. 最终，以..为结束
9. 增加农作物产量
10. 导致严重水质问题
11. 在..方面减少
12. 地方官员
13. 采取紧急措施做某事
14. 恢复它原来的美丽
a comprehensive initiative
waste water treatment facilities
polluting enterprises
set up
strict regulations
tour boat routes
garbage disposal methods
para 3
1.一个全面的措施
2. 废水处理设施
3. 污染企业
4. 创立，建立，制定，安排
5. 严格的规定
6. 游船路线
7. 垃圾处理方法
the local authority
begin to do
environmental awareness
clean energy
carry out
fine tourist organisations for abuses
will be preserved for generations to come
para 3
8. 地方当局（政府）
9. 开始做某事
10. 环保意识
11. 清洁能源
12. 执行，实施
14. 将得到保护并世代相传
13. 对旅游机构的违规行为进行处罚
in addition
tackle water pollution
River Chief System
(be) responsible for
in effect
head towards
para 4
1.此外
2. 解决水污染
3. 河长制
4. 对..负责
5. 实际上，生效
6. 走向... 向...方向发展
The beautiful Li River is one of the ____________ (famous) tourist destinations，but the _________ (grow) in tourism has had negative effects _____ the river’s water quality. This report _____ (look) at the problem of water _______ (pollute) and some actions _____ have been taken to deal with it.
　　Water quality in the Li River had suffered _______ (great) from an increasing volume of tourists，many of ______ frequently threw garbage into the river. Many tour boats contributed _____ the problem too. The local population rose rapidly，as well as ____ number of commercial and industrial enterprises.
most famous
growth
greatly
whom
to
the
were used
causing
to restore
is believed
on
looks
pollution
that
Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste ________ (end) up in the river. To feed more people，more chemicals __________（use） to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，________（cause） a decrease in the number of fish species.
　　Finally，a series of urgent steps were taken _________ (restore) the river’s original beauty. It __________（believe） that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
were used
causing
to restore
is believed
ending
Activity 4: Read for writing methods 佳句仿写
原句
Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. (Para.2)
仿写
因私家车尾气排放增多，北京空气污染问题严重。（suffer from, an increasing volume）
Air quality in Beijing suffered greatly from an increasing volume of private cars which released excessive car exhaust into the air.
亮点1: 物作主语，生动形象；
亮点2: which引导定语从句暗含因果关系，信息量丰富
过量的汽车尾气 excessive car exhaust
原句
Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty. (para. 2)
仿写
毫无疑问，为了恢复家乡的空气质量，一些紧急措施亟待采取。（被动语态；restore）
There’s no doubt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the hometown’s air quality.
Activity 4: Read for writing methods 佳句仿写
原句
A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. (para. 3)
仿写
我们应该掌握主动权，采取一系列政策和措施来减少空气污染。（seize the initiative, policy）
We should seize the initiative and adopt a series of policies and measures to reduce air pollution.
Activity 4: Read for writing methods 佳句仿写
原句
…the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and …(para. 3)
仿写
除了定期检查之外，政府还可以利用社交媒体提高公众的环保意识。（inspection, social media, awareness）
Apart from/Besides carrying out regular inspections, the government could take advantage of social media to spread environmental awareness.
亮点: linking words的使用增加逻辑衔接感
Activity 4: Read for writing methods 佳句仿写
原句
With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. (para. 3)
仿写
有了这些措施，相信北京清澈的天空能万世长存。（形式主语；preserve）
With these measures, it is believed that the blue sky in Beijing will be preserved for generations to enjoy.
亮点1: linking words的使用增加逻辑衔接感；
亮点2: 形式主语的使用增加句式丰富性
Activity 4: Read for writing methods 佳句仿写
How to write a report on an environmental issue
体裁 议论文 时态 一般现在时和一般过去时
主题 环境保护 人称 第一或第三人称
Tips 第一段: 提出问题及原因 第二段: 给出解决建议 第三段: 得出结论 例题：某英文报刊将开展一次主题为“Environmental Protection”的征文活动。请你以“Reducing air pollution”为题目写一篇120词左右的英语报告。
WRITING: Write a report on an environmental issue.
1.我们都知道空气污染变得越来越严重。
As is known to us all, air pollution is becoming more and more serious.
第一段：提出问题及原因
Vehicles such as cars, ships and planes are one of the most important causes of air pollution.
2.汽车、轮船和飞机等车辆是造成空气污染的最重要原因之一。
第二段：给出解决建议
2. 他们执行了严格的规章制度, 使得一些工厂被关闭或者搬出市中心。
①实行; 执行 carry out　　　　　　　　
②用现在分词短语作结果状语翻译句子:
They carried out strict regulations, making some factories closed down or moved out of the city center.
3. 生产使用新能源的汽车和公共汽车, 这样就减少了二氧化碳的排放。
①新能源 new clean energy　　　　　　　
②用非限制性定语从句翻译句子:
Cars and buses using new clean energy were produced, which reduced the carbon dioxide emission.
第二段：给出解决建议
4. 政府所采取的措施号召了人们参与到减少空气污染源的活动中。
①号召某人做某事 call on sb. to do sth. 　　　　
②参与…… be involved in
③用强调句型翻译句子:
It is the government’s measures that called on people to be involved in reducing the source of air pollution.
第三段：总结
5. 如果每个公民都为保护环境做出努力, 终有一天我们能呼吸到清洁的空气。
①努力做某事 make efforts to do sth.
②吸收, 让……进入 take in
③用定语从句翻译句子:
If every citizen makes efforts to protect our environment, the day when people will take in clean air will come.
万能结尾句
(1) We are supposed to make joint efforts to ensure a sound environment for ourselves and our later generations. Only in this way can our planet have a bright and sustainable future.
(2) In a word, as long as each of us makes a contribution to our environment, it will become more beautiful and we will be healthier, as well as our mood will also be more cheerful.
Reducing air pollution
　 As is known to us all, air pollution is becoming more and more serious. This phenomenon caused our attention.
　 To deal with the problem the government took some effective measures. Firstly, they carried out strict regulations, making some factories closed down or moved out of the city center. Secondly, cars and buses using new clean energy were produced, which reduced the carbon dioxide emission. Also, a lot of trees were planted on hills, fields and so on. Most importantly, it is the government’s measures that called on people to be involved in reducing the source of air pollution.
If every citizen makes efforts to protect our environment, the day will come when people will take in clean air.
A sample
Writing practice
Task: Write a report on air pollution.
当今，我们周围的空气环境变得越来越差，为了加强学生们的环保意识，学校打算开展以“为家乡空气污染问题出谋献策”为主题的征文活动，警示人们要保护环境。请你写一篇报告，内容要点如下：
1. 写明家乡空气污染的原因；
2. 建设绿色家乡，建议采取什么措施（至少3点）；
3. 倡议大家行动起来。
其他要求：120词左右；注意使用本单元所学的语言表达和写作要点。
Draft
句式一点通
My hometown’s air pollution is very serious because of economic development.
错误1: 所属关系逻辑有误
错误2: 表意不明——空气污染是因为经济发展？
With the development of the economy, my hometown has witnessed severe air pollution for several years.
Draft
We should protect the environment of our hometown and here are some tips for you.
错误1: 未注意文体要求（report），for you的口吻不对；
错误2: 表述过于宽泛（环保），不符合文章要求（空气污染）
Therefore, urgent steps should be taken to alleviate this issue.
句式一点通
Draft
Let’s do it! To protect our earth! To help our hometown!
错误1: 呼吁过于简单粗暴，缺乏美感；
错误2: 表述过于宽泛（环保），不符合文章要求（空气污染）
Let’s spare no effort to make contributions to alleviating air pollution problem of our hometown!
句式一点通
With the development of the economy, my hometown has witnessed severe air pollution for several years. This report looks at the causes of air pollution and some actions that could be taken to deal with it.
The severe air pollution alarms us of the heavy load we have exerted on Earth by our inappropriate usage of fuel wastes. However, with the deepening of urbanization, more cars are needed, which made air pollution worse. Therefore, urgent steps should be taken to alleviate this issue.
Initially, industrial companies should apply the most cutting-edge technologies in order to adopt new forms of energy as substitutes for fossil fuels. Also, governments can carry out inspections regularly and fine industrial factories for abuses. As for individuals, they should raise environmental awareness, trying more environmental-friendly transportation means such as buses instead of private cars. With these measures, it is believed that the fresh air of our hometown will be preserved for generations to enjoy.
Let’s spare no effort to make contributions to alleviating air pollution problem of our hometown!

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