资源简介

(共68张PPT)
Lesson 3
新北师大选择性必修Book 4
Unit 12 INNOVATION
Stephen Hawking
Video time
1. What do you know about Stephen
Hawking
2. What questions does the video mention
Free talk
What did Stephen Hawking discover or do What was special about him
1
one of the world’s most famous scientists in theoretical physics
to have a rare disease
to lose speech
to overcome the challenge of …
his physical abilities decline
to discover the secrets of the universe
What did Stephen Hawking discover or do What was special about him
Stephen Hawking was one of the world’s most influential scientists. He was famous not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control).
n. [天] 宇宙论，
[天] 宇宙学
2
Read the webpage about Stephen Hawking.
Read and locate
Birth
Education
On 8 January, 1942
St Albans School
The University of Oxford (1959-1962), studied physics
PhD, the University of Cambridge (1966)
Career
Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge (1968-1973)
Professor of Mathematics, Cambridge (1979-2009)
Director of Research, Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, Cambridge (2009-2018)
Achievement
Illness
Suffering from ALS and becoming disabled
Putting forward the idea of black holes and writing books
Attitude to life
Family
Death
Positive/Optimistic
Married to Jane Wilde (1965-1991, three children) and Elaine Mason (1995-2006)
On 14 March, 2018
Read and choose
1. What happened to Stephen Hawking
when he was 21
A. He had an operation.
B. He was diagnosed with ALS.
C. He went to the University of Oxford to
study physics.
D. He found a job at the Institute of
Astronomy in Cambridge.
2. What made Stephen Hawking lose his
speech
A. His illness.
B. An accident.
C. The operation.
D. The medicine he took.
3. Which of the following is true about
Stephen Hawking’s book A Brief
History of Time
A. It was written in 2010.
B. It sold well once it came out.
C. He wrote it with Leonard Mlodinow.
D. Many people could understand it easily.
4. Why were Hawking’s expectations
reduced to zero when he was 21
A. Because he developed ALS.
B. Because he lost his family.
C. Because he became disabled.
D. Because he had a terrible accident.
3
Read the webpage again. Complete the timeline about Stephen Hawking’s life and work.
Time Events
1942 He was born on 8 January in Oxford, _________.
1959 He went to the University of Oxford to study ________.
1963 He was diagnosed with ALS, a rare and ________________ disease.
England
physics
slow-progressing
Time Events
1985 He had to have an operation which made him lose his _______ and later lost the use of his ________.
1988 His book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes sold very _______.
2005 He decided to write a simpler ________,
A Briefer History of Time.
speech
hands
well
version
Time Events
2010 He wrote another book The Grand Design with Leonard Mlodinow in which he argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the ________.
2012 At the opening of the the London Olympics, he made a speech to TV audience and said people should be _________.
2018 He died on _______ at his home in England, aged 76.
universe
curious
March
Pair work
1. Tell each other about Stephen Hawking with your own words based on the timeline.
1942
1959
1963
1985
1988
2005
2010
2012
2018
4
2. Ask and answer the questions about Stephen Hawking in pairs.
1). When did he become ill What was the result of his illness
He was diagnosed with ALS at the age of 21. He was only expected to live for a few years.
2). What did he study What did he find
He studied black hole.
There was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole. This hole led to another universe, completely separate from our own.
3). What books did he write What did he argue in the books
He wrote From the Big Bang to Black Holes, A Briefer History of Time, The Grand Design.
He argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.
4). What is a black hole
A black hole is a place in space where gravity is very strong. Anything that falls into it never comes out. Noting can escape from it, not even light. As a result, it is impossible to see a black hole.
5
1. What was Stephen Hawking’s attitude towards life Find evidence from the webpage.
Further thinking
Stephen Hawking had a positive attitude towards life and he never got disappointed or discouraged from his illness.
2. What do you think this saying by Stephen Hawking means: “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet … be curious.”
It means that we should not focus on our everyday lives and worry too much about unimportant matters. We should think on a larger scale and be curious about nature and the simple things of life.
3. How are the paragraphs on the webpage connected to each other Find and circle the indicators.
6
This is a summary of Stephen Hawking’s life. Finish it with your own words and based on what you have learnt in this lesson.
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942. He studied at Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, but at the age of 21, he was diagnosed with a serious disease. However, he finished his 1. __________ and got a job at the University of Cambridge and continued his work in 2. __________ physics and 3. __________.
studies
theoretical
cosmology
While his reputation for his work spread, his physical ability 4. _________. In 1985, after an operation, he started to use 5. ___________________________ to help him talk. However, Hawking never ceased his studies and he continued to develop his theories on 6. ___________. Hawking believed that he was not an unlucky person. From his diagnosis at 21 he regarded everything since then as a 7. _________. He was proud of his family and his work, and he appreciated the help that many people had given him.
declined
speech-generating equipment
black holes
bonus
7
Introduce Stephen Hawking with your own words and based on the diagram.
Birth
Education
Career
Achievement
Illness
Attitude to life
Family
Death
Stephen Hawking
新北师大选择性必修Book 4
Language points
Unit 12 INNOVATION
课文回顾：
1. In the early stages of his career, his illness got worse, but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach, which was easier for him.
句意：在他职业生涯的早期阶段，他的病情恶化了，但他只被允许做研究，而不是教书，这对他来说比较容易。
本句是一个并列复合句，but 连接两个并列句。在第二个并列句中，which 引导非限制性定语从句。
1. In the early stages of his career, his illness got worse, but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach, which was easier for him.
rather than 在句中连接两个并列的不定式，意为 “而不是”。
例句：
1). I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than
coffee. 我想我该要一杯冷饮，而不是咖啡.
2). He, rather than I, is to blame for the
accident. 是他而不是我要为这次事故负责。
例句：
1). In the battle, the soldiers preferred to die
rather than give in.在战斗中，战士们宁死也
不愿向敌人投降。
2). To enjoy the scenery, Irene would spend long
hours on the train rather than travel by air.
为了欣赏风景，艾琳宁愿花很长时间坐火车，
也不愿坐飞机旅行。
prefer to do rather than do
would do rather than do
宁愿做……
而不愿做……
2. Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
句意：尽管在过去的几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了新的想法。
decline vi. 减少，降低；衰退
vt. (婉言) 拒绝，谢绝
decline to... 下降/减少到……
decline by... 下降/减少了……
decline to do sth. 婉拒做某事
让步状语从句
decline n. 下降；衰退
fall/go into a decline 开始衰落，走下坡路
in decline/on the decline 在下降，在衰退
例句：
1). He examined it closely over and over again,
but still declined to give any comment.
他一遍又一遍地仔细研究，但仍然拒绝发表
任何评论。
2). The number of tourists to the resort declined
by 10% last year.
去年到这个度假胜地旅游的人数下降了10%。
例句：
3). As the economy was in decline, some people
in the town had lost their jobs. 由于经济衰退，
这个镇上的一些人失去了工作。
4). The area fell into a decline after the mine
closed.
这个地区在矿井关闭后开始衰落。
5). In general, growth is forecast to decline to just
7% a year.
总而言之，经济年增长率预期将降至7%。
3. In spite of his disease, Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man.
句意：尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……
in spite of=despite 尽管，虽然
regardless of 不管，不顾
in spite of the fact that... 尽管……
例句：
1). Despite his advanced year, he is learning to
drive. 尽管年事已高，他还在学开车。
2). There must be equality of rights for all
citizens regardless of nationality.
无论国籍如何，所有公民都必须享有平等的
权利。
3). In spite of the fact that he wanted to go with
her, he was declined by her in the end. 尽管他
想和她一起去，但最后还是被她拒绝了。
4. At the age of 21, when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge, physicians discovered he had a rare, slow-progressing form of ALS.
句意：21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生们发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症。
定语从句
宾语从句
5. And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations.
句意：他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和他人的帮助。
定语从句
宾语从句
新北师大选择性必修Book 4
Grammar P61
Unit 12 INNOVATION
Phrasal Prepositions
短语介词
一、概念
短语介词就是由两个或几个词构成的短语，其作用相当于一个介词，其后接名词、代词、动词的ing形式等，构成较为复杂的介词短语。
二、构成
1. 形容词+介词
aware of 意识到
familiar with 对……熟悉
particular about 挑剔，讲究
regardless of 不管，不顾
similar to 与……相似
例句：
1). They suddenly became aware of people
looking at them.
他们突然意识到有人在看着他们。
2). Are you familiar with the computer
software they use
你熟悉他们使用的电脑软件吗
3). Being too particular about your clothes is
not a good habit.
对衣服太讲究不是一个好习惯。
例句：
4). The music festival welcomes all people
regardless of age.
这个音乐节欢迎所有人, 不分年龄。
5). My teaching style is similar to that of
most other teachers.
我的教学风格和其他大多数老师相似。
2. 副词+介词
apart from 除了……之外
ahead of 在……之前
instead of 代替
together with 和……一起
up to 多达；胜任；取决于
例句：
1). What other sports do you like apart from
football
除了足球，你还喜欢什么运动
2). Ahead of you on the right is a lovely garden.
在你的右前方是一个美丽的花园。
3). He wanted to decide for himself instead of
blindly following his parents’ advice.
他想自己做决定，而不是盲目地听从父母的
建议。
例句：
4). I will send you the book, together with all
the available comments on it.
我将把这本书连同所有可用的评论寄给你。
5). We tossed up to see who went first.
我们掷硬币看谁先去。
3. 介词+名词
by no means 决不
on no account 决不
on the contrary 正相反
to the point 中肯，切题
under construction 在建造中
例句：
1). By no means is the problem as simple as we
first thought.
这个问题决不像我们最初想的那么简单。
2). On no account should you disobey traffic
rules.
你绝对不能违反交通规则。
3). It’s no trouble at all; on the contrary, it will
be a great pleasure to help you. 一点儿也不
麻烦；恰恰相反，我很乐意帮助你。
例句：
4). When it comes to the point, he always
changes his mind.
每当说到重点的时候，他总是会改变主意。
5). It is reported that the new railway is under
construction.
据报道，新铁路正在建设中。
4. 介词+名词+介词
in exchange for 作为……的交换
in terms of 就……而言
on behalf of 代表
in memory of 为了纪念
in return/reward for 作为回报
例句：
1). I will teach you Chinese in exchange for
your teaching me English.
我教你汉语，作为交换条件，你教我英语。
2). In terms of quantity, production grew faster
than ever before. 就数量而言，生产增长得
比以往任何时候都快。
3). On behalf of my parents, I’d like to thank
all guests for attending my elder brother’s
wedding dinner. 我代表父母，感谢所有宾客
出席我哥哥的婚礼。
例句：
4). He founded the charity in memory of his
late wife.
他兴办那个慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。
5). He received a medal in return/reward for
his bravery.
他因勇敢而获得一枚奖章。
5. 介词+冠词+名词+介词
as a result of 由于
at the sight of 一看见
for the purpose of 为了
in the charge of 由……掌管
in the possession of 被……所拥有
例句：
1). Profits have declined as a result of the recent
drop in sales.
由于最近销售额下降，利润也随之下降了。
2). The little child danced around her at the
sight of his mother.
那个小孩一见到妈妈就围着她跳舞。
3). The meeting was called for the purpose of
appointing a new manager.
召开这次会议的目的是任命一位新经理。
例句：
4). The project is in the charge of an
experienced worker.
这个项目由一位有经验的工人负责。
5). That famous oil painting is now in the
possession of Metropolitan Museum.
那幅著名的油画现由大都会博物馆收藏。
8
Complete the Word Builder with phrasal prepositions. What other phrasal prepositions do you know
Phrasal Prepositions
1. _______________ 21, when Hawking spent his
first year at the University of Cambridge …
2. His theory was that there was a sort of hole
________________ a black hole.
3. _____________ trying to find one big new
explanation, scientists should …
4. _____________ his disease, Hawking didn’t
consider himself an unlucky man.
Word builder
At the age of
in the centre of
Instead of
In spite of
9
Use the phrasal prepositions below to complete the webpage below on Stephen Hawking.
instead of with the help of
in spite of as a result of
After the Operation
In 1985, Hawking had to have an operation on his throat. 1. ________________ the operation, he couldn’t speak at all. However, 2. ________________ not being able to talk, he was still able to communicate by raising his eyebrows when someone pointed to the right letter on a spelling card.
As a result of
in spite of
After the Operation
In 1985, Hawking had to have an operation on his throat. 1. ________________ the operation, he couldn’t speak at all. However, 2. ________________ not being able to talk, he was still able to communicate by raising his eyebrows when someone pointed to the right letter on a spelling card.
instead of with the help of
in spite of as a result of
A computer expert heard of Hawking’s problem and sent him a computer programme. 3. _________________ this programme, Hawking could choose words from a menu on a screen. 4. ______________ pressing a switch in his hand, he could control the programme by making a head or eye movement. At first, he could run the programme on a desktop computer, but then a man called David Mason fitted a small portable computer to his wheelchair.
With the help of
Instead of
10
Complete the questions with a preposition.
1. What are you interested _____
2. In your family, who do you have a good
relationship ______
3. What are you afraid ____
4. What are you proud ____
5. What’s the most serious problem that’s
ever happened ____ you
6. How did you deal ______ your problem
in
with
of
of
to
with
11
Find more information about Stephen Hawking online. Do you fell inspired by him Give reasons along with your comments.
一、Fill in the blanks.
1. There wasn’t such a big _________ (下降)
in enrollments after all.
2. Most people are completely __________ (一
无所知的) about tide directions and
weather conditions.
3. He was ____________ (阻止) attending the
meeting due to the heavy traffic.
Exercises
decline
clueless
prevented from
n. 登记；入伍
4. What made you choose this one _________
(而不是) the other
5. _____________ (尽管) what had happened
to him, he never lost his will to live.
6. He defeated all competitors and _________
(结果), he won the scholarship.
rather than
In spite of
as a result
二、Translate the sentences.
1. 这个节日是为了纪念一位中国诗人。
(in memory/honour of)
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. 尽管听不见他们在说什么，但她知道讨论的内
容。(under discussion)
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
The festival is in memory/honour of a Chinese poet.
She knew what was under discussion, although she couldn’t hear what they were saying.
3. 我们都认为他是一个英明的领导。
(consider sb. to be)
__________________________________________
4. 问题是它作为日常之用太贵了。
(that引导表语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________________
We all consider him to be a wise leader.
The problem is that it is too expensive for everyday use.
Thank you!

展开更多......

收起↑