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Franklin’s
Experiment:
How much is true
课 文 讲 解
01
para. 1
Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations of children to science. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.
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The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock. This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
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For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin’ s lightning experiment. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
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However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. Although it has been proved that Franklin’ s experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
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Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’ s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
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Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklin’ s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
富兰克林的实验：有多少是真的？
本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。然而，新的研究显示，这个故事可能是虚构的，而并非事实。
这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国的开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。那时，不少人对电感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他在风筝上系了一根细绳，把风筝放上天，细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传导到钥匙上，富兰克林随即用手指触碰钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。
许多年来，富兰克林闪电实验的故事一直是学校的教学内容之一。数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。使用细绳和钥匙这一细节是真实的，但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
科学家们常常对已被人们接受的观点提出质疑，以求证事实。一些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事：一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑袋，促使他提出了万有引力定律。事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
诚然，虚构常常比事实更为有趣。人们更多是为富兰克林的科学探索精神所激励，而非事实本身。但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。
阅 读 理 解
02
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Franklin's opinion about science.
B．The purpose and process of Franklin's experiment.
C．People's different opinions on lightning.
D．The role of the metal key.
2．For many years，we learn from the story of Franklin's experiment EXCEPT that ________．
A．the method of Franklin's experiment is safe
B．Franklin was very brave to make the experiment
C．scientific experiments are important to the truth
D．the method of Franklin's experiment is scientific
3．What people are inspired by in Franklin's story
A．His bravery and scientific approach.
B．The kite with a key tied to the string.
C．The stormy weather with lightning.
D．His touching on the metal key.
4．What is the purpose of the story of Newton
A．To show the accepted story is true.
B．To show Newton was brave to bear the hit of an apple.
C．To show Newton was lucky to find the theory of gravity.
D．To show the accepted story is questioned by the scientists.
5．Which of the following may the author agree with
A．To see is to believe.
B．Every extremity is a fault.
C．Books should be read with reservation.
D．Imagination is the source of creation.
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