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专题05 语法填空
冲刺高考英语大题突破
（解析版）
该题型它将语法知识的考查置于短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给填空两种形式来表现，主要考查学生的英语综合应用能力，通过语篇中考查学生的理解语篇的能力，分析句子结构以及熟练运用语法的能力。
(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题)
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____65_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】
56．Covering 57．the 58．were 59．to increase 60．is designed 61．and 62．populations 63．eventually 64．as 65．that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
56．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
57．考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
58．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
60．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
61．考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
62．考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。
63．考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。
64．考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。
65．考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
【点睛】
【设空有提示词时】
1.动词考虑是谓语还是非谓语
谓语则考虑时态、语态、主谓一致；
非谓语则考虑非谓语的解题思路，主动关系、被动关系和 固定搭配等原则；
2.名词考虑变为复数形式、形容词、或动词派生词；
3.形容词考虑变为副词、比较级、否定前缀或名词派生词；
4.代词则根据上下文空格前后的词判断用何种代词形式。
【设空无提示词时】
当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。
1.关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关系副词when, where, why
2.名词性从句：that, whether,if；连接代词what/which/who/whatever等；连接副词where/why/how/when等
3.状语从句：when/while/if/unless/because/until等
4.当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。
5.当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
6.代词在语法填空中主要考查it的用法，此外还有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和不定代词需要掌握。
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science ____36____Qian Xuesen. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian went to the United States for further studies in 1935. Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology, he and his colleagues ____37____ (found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1940s, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
____38____(overcome) many difficulties in the US, Qian eventually returned to China in 1955. He received a ____39____(hero) welcome from his homeland. At that time, in poor China, its rocket science was undeveloped—No majors in rocket science; No talents; No experts. Nevertheless, the “No”s didn’t discourage him from taking ____40____the challenge. His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ” was a ____41____(determine) “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things ____42____other people make.”
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite. Even much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’ research, so he earned the name of “the father of China’ aerospace”.
Qian was extremely ____43____(knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However, ____44____might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him _____45_____(inspire) in his-scientific research.
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
【来源】江苏省南通市海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题
【答案】
36．than 37．founded 38．Having overcome 39．hero’s 40．on 41．determined 42．that 43．knowledgeable 44．what 45．inspiration
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了钱学森对中国航天科学的影响以及突出贡献。
36．考查介词。句意：也许没有其他科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大。分析句子可知，空处前有形容词比较级greater，故此处考查比较级的结构，即“形容词比较级+than”，结合语意可知，此处意为“比”，故应用介词than。故填than。
37．考查动词时态。句意：作为美国喷气和火箭技术的先驱，他和他的同事在20世纪40年代建立了喷气推进实验室，现在是美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。分析句子可知，此处应用动词作谓语，根据时间状语1940s可知，此处应用一般过去时，故空处应用动词一般过去时态。故填founded。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国克服了许多困难后，钱最终于1955年回到中国。分析句子可知，此处应用动词作非谓语，与逻辑主语Qian之间是主动关系，结合语意可知，空处动作发生在主句动作之前，故此处应用现在分词的完成时，即having done结构。故填Having overcome。
39．考查名词所有格。句意：他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎。分析句子可知，空处后是名词welcome，空处应作定语修饰welcome，结合语意可知，此处意为“英雄般的”，故此处应用名词所有格形式，即hero’s。故填hero’s。
40．考查介词。句意：然而，这些所谓的“不”并没有阻止他接受这个挑战。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语take on，意为“接受”，故空处应填介词on。故填on。
41．考查形容词。句意：他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”这个问题的回答是坚定的，即“为什么不呢？我们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作定语，结合语意可知，此处意为“坚定的，坚决的”，故应用-ed结尾形容词，表示人物的态度，即determined。故填determined。
42．考查定语从句。句意：他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”这个问题的回答是坚定的，即“为什么不呢？我们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知，此处考查引导定语从句的关系词，指代先行词things，指物，在从句中作宾语，先行词前有the same修饰，关系代词只能用that。故填that。
43．考查形容词。句意：钱学识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究方面。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表语，意为“学识渊博的”，故空处应填形容词knowledgeable。故填knowledgeable。
44．考查名词性从句。句意：然而，使他成为如此杰出和有创造力的科学家的可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣，如音乐和绘画。分析句子可知，此处考查引导主语从句的连接词，从句缺主语，意为“什么”，故应用连接代词what来引导主语从句。故填what。
45．考查名词。句意：他对艺术的高度欣赏经常给他的科学研究带来灵感。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合语意可知，此处意为“灵感”，故应用名词inspiration，抽象名词不可数。故填inspiration。
（A）
（2022·江苏·统考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Consisting of a bamboo frame and a ____1____ (delicate) painted paper surface, Chinese oil-paper umbrellas have long been viewed as a symbol of China’s tradition of cultural craftsmanship and poetic beauty. Not just are they an instrument to keep off rain or sunlight, but also works of art ____2____(possess)rich cultural significance and aesthetic(美的)value.
The first oil-paper umbrellas appeared during Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220).Later,they____3____ (bring) overseas to Japan and ancient Korea during the Tang Dynasty (618-907),which is ____4____ they were known as “Tang umbrellas”.
It takes quite a lot of time and effort to make a traditional Chinese oil-paper umbrella ____5____ hand. For example,in Fenshui township in Luzhou, Sichuan Province,craftsmenmust complete more than 90 steps and use over 100 different tools____6____ (create) a single handmade oil-paper umbrella.
Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas, traditional oil-paper umbrellas____7____ (suffer) from declining sales, while ____8____ number of craftsmen has been on thedecrcase. Fortunately, with the____9____ (include) of Fenshui oil-paper umbrellas as one ofChina’s national intangible cultural heritages in 2008, things have been improving. These greatitems appear in many fashion shows and media publications due to the positive publicity _____10_____ they have received.
【答案】
1．delicately 2．possessing 3．were brought 4．why 5．by 6．to create 7．have suffered 8．the 9．inclusion 10．that##which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国传统油纸伞的历史、工艺和现状等。
1．考查副词。句意：中国油纸伞由竹制框架和精美的纸面组成，长期以来一直被视为中国传统文化工艺和诗意美的象征。空处修饰形容词painted，应填副词形式delicately作状语，表示“精美地”。故填delicately。
2．考查现在分词。句意：它们不仅是遮风挡雨的工具，而且是具有丰富文化意义和美学价值的艺术品。分析句子可知，空处作后置定语修饰名词短语works of art，且与其逻辑主语works of art为主动关系，所以应填现在分词possessing表主动，表示“拥有，具有”。故填possessing。
3．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：后来，在唐朝(618-907年)，它们被带到海外的日本和古代朝鲜，这就是为什么它们被称为“唐伞”。根据时间状语during the Tang Dynasty，空处谓语动词应填一般过去时，且与主语they之间为被动关系，要与主语they保持主谓一致，用复数。故填were brought。
4．考查表语从句。句意：后来，在唐朝(618-07年)，它们被带到海外的日本和古代朝鲜，这就是为什么它们被称为“唐伞”。分析句子可知，空处引导一个表语从句作系动词is的表语，且从句缺状语，应用连接副词引导，又根据句意可知，所以填连接副词why，表示“为什么”，符合语境。故填why。
5．考查介词。句意：手工制作一把传统的中国油纸伞需要花费相当多的时间和精力。by hand为固定搭配，表示“手工地”。故填by。
6．考查不定式。句意：例如，在四川泸州汾水镇，工匠们必须完成90多个步骤，使用100多种不同的工具才能制作出一把手工油纸伞。此处涉及固定句型use sth. to do，表示“用某物做某事”，用不定式作目的状语。故填to create。
7．考查现在完成时。句意：自从现代机械伞出现以来，传统油纸伞的销量一直在下降，而工匠的数量也在减少。根据时间状语Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas可知，空处谓语动词应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，可能持续发生下去。且要与主语traditional oil-paper umbrellas保持主谓一致，用复数，即have suffered。故填have suffered。
8．考查定冠词。句意：自从现代机械伞出现以来，传统油纸伞的销量一直在下降，而工匠的数量也在减少。空处涉及固定结构the number of，表示“......的数量”。故填the。
9．考查名词。句意：幸运的是，随着2008年汾水油纸伞被列入中国国家级非物质文化遗产名录，情况有所改善。空处由定冠词the修饰，应填名词inclusion，表示“包含，纳入”，不可数名词。故填inclusion。
10．考查定语从句。句意：由于受到了积极的宣传，这些伟大的作品出现在许多时装表演和媒体出版物中。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词publicity，指物，并在从句中作received的宾语，故填关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
（B）
（2022·江苏泰州·泰州中学校考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why true happiness isn’t about being happy all the time
Over the past two decades, the positive psychology movement ___11___ (brighten) up psychological research with its science of happiness, human potential and flourishing. It argues that psychologists should investigate not only mental illness but also ___12___ makes life worth living.
The founding father of positive psychology, Martin Seligman, describes happiness as experiencing frequent positive emotions, such as joy, excitement and satisfaction, ___13___ (combine) with deeper feelings of meaning and purpose. It implies a positive attitude in the present and an optimistic outlook for the future. Importantly, happiness experts have argued that happiness is not a stable, ___14___ (change) feature but something flexible ___15___ we can work on and ultimately strive towards.
Recent research indicates that psychological ___16___ (flexible) is the key to greater happiness and well-being. For example, ___17___ (be) open to emotional experiences and the ability to tolerate periods of discomfort can allow us to move towards a richer, more meaningful existence. Studies have also demonstrated that the way we respond to the circumstances of our lives has ___18___ (influence) on our happiness than the events ___19___ (they). Experiencing stress, sadness and anxiety in the short term doesn’t mean we can’t be happy in the long term. Often when people have faced difficulty, illness or loss, they describe their lives as happier and more meaningful as a result.
_____20_____ feeling happy, which is a temporary state, leading a happier life is about individual growth by finding meaning through the whole life. It is about accepting our humanity with all its ups and downs, enjoying the positive emotions, and making use of painful feelings in order to reach our full potential.
【答案】
11．has brightened 12．what 13．combined 14．unchangeable##unchanging 15．that 16．flexibility 17．being 18．more influences## more influence 19．themselves 20．Unlike
【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了什么是积极心理学。幸福专家认为幸福是灵活的，我们可以为此努力，个人成长和接受人性是幸福生活的关键。
11．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的二十年中，积极心理学运动以其对幸福和人类潜力的科学研究为心理学研究带来了光明。分析句子结构可知，此处是句子谓语部分，根据时间状语“Over the past two decades”需用现在完成时， 主语是movement，应使用第三人称单数形式。故填has brightened。
12．考查宾语从句。句意：它认为，心理学家不仅应该研究精神疾病，还应该研究什么让生活变得有价值。分析句子结构可知，此处是not only…but also…的并列部分做动词investigate的宾语，此处是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“事物”。故填what。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：积极心理学的创始人 Martin Seligman将幸福描述为经历频繁的积极情绪，如喜悦、兴奋和满足，以及更深层次的意义和目的感。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语形式，combine与positive emotions之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词表被动，故填combined。
14．考查形容词。句意：重要的是，幸福专家认为幸福不是一种稳定的，不变的特性，但我们可以努力并最终努力实现的灵活特性。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词作定语修饰名词feature，表示“不变的”，故填unchangeable/unchanging。
15．考查定语从句。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少定语从句引导词，先行词是something，定语从句缺少宾语，故填that。
16．考查名词。句意：最近的研究表明，心理灵活性是获得更大幸福感的关键。分析句子结构可知，此处是句子主语部分应使用名词形式，表抽象意义，不可数。故填flexibility。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，对情感体验持开放态度，能够忍受一段时间的不适，可以让我们走向更丰富、更有意义的生活事件本身。分析句子结构可知，此处是句子主语部分，应使用动名词形式。故填being。
18．考查形容词比较级以及名词单复数。句意：研究还表明，与事件本身相比，我们对生活环境的反应方式对我们的幸福感影响更多(或者更大)。根据后文“than the events ___9___ (they)”可知此处表示“更大影响”应使用比较级，此处构成固定短语have an influence on 或者have influence on，因为此短语中influence表示多种不同的影响的话，为可数，应使用more influences更多影响；若强调起影响的话，为不可数，应使用more influence更大影响。故填more influences/more influence。
19．考查反身代词。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“事件本身”，需用反身代词。故填themselves。
20．考查介词。句意：与感觉幸福——一种暂时的状态——不同，过一种更幸福的生活是通过寻找意义来实现个人成长。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“暂时的幸福”和“更幸福的生活”的比较，这两种幸福是不同的， 需用介词unlike,位于句首首字母大写。故填Unlike。
（C）
（2023江苏常州·高三统考试卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was a successful afternoon all-round for France on Sunday. The team ___21___ (book) its ticket to the quarterfinals of the 2022 World Cup with___22___3-1 victory over Poland. And members of the team hit a number of historic marks.
France’s goalkeeper Hugo Lloris made his 142nd appearance,___23___(come) level(平齐的) with Lilian Thuram as his country’s most-capped player. Up front, Olivier Giroud became France’s ___24___(lead) men’s scorer with his 52nd goal for Les Bleus, breaking Thierry Henry’s record.
___25___ , the star of the show on Sunday was Kylian Mbappé,___26___ continued his record-setting pace with a forceful double. At just 23 years of age, Mbappé is one of the most exciting talents in world football, and ___27___ (consistent) delivers on the biggest stage for France.
Having helped secure the nation’s second World Cup title in 2018 as a 19-year-old, he is continuing his ___28___(dominate) four years later. His double in the match___29___Poland means he has scored five goals at this year’s tournament(锦标赛), as he leads the race for the Golden Boot award, two goals ahead of Lionel Messi, Giroud and a host of other players.
However, more significantly, Mbappé has scored nine goals in World Cups, becoming the first player ____30____(reach) that mark before his 24th birthday. Mbappé passed two footballing legends with his double. Both Diego Maradona and Cristiano Ronaldo have eight World Cup goals to their names.
【答案】
21．booked 22．a 23．coming 24．leading 25．However 26．who 27．consistently 28．domination##dominance 29．against##with 30．to reach
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述周日下午法国队的一次成功的全能比赛并介绍了成员创下的许多历史性的记录。
21．考查动词时态。句意：这支球队以3比1战胜波兰，锁定了2022年世界杯四分之一决赛的门票。设空处为谓语，根据上文可知是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填booked。
22．考查冠词。句意同上。设空处修饰名词victory，表示一次胜利，应用冠词修饰，空后单词以辅音音素开头，故填a。
23．考查现在分词。句意：法国队门将Hugo Lloris第142次出场，追平了Lilian Thuram，成为法国出场次数最多的球员。设空处为非谓语动词，和句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填coming。
24．考查形容词。句意：在前场，Olivier Giroud凭借自己在蓝衣军团的第52粒进球，打破了蒂埃里·亨利的纪录，成为法国队最佳射手。设空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词形式，故填leading。
25．考查副词。句意：然而，周日节目的明星是Kylian Mbappé，他继续以强有力的双杀打破了他的记录。分析可知，本句和上文构成转折关系，位于句首且有逗号隔开，应用however，句首单词首字母大写，故填However。
26．考查定语从句。句意同上。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Kylian Mbappé，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。
27．考查副词。句意：年仅23岁的Mbappé是世界足坛最令人兴奋的天才之一，并始终在法国最大的舞台上表现出色。设空处修饰动词delivers，应用副词作状语，故填consistently。
28．考查名词。句意：2018年，19岁的他帮助巴西夺得了第二次世界杯冠军，四年后，他继续着自己的统治地位。设空处接在形容词性物主代词his后，应用名词形式，故填domination / dominance。
29．考查介词。句意：他在与波兰的比赛中梅开二度，这意味着他在今年的比赛中已经打进5球，他领先梅西、吉鲁和其他许多球员2球，领跑金靴奖。分析可知，设空处应用介词，表示对抗波兰或者是和波兰的比赛，所以空出可以用against或者with，故填against / with。
30．考查不定式。句意：然而，更重要的是，Mbappé在世界杯上打进了9球，成为第一个在24岁生日之前达到这一目标的球员。设空处修饰名词player作定语，名词前面有the first修饰，一般用不定式作后置定语，故填to reach。
（D）
（2023江苏扬州·高三统考开学考试）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is nothing quite so French as a baguette—a long, thin stick of bread that’s found in every French bakery in the world. ____31____ this traditional food isn’t just a snack; the baguette is an important part of French culture.
According to one legend, the baguette ____32____ (create) in Austria by a baker who introduced the steam oven to France in 1839. This baking method made it possible to bake bread with a crispy crust (酥皮) and light center.
Baguettes grew in ____33____ (popular) in France throughout the 19th century. Early baguettes were much larger than those of today. ____34____ (measure) around two meters long, these baguettes were carried by delivery women, who piled them like firewood on their backs. When ____35____ (serve), these huge baguettes were commonly laid along the dinner table, as they were too long to fit the table’s width!
While the bread dates back to the 1800s, the term baguette wasn’t regularly used until the 1920s, ____36____ a new law prevented bakers from working before 4:00 a. m. Following the law’s introduction, bakers started making bread with a long, thin shape so that it would bake ____37____ (fast) and be ready in time for breakfast. Baguette began to be used to refer to this fast-baking bread.
Baguette eating comes with ____38____ (it) own set of customs. For example, it’s considered unlucky to place a baguette upside down on a table. And baguettes are usually broken apart by hand during meals, not sliced ____39____ a knife. However you enjoy them, just remember that you’re not just eating bread, you’re eating ____40____ symbol of France!
【答案】
31．But/Yet 32．was created 33．popularity 34．Measuring 35．served 36．when 37．faster 38．its 39．with 40．a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是法棍面包的相关情况。
31．考查连词。句意：但是，这种传统食物不仅仅是零食。由“the baguette is an important part of French culture”可知，句子表示“但是，这种传统食物不仅仅是零食”，空格处意为“但是”，用but/yet表转折，位于句首，首字母大写，故填But/Yet。
32．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一个传说，法棍面包是由奥地利的一位面包师在1839年将蒸汽炉引入法国后发明的。法棍面包是被发明，由“in 1839”可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语baguette是单数，因此空格处用was created。故填was created。
33．考查名词。句意：整个19世纪，法棍面包在法国越来越受欢迎。空格处用名词作宾语，popular的名词是popularity，意为“受欢迎程度”，是不可数名词，故填popularity。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些长约两米的法棍由快递员携带，她们把它们像柴火一样堆在背上。句中谓语是were carried，空格处用非谓语动词，measure是不及物动词，意为“（尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为”，baguettes和measure是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Measuring。
35．考查时态，语态，主谓一致和省略。句意：当这些巨大的法棍面包端上来时，通常是沿着餐桌摆放的，因为它们太长了，不适合餐桌的宽度！根据语境可知，此处表示“当这些巨大的法棍面包端上来时”，when引导的时间状语从句是when they are served，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是served。故填served。
36．考查定语从句。句意：虽然这种面包的历史可以追溯到19世纪，但baguette这个词直到20世纪20年代才被经常使用，当时一项新法律禁止面包师在凌晨4点之前工作。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词1920s是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。
37．考查比较级。句意：随着法律的引入，面包师开始把面包做得又长又薄，这样面包烤得更快，可以及时用作早餐。由“bakers started making bread with a long, thin shape”可知，句子表示“面包师开始把面包做得又长又薄，这样面包烤得更快”，空格处用比较级faster。故填faster。
38．考查物主代词。句意：吃法棍面包有自己的一套习俗。one’s own意为“某人自己的”，因此空格处用物主代词its，故填its。
39．考查介词。句意：用餐时，法棍面包通常用手掰开，而不是用刀切成薄片。由“baguettes are usually broken apart by hand during meals”可知，句子表示“法棍面包通常用手掰开，而不是用刀切成薄片”，空格处意为“用”，用介词with，故填with。
40．考查冠词。句意：不管你喜欢吃什么，记住你吃的不只是面包，你吃的是法国的象征！symbol是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，symbol是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
（E）
（2023江苏·高三统考开学考试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Home to the headwaters of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, the Sanjiangyuan area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) is known as “China’s water tower.” It is a ____41____ (whole) unique plateau wetland ecosystem and serves as ____42____ important ecological defense for the country.
Decades ago, serious environmental degradation (恶化) in Sanjiangyuan, ____43____ was caused by climate change and human activities, resulted in a large number of lakes drying out and wildlife numbers falling sharply. In 2016, the pilot program for the Sanjiangyuan National Park management system ____44____ (launch). Through painstaking practice, development and innovation, efforts have been made ____45____ (turn) the park into a symbol of the progress of China’s ecological civilization.
Over the past years, the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ____46____ (experience) comprehensive changes. Water conservation in the area has risen ____47____ 11 percent every year, compared with 10 years ago.
Local residents enjoy the gifts given by nature, and the ____48____ (establish) of the national park has enabled them to transform from exploiting (开发) nature to becoming its protectors and benefiting from it. Some work as tour guides, ____49____ (assist) visitors from home and abroad.
Today, as people walk on the vast land of Sanjiangyuan, looking at the expansive mountains, glaciers, lakes and pastures, ____50____ catching sight of wild animals and birds, they cannot help be impressed by the vastness and beauty of nature.
【答案】
41．wholly 42．an 43．which 44．was launched 45．to turn 46．has experienced 47．by 48．establishment 49．assisting 50．and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了三江源生态恶化，国家采取了一系列措施保护该地区，并取得了成效。
41．考查副词。句意：它是一个完全独特的高原湿地生态系统，是国家重要的生态防御。空后为形容词，结合句意及提示词，空处应为副词，修饰unique。故填wholly。
42．考查冠词。句意：它是一个完全独特的高原湿地生态系统，是国家重要的生态防御。空后important为元音音素的单词，结合句意可知空处应为冠词，故填an。
43．考查定语从句。句意：几十年前，由于气候变化和人类活动造成的三江源环境严重恶化，导致大量湖泊干涸，野生动物数量急剧下降。分析句子可知，空处缺主语，为非限制性定语从句，serious environmental degradation in Sanjiangyuan为先行词，故填which。
44．考查被动语态。句意：2016年，启动三江源国家公园管理体系试点。主语为Sanjiangyuan National Park management system是单数，和lanuch为被动关系，时间2016为过去时，故填was lancuhed。
45．考查不定式。句意：通过潜心实践、发展和创新，努力使园区成为中国生态文明进步的象征。painstaking practice, development and innovation, efforts为主语，have been made为谓语，空出为不定式做目的状语，用to+不定式，故填to turn。
46．考查现在完成时。句意：多年来，青藏高原生态环境发生了全面变化。根据Over the past years可知，时态为现在完成时，主语为the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau为单数，故填has experienced。
47．考查介词。句意：与10年前相比，该地区的节水率每年增长11%。rise by为固定搭配，其后常跟表示增长的幅度，也就是说增长了多少，by后通常接分数、百分数、倍数等。故填by。
48．考查名词。句意：当地居民享受大自然的馈赠，国家公园的建立使他们从开发自然转变为成为自然的保护者并从中受益。根据句意，结合空前冠词及空后介词of可知，空处为名词。故填establishment。
49．考查现在分词。句意：有些人担任导游，协助来自国内外的游客。assist与tour guides构成主动关系，应用现在分词。故填assisting。
50．考查连词。句意：如今，当人们走在三江源这片广袤的土地上，望着辽阔的山峦、冰川、湖泊和牧场，看到野生动物和鸟类时，不禁被大自然的浩瀚和美丽所折服。句中looking at the expansive mountains, glaciers, lakes and pastures和catching sight of wild animals and birds 为并列结构，应用and连接。故填and。
（F）
（2022江苏无锡·高三统考试卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China in Translation: Exhibition of International Communication Achievements of China Books in the New Era, 2022 formally ____51____ (open) at the Frankfurt Book Fair in Germany on October 19, 2022.
Hosted by China National Publications Import and Export Co., Ltd. (CNPIEC), ____52____ five-day event includes a physical book fair and a broadcasting of a media video collection. The physical book fair presents a collection of more than 300 titles ____53____ (original) written in Chinese alongside ____54____ (they) translated versions involving more than 30 languages, including English, Russian an German, ____55____ covers a wide range of topics, such as Chinese economy, literature, history, art and some topics about contemporary China.
The media collection displays multiple videos ____56____ (feature) 20 internationally well-known scholars and experts explaining on topics related to China, including VioletaBulc, former European Commissioner(委员) for mobility and transport of European Commission and former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovenia and Stephan Petermann, advisor of Dutch Creative Industries Fund.
The featured exhibition, a brand(品牌) project ____57____ (create) by CNPIEC and displayed in an exhibit for the first time in 2019, comprehensively presents the publication and promotion of Chinese books in overseas markets from different ____58____ (perspective) based on China’s key achievements in the global publishing sector, ____59____ the aim of promoting exchanges and cooperation between Chinese ____60____ international publishing communities as well as boosting communications.
【答案】
51．opened 52．the 53．originally 54．their 55．which 56．featuring 57．created 58．perspectives 59．with 60．and
【导语】这是一篇说明文，“译介中国：2022新时代中国图书国际交流成果展”于2022年10月19日在德国法兰克福书展期间正式开幕，文章主要介绍了该展览的内容。
51．考查一般过去时。句意：2022年10月19日，“译介中国：2022新时代中国图书国际交流成果展”在德国法兰克福书展正式开幕。根据时间状语“in Germany on October 19, 2022”可知，此处是讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填opened。
52．考查定冠词。句意：由中国图书进出口有限公司（CNPIEC）主办，这个为期五天的活动包括一个实体书展和一个媒体视频集的播放。此处特指上文提到过的活动，用定冠词the。故填the。
53．考查副词。句意：实体书展展出了300多本中文原版图书及其翻译版本，涉及英语、俄语和德语等30多种语言，涵盖了中国经济、文学、历史、艺术以及当代中国的一些话题。此处修饰动词written，应用副词形式。故填originally。
54．考查形容词性物主代词。句意同上。此处应用形容词性物主代词，修饰名词versions。故填their。
55．考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The physical book fair，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
56．考查现在分词。句意：媒体视频集播放了20位国际知名学者和专家有关中国的发言视频，如中欧互联互通平台协调员、斯洛文尼亚前副总理维VioletaBulc和荷兰创意产业基金会顾问Stephan Petermann。动词feature和videos之间是主谓关系，此处用现在分词作后置定语。故填featuring。
57．考查过去分词。句意：这个专题展览是CNPIEC于2019年创办并首次实施的品牌项目，以中国在全球出版领域取得的重要成就为基础，从不同角度全面展示中国图书在海外市场的出版推广情况，旨在促进中国与国际出版界的交流与合作，促进交流。动词create和project之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词作定语。故填created。
58．考查名词复数。句意同上。perspective视角，可数名词，由空前的different可知，此处应用复数形式。故填perspectives。
59．考查介词。句意同上。with the aim of…以……为目标，目的是……，固定短语。故填with。
60．考查连词。句意同上。between…and…在……和……之间，固定短语。故填and。
（G）
（2023江苏盐城·高三统考试卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Aiming to inspire the people of various countries to learn Chinese, the video series The Imagination of Art was released on Oct. 24.
The project, ____61____ (joint) produced by the Center for Language Education and Cooperation and Central Academy of Fine Arts, selects multiple art pieces created by four artists: Wu Jian’an, Kang Lei, Lu Zhengyuan and Zhang Fan.
Under the theme of “Chinese language plus arts”, the series____62____ (comprise) of two parts the first part of which contains four episodes, each____63____ (feature) one artist. The second part will sec education experts guide Chinese learning from their____64____ (work).
In the first episode, Wu, one director of Fine Arts Experimental Art School at the academy____65____ (share) his creation procedure of The Heaven of Nine Levels, ____66____ hand-carved piece inspired by Shan Hai Jing. The second introduces The Garden of Forking Paths, artist Kang’s painting,____67____ title is inspired from Jorge Borges’ novel. The work demonstrates Kang’s reflection ____68____ time, as she paints different sceneries and objects in different places and at different times worldwide ____69____(record) her feelings and experiences.
The other two episodes are respectively about Lu’s work Solid Liquid and Zhang’s work Tianxin, both of which have a_____70_____ (power) effect on people learning Chinese.
【答案】
61．jointly 62．is comprised 63．featuring 64．works 65．shares 66．a 67．whose 68．on 69．to record 70．powerful
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是为了激励各国人们学习汉语，在10月24日发行了《艺术的想象》系列视频。
61．考查副词。句意：该项目由中央美术学院语言教育与合作中心联合制作，精选吴建安、康蕾、陆正元、张帆四位艺术家创作的多件艺术作品。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词produced。故填jointly。
62．考查谓语动词。句意：该系列以“中国语言加艺术”为主题，由两部分组成，第一部分包含四集，每集由一位艺术家主演。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据从句中的谓语动词contains以及全文主时态可知，该谓语动词使用一般现在时态，与主语之间为被动关系，且主语为单数。故填is comprised。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：该系列以“中国语言加艺术”为主题，由两部分组成，第一部分包含四集，每集由一位艺术家主演。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，与空前的each构成独立主格结构，feature与逻辑主语each间为主动关系，表当前的状态，所以使用现在分词形式。故填featuring。
64．考查名词。句意：第二部分将由教育专家从作品中指导中国人学习。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处work意为“作品，著作”为可数名词，空前有their修饰，结合语境可知，此处为名词复数。故填works。
65．考查谓语动词。句意：在第一集节目中，中国美术学院美术实验艺术学院院长吴老师分享了他受山海经启发而创作的手工雕刻作品《九层天》的创作过程。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，句子主语为Wu为第三人称单数，且与谓语动词间为主动关系，根据下文中的谓语动词introduce 可知，此处也为一般现在时态。故填shares。
66．考查冠词。句意：在第一集节目中，中国美术学院美术实验艺术学院院长吴老师分享了他受山海经启发而创作的手工雕刻作品《九层天》的创作过程。分析句子结构可知，此空所在的名词短语为同位语，解释空前的名词The Heaven of Nine Levels，空后为可数名词单数，结合句意可知，此处表泛指，且空后单词的第一个音节为辅音。故填a。
67．考查连词。句意：第二部分介绍了艺术家康蕾的画作《小径花园》，其标题灵感来自豪尔赫·博尔赫斯的小说。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的定语从句，空前的先行词与空后名词为所属关系。故填whose。
68．考查介词。句意：这件作品展示了康蕾对时间的反思，她在世界各地不同的地方和不同时间绘制不同的风景和物体，以记录她的感受和经历。固定搭配reflect on(反思)。故填on。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意：这件作品展示了康蕾对时间的反思，她在世界各地不同的地方和不同时间绘制不同的风景和物体，以记录她的感受和经历。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处为目的状语，表示“为了”，所以使用动词不定式形式，与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系。故填to record。
70．考查形容词。句意：另外两集分别讲述了陆老师的《固体液体》和张老师的《天心》，这两部作品对人们学习汉语都有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，power的形容词为powerful意为“强有力的”。故填powerful。
（H）
（2023江苏苏州·高三统考试卷）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Illegal ivory (象牙) hunting once posed a significant threat to Kenya’s elephants. But now the giants of the animal kingdom ___71___(face) an even bigger risk: climate change.
In the past years, Kenyan ___72___(official) have cracked down on hunting, ___73___ has targeted giraffes for their meat, bones and hair and elephants for their ivory tusks. But as Kenya battles its worst drought in four decades, the crisis is killing 20 times more elephants ___74___ hunting. In Tsavo National Park much wildlife ___75___(flee) in recent years in search of water. To survive, elephants require vast landscapes for food. Adults can consume 300 pounds of food and more than 50 gallons of water ___76___ day. But rivers, soil and grassland are drying up, ___77___(result) in poor and deadly environment.
In the last year, at least 179 elephants have died of thirst, while hunting has claimed the lives of fewer than 10, Kenyan Tourism and Wildlife Secretary Najib Balala told the BBC． “It is a red alarm.” he said of the crisis. Balala suggested that ___78___ much time and effort has been spent tackling illegal hunting that ___79___(environment) issues have been ignored. “We have forgotten to invest into biodiversity ____80____(manage) and ecosystems,” he said. “Something must be done to deal with climate change.”
【答案】
71．are facing 72．officials 73．which 74．than 75．has fled 76．a 77．resulting 78．so 79．environmental 80．management
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述以前非法猎杀对大象构成严重威胁，但是现在气候变化给大象带来更大的危险。
71．考查时态。句意：但现在，动物王国的巨人们正面临着更大的风险：气候变化。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语now可知应用现在进行时，主语the giants，谓语用复数形式，故填are facing。
72．考查名词的数。句意：在过去的几年里，肯尼亚大学的官员们已经严厉打击了狩猎活动，比如猎取长颈鹿的肉、骨头、毛发和大象的象牙。设空处为主语，应用名词，根据后面谓语have cracked down，可知主语应用复数形式，故填officials。
73．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词hunting，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填which。
74．考查介词。句意：但随着肯尼亚与40年来最严重的干旱作斗争，这场危机杀死的大象数量是狩猎的20倍。根据前面的20 times more elephants可知前后是比较，应该用介词than，故填than。
75．考查时态。句意：在察沃国家公园，许多野生动物近年来为了寻找水源而逃离。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in recent years可知应用现在完成时，主语是much wildlife，谓语用第三人称单数，故填has fled。
76．考查冠词。句意：成年大象每天可以消耗300磅的食物和超过50加仑的水。根据句意可知设空处意思为“每，一”，可以用不定冠词，故填a。
77．考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，河流、土壤和草地正在干涸，导致了恶劣和致命的环境。设空处为非谓语，和句子的主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填resulting。
78．考查状语从句。句意：巴拉拉认为，人们在解决非法狩猎问题上花费了太多的时间和精力，而忽视了环境问题。分析可知本句为结果状语从句，用so/such…that…连接，意为“如此……以至于……”，so后面一般接形容词或副词，such后面一般接名词，设空处后面是名词，但是有much修饰，所以应用so，故填so。
79．考查形容词。句意：同上。设空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词，故填environmental。
80．考查名词。句意：我们忘记了投资于生物多样性管理和生态系统，”他说。设空处是宾语，应用名词形式，故填management。
（2020年江苏省英语高考试卷）
Humor
If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.
Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.
Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.
In my experience, most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that’s true. But not all senses of humor are created equal. So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
You don’t have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by association.
When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to try it themselves. So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. People need permission to be funny in social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor. For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.
Some people--and I was one of them--believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor. One funny observation about problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.
Self-deprecating(自嘲式) humor is usually the safest type, but here again you don’t want to overshoot the target. One self-deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor. You have to be at least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others. But if you do it too often, you can transform in the eyes of others from a confident joker to a Chihuahua dog.
Humor
Benefits of humor ●Humor is form of ____71____. Humor can improve one’s___72___ and personality. ●Humor can make one ____73____ in his work, study, and life. ●Humor has a positive____74____ effect when we are in difficulties.
____75____to follow ●____76____ others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor. ●Quality counts ____77____ than attitude and effort-even stupid joke can ____78____ others of risk and embarrassment.
Traps to ___79___ ●One humorous complaint makes funny person. But too many complaints will _____80_____ your audience. ●Self-deprecating comments show one’s assurance. But too much deprecation will make a Chihuahua dog.
【答案】71. entertainment
72. appearance/look
73. energetic
74. psychological
75. Tips/Suggestions/Advice
76. Preparing
77. less 78. relieve/free
79. avoid/skip
80. bore/tire/exhaust
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幽默的好处，讲遵循的技巧以及所要避开的陷阱。
【71题详解】
原词再现题。根据文章第一段“If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you're missing some of its biggest benefits( 如果你把幽默看作是一种可选的娱乐形式，你就错过了它的一些最大的好处)”可知，幽默是一种娱乐形式。故填entertainment。
【72题详解】
语意转化题。根据文章第一段“Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. (幽默能让相貌平平的人看起来可爱，让不感兴趣的人看起来很有趣。)”可知，幽默可以改善一个人的外表和个性。故填appearance/look。
【73题详解】
词性转换题。根据文章第二段“Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. (最重要的是，幽默能提升你的精力，这会对你在学校、工作或个人生活中所做的一切产生影响。)”可知，幽默能使人在工作、学习和生活中充满活力。句中名词energy转换成形容词energetic故填energetic。
【74题详解】
语意转化题。根据文章第三段“Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. (幽默还能使你的思维从日常烦恼中解脱出来。)”可知，幽默让你理解生活，有时帮助你在最困难时能够大笑。可以推断出当我们遇到困难时，幽默会对我们的心理产生影响。故填psychological。
【75题详解】
原词再现题。根据文章第四段“So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.(所以我觉得在日常生活中加入一些幽默技巧会很有用。)”可知，这里为幽默所要遵循的建议或技巧。故填Tips/Suggestions/Advice。
【76题详解】
语意转化题。根据文章第五段“You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. (你可以把谈话引向有趣的话题，而这些话题已经为其他人增添了幽默感。)”可知，这里指为他人准备一场有趣的对话。所填词中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填Preparing。
【77题详解】
语意转化题。根据文章第六段“When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. (说到个人幽默，努力是很重要的。)”和”For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.( 对于面对面的幽默，质量并不像你想象的那么重要。你的态度和努力很重要。)”可知，质量没有态度和努力重要。故填less。
【78题详解】
原词再现题。根据文章第六段“So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. (所以，即使你自己的幽默努力失败了，你也可能释放了别人长期保持的幽默。)”可知，即使是一个愚蠢的笑话也能让别人免于风险和尴尬。短语relieve/free…of…免于……。故填relieve/free。
【79题详解】
归纳总结题。根据表格此栏后面的内容可知，这里是讲幽默所需要避开的陷阱。故填avoid/skip。
【80题详解】
语意转化题。根据文章倒数第二段”One funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out. (对生活中某个问题的一个有趣的观察可能很有趣，但五个就是只有抱怨了，不管你认为自己有多聪明。有趣的抱怨会让人筋疲力尽。)”可知，太多的抱怨只会让人厌烦或筋疲力尽。故填bore/tire/exhaust。
(2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考 I 卷）
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】56. What
57. humans 58. undoubtedly
59. hotter 60. astonished
61. was 62. and
63. aching 64. mine
65. a
【解析】
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
【56题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
【57题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
【58题详解】
考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
【59题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
【61题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
【64题详解】
考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。专题05 语法填空
冲刺高考英语大题突破
（原卷版）
该题型它将语法知识的考查置于短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给填空两种形式来表现，主要考查学生的英语综合应用能力，通过语篇中考查学生的理解语篇的能力，分析句子结构以及熟练运用语法的能力。
(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题)
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____65_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【设空有提示词时】
1.动词考虑是谓语还是非谓语
谓语则考虑时态、语态、主谓一致；
非谓语则考虑非谓语的解题思路，主动关系、被动关系和 固定搭配等原则；
2.名词考虑变为复数形式、形容词、或动词派生词；
3.形容词考虑变为副词、比较级、否定前缀或名词派生词；
4.代词则根据上下文空格前后的词判断用何种代词形式。
【设空无提示词时】
当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。
1.关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关系副词when, where, why
2.名词性从句：that, whether,if；连接代词what/which/who/whatever等；连接副词where/why/how/when等
3.状语从句：when/while/if/unless/because/until等
4.当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。
5.当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
6.代词在语法填空中主要考查it的用法，此外还有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和不定代词需要掌握。
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science ____36____Qian Xuesen. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian went to the United States for further studies in 1935. Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology, he and his colleagues ____37____ (found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1940s, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
____38____(overcome) many difficulties in the US, Qian eventually returned to China in 1955. He received a ____39____(hero) welcome from his homeland. At that time, in poor China, its rocket science was undeveloped—No majors in rocket science; No talents; No experts. Nevertheless, the “No”s didn’t discourage him from taking ____40____the challenge. His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ” was a ____41____(determine) “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things ____42____other people make.”
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite. Even much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’ research, so he earned the name of “the father of China’ aerospace”.
Qian was extremely ____43____(knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However, ____44____might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him _____45_____(inspire) in his-scientific research.
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
【来源】江苏省南通市海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题
（A）
（2022·江苏·统考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Consisting of a bamboo frame and a ____1____ (delicate) painted paper surface, Chinese oil-paper umbrellas have long been viewed as a symbol of China’s tradition of cultural craftsmanship and poetic beauty. Not just are they an instrument to keep off rain or sunlight, but also works of art ____2____(possess)rich cultural significance and aesthetic(美的)value.
The first oil-paper umbrellas appeared during Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220).Later,they____3____ (bring) overseas to Japan and ancient Korea during the Tang Dynasty (618-907),which is ____4____ they were known as “Tang umbrellas”.
It takes quite a lot of time and effort to make a traditional Chinese oil-paper umbrella ____5____ hand. For example,in Fenshui township in Luzhou, Sichuan Province,craftsmenmust complete more than 90 steps and use over 100 different tools____6____ (create) a single handmade oil-paper umbrella.
Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas, traditional oil-paper umbrellas____7____ (suffer) from declining sales, while ____8____ number of craftsmen has been on thedecrcase. Fortunately, with the____9____ (include) of Fenshui oil-paper umbrellas as one ofChina’s national intangible cultural heritages in 2008, things have been improving. These greatitems appear in many fashion shows and media publications due to the positive publicity _____10_____ they have received.
（B）
（2022·江苏泰州·泰州中学校考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why true happiness isn’t about being happy all the time
Over the past two decades, the positive psychology movement ___11___ (brighten) up psychological research with its science of happiness, human potential and flourishing. It argues that psychologists should investigate not only mental illness but also ___12___ makes life worth living.
The founding father of positive psychology, Martin Seligman, describes happiness as experiencing frequent positive emotions, such as joy, excitement and satisfaction, ___13___ (combine) with deeper feelings of meaning and purpose. It implies a positive attitude in the present and an optimistic outlook for the future. Importantly, happiness experts have argued that happiness is not a stable, ___14___ (change) feature but something flexible ___15___ we can work on and ultimately strive towards.
Recent research indicates that psychological ___16___ (flexible) is the key to greater happiness and well-being. For example, ___17___ (be) open to emotional experiences and the ability to tolerate periods of discomfort can allow us to move towards a richer, more meaningful existence. Studies have also demonstrated that the way we respond to the circumstances of our lives has ___18___ (influence) on our happiness than the events ___19___ (they). Experiencing stress, sadness and anxiety in the short term doesn’t mean we can’t be happy in the long term. Often when people have faced difficulty, illness or loss, they describe their lives as happier and more meaningful as a result.
_____20_____ feeling happy, which is a temporary state, leading a happier life is about individual growth by finding meaning through the whole life. It is about accepting our humanity with all its ups and downs, enjoying the positive emotions, and making use of painful feelings in order to reach our full potential.
（C）
（2023江苏常州·高三统考试卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was a successful afternoon all-round for France on Sunday. The team ___21___ (book) its ticket to the quarterfinals of the 2022 World Cup with___22___3-1 victory over Poland. And members of the team hit a number of historic marks.
France’s goalkeeper Hugo Lloris made his 142nd appearance,___23___(come) level(平齐的) with Lilian Thuram as his country’s most-capped player. Up front, Olivier Giroud became France’s ___24___(lead) men’s scorer with his 52nd goal for Les Bleus, breaking Thierry Henry’s record.
___25___ , the star of the show on Sunday was Kylian Mbappé,___26___ continued his record-setting pace with a forceful double. At just 23 years of age, Mbappé is one of the most exciting talents in world football, and ___27___ (consistent) delivers on the biggest stage for France.
Having helped secure the nation’s second World Cup title in 2018 as a 19-year-old, he is continuing his ___28___(dominate) four years later. His double in the match___29___Poland means he has scored five goals at this year’s tournament(锦标赛), as he leads the race for the Golden Boot award, two goals ahead of Lionel Messi, Giroud and a host of other players.
However, more significantly, Mbappé has scored nine goals in World Cups, becoming the first player ____30____(reach) that mark before his 24th birthday. Mbappé passed two footballing legends with his double. Both Diego Maradona and Cristiano Ronaldo have eight World Cup goals to their names.
（D）
（2023江苏扬州·高三统考开学考试）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is nothing quite so French as a baguette—a long, thin stick of bread that’s found in every French bakery in the world. ____31____ this traditional food isn’t just a snack; the baguette is an important part of French culture.
According to one legend, the baguette ____32____ (create) in Austria by a baker who introduced the steam oven to France in 1839. This baking method made it possible to bake bread with a crispy crust (酥皮) and light center.
Baguettes grew in ____33____ (popular) in France throughout the 19th century. Early baguettes were much larger than those of today. ____34____ (measure) around two meters long, these baguettes were carried by delivery women, who piled them like firewood on their backs. When ____35____ (serve), these huge baguettes were commonly laid along the dinner table, as they were too long to fit the table’s width!
While the bread dates back to the 1800s, the term baguette wasn’t regularly used until the 1920s, ____36____ a new law prevented bakers from working before 4:00 a. m. Following the law’s introduction, bakers started making bread with a long, thin shape so that it would bake ____37____ (fast) and be ready in time for breakfast. Baguette began to be used to refer to this fast-baking bread.
Baguette eating comes with ____38____ (it) own set of customs. For example, it’s considered unlucky to place a baguette upside down on a table. And baguettes are usually broken apart by hand during meals, not sliced ____39____ a knife. However you enjoy them, just remember that you’re not just eating bread, you’re eating ____40____ symbol of France!
（E）
（2023江苏·高三统考开学考试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Home to the headwaters of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, the Sanjiangyuan area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) is known as “China’s water tower.” It is a ____41____ (whole) unique plateau wetland ecosystem and serves as ____42____ important ecological defense for the country.
Decades ago, serious environmental degradation (恶化) in Sanjiangyuan, ____43____ was caused by climate change and human activities, resulted in a large number of lakes drying out and wildlife numbers falling sharply. In 2016, the pilot program for the Sanjiangyuan National Park management system ____44____ (launch). Through painstaking practice, development and innovation, efforts have been made ____45____ (turn) the park into a symbol of the progress of China’s ecological civilization.
Over the past years, the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ____46____ (experience) comprehensive changes. Water conservation in the area has risen ____47____ 11 percent every year, compared with 10 years ago.
Local residents enjoy the gifts given by nature, and the ____48____ (establish) of the national park has enabled them to transform from exploiting (开发) nature to becoming its protectors and benefiting from it. Some work as tour guides, ____49____ (assist) visitors from home and abroad.
Today, as people walk on the vast land of Sanjiangyuan, looking at the expansive mountains, glaciers, lakes and pastures, ____50____ catching sight of wild animals and birds, they cannot help be impressed by the vastness and beauty of nature.
（F）
（2022江苏无锡·高三统考试卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China in Translation: Exhibition of International Communication Achievements of China Books in the New Era, 2022 formally ____51____ (open) at the Frankfurt Book Fair in Germany on October 19, 2022.
Hosted by China National Publications Import and Export Co., Ltd. (CNPIEC), ____52____ five-day event includes a physical book fair and a broadcasting of a media video collection. The physical book fair presents a collection of more than 300 titles ____53____ (original) written in Chinese alongside ____54____ (they) translated versions involving more than 30 languages, including English, Russian an German, ____55____ covers a wide range of topics, such as Chinese economy, literature, history, art and some topics about contemporary China.
The media collection displays multiple videos ____56____ (feature) 20 internationally well-known scholars and experts explaining on topics related to China, including VioletaBulc, former European Commissioner(委员) for mobility and transport of European Commission and former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovenia and Stephan Petermann, advisor of Dutch Creative Industries Fund.
The featured exhibition, a brand(品牌) project ____57____ (create) by CNPIEC and displayed in an exhibit for the first time in 2019, comprehensively presents the publication and promotion of Chinese books in overseas markets from different ____58____ (perspective) based on China’s key achievements in the global publishing sector, ____59____ the aim of promoting exchanges and cooperation between Chinese ____60____ international publishing communities as well as boosting communications.
（G）
（2023江苏盐城·高三统考试卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Aiming to inspire the people of various countries to learn Chinese, the video series The Imagination of Art was released on Oct. 24.
The project, ____61____ (joint) produced by the Center for Language Education and Cooperation and Central Academy of Fine Arts, selects multiple art pieces created by four artists: Wu Jian’an, Kang Lei, Lu Zhengyuan and Zhang Fan.
Under the theme of “Chinese language plus arts”, the series____62____ (comprise) of two parts the first part of which contains four episodes, each____63____ (feature) one artist. The second part will sec education experts guide Chinese learning from their____64____ (work).
In the first episode, Wu, one director of Fine Arts Experimental Art School at the academy____65____ (share) his creation procedure of The Heaven of Nine Levels, ____66____ hand-carved piece inspired by Shan Hai Jing. The second introduces The Garden of Forking Paths, artist Kang’s painting,____67____ title is inspired from Jorge Borges’ novel. The work demonstrates Kang’s reflection ____68____ time, as she paints different sceneries and objects in different places and at different times worldwide ____69____(record) her feelings and experiences.
The other two episodes are respectively about Lu’s work Solid Liquid and Zhang’s work Tianxin, both of which have a_____70_____ (power) effect on people learning Chinese.
（H）
（2023江苏苏州·高三统考试卷）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Illegal ivory (象牙) hunting once posed a significant threat to Kenya’s elephants. But now the giants of the animal kingdom ___71___(face) an even bigger risk: climate change.
In the past years, Kenyan ___72___(official) have cracked down on hunting, ___73___ has targeted giraffes for their meat, bones and hair and elephants for their ivory tusks. But as Kenya battles its worst drought in four decades, the crisis is killing 20 times more elephants ___74___ hunting. In Tsavo National Park much wildlife ___75___(flee) in recent years in search of water. To survive, elephants require vast landscapes for food. Adults can consume 300 pounds of food and more than 50 gallons of water ___76___ day. But rivers, soil and grassland are drying up, ___77___(result) in poor and deadly environment.
In the last year, at least 179 elephants have died of thirst, while hunting has claimed the lives of fewer than 10, Kenyan Tourism and Wildlife Secretary Najib Balala told the BBC． “It is a red alarm.” he said of the crisis. Balala suggested that ___78___ much time and effort has been spent tackling illegal hunting that ___79___(environment) issues have been ignored. “We have forgotten to invest into biodiversity ____80____(manage) and ecosystems,” he said. “Something must be done to deal with climate change.”
（2020年江苏省英语高考试卷）
Humor
If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.
Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.
Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.
In my experience, most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that’s true. But not all senses of humor are created equal. So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
You don’t have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by association.
When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to try it themselves. So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. People need permission to be funny in social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor. For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.
Some people--and I was one of them--believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor. One funny observation about problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.
Self-deprecating(自嘲式) humor is usually the safest type, but here again you don’t want to overshoot the target. One self-deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor. You have to be at least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others. But if you do it too often, you can transform in the eyes of others from a confident joker to a Chihuahua dog.
Humor
Benefits of humor ●Humor is form of ____71____. Humor can improve one’s___72___ and personality. ●Humor can make one ____73____ in his work, study, and life. ●Humor has a positive____74____ effect when we are in difficulties.
____75____to follow ●____76____ others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor. ●Quality counts ____77____ than attitude and effort-even stupid joke can ____78____ others of risk and embarrassment.
Traps to ___79___ ●One humorous complaint makes funny person. But too many complaints will _____80_____ your audience. ●Self-deprecating comments show one’s assurance. But too much deprecation will make a Chihuahua dog.
(2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考 I 卷）
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!

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