资源简介

(共88张PPT)
2023中考英语之阅读
考情分析
选择性阅读理解题目是每年初中学业水平考试英语学科的必考题型。
考情分析
由于选择性阅读理解题出题方式较简单，因此篇章内容就会以多样化的文体形式和更丰富的话题增加考题难度。该题型篇章问题涉及话题广泛，主要分为以下类型。（见下页表格 ）
文体 次数 话题
说明文 17 1. 风土人情（节日，艺术，景点）2. 科技（新发明，人工智能）3. 地点（建筑物，美食，动物）
议论文 11 1. 时事热点（违法驾驶，人的平均寿命）2. 日常生活（保护环境，校园暴力）
记叙文 6 1. 人物励志故事 2. 温情感人故事
应用文 1 于乡村农村游玩的广告
文章概况
考情分析
四选一阅读共有四种出题方式。
（见下页表格 ）
题型分类
主旨大意题
细节理解题
推 理判断题
词 义 猜测题
CONTENTS
目录
01
细节理解题
02
主旨大意题
03
词义猜测题
04
推理判断题
细节理解题
细节理解题
例：陕西中考2017年C篇第49题
49. What does Wei do in Xinjiang？
A. He is an officer.
B. He is a fireman.
C. He is a border keeper.
D. He is a policeman.
细节理解题
例：
...
In1964, Wei, a soldier in the army, went to Xinjiang to keep the border safe. Years later, when the other members left for other places, he chose to stay. He worked as a border keeper while keeping some sheep to support his family. Every day, he rode a horse or walked along the border. He tried his best to stop Chinese, foreigners and home-kept animals from crossing the border. He took everything about border safety seriously. When he found anything unusual or dangerous, he would call the police in time. It was really hard work.
...
细节理解题－秘诀
1.看题干，找关键词
细节理解题
1.看题干，找关键词
常见关键词：
①专有名词（人名、地名、首字母大写）
②数字（时间、年份、生日）
③感彩：
better、positive、friendly、prefer
hate、dislike、useless
Shirley Temple, the once-famous child movie star, died at the age of 85 on February 10, 2014. She was born on April 23, 1928. She was good at acting and dancing. In 1934, she starred(主演) in the movie Bright Eyes. From then on she became famous around the world. Later she starred in other movies and won a Juvenile Oscar in February, 1935.
For many Americans born in the 1930s and 1940s, Temple was not just an on-screen star but also a close friend in their childhood. She was remembered by the world as the forever "little angle". An American movie star said, "Little Shirley Temple encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression(大萧条)."
Shi Li and Cui Jiping are husband and wife. They are disabled. They complete the first Chinese encyclopedic(百科知识的) dictionary for deaf people and people with hearing problems.
The dictionary includes words on medicine, education, psychology, law, history and culture about deaf people's life. This book provides a learning tool for this special group of people and it helps them know about the world more easily.
They spent six years and over 1,000,000 yuan on the book. They first collected material for the book by themselves, then they invited a lot of experts(专家) across the country to write.
The book is warmly welcomed by the deaf. One of the readers said, "The book shows that we're not alone. We can have our own way to communicate with the world. "
46. Temple won the first Juvenile Oscar in .
A. 1928 B. 1934 C. 1935 D. 1948
Shirley Temple, the once-famous child movie star, died at the age of 85 on February 10, 2014. She was born on April 23, 1928. She was good at acting and dancing. In 1934, she starred(主演) in the movie Bright Eyes. From then on she became famous around the world. Later she starred in other movies and won a Juvenile Oscar in February, 1935.
For many Americans born in the 1930s and 1940s, Temple was not just an on-screen star but also a close friend in their childhood. She was remembered by the world as the forever "little angle". An American movie star said, "Little Shirley Temple encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression(大萧条)."
Last month, some volunteers from Xi’an went to a middle school in the mountain area. They gave away 40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books to the students. The school lies deep in the mountains. Students have to live in the school. But the school was too poor to provide beds for them, so they had to sleep on the desks. Thanks to the volunteers, now the students can sleep on their own beds in the school.
The Zaps, from Argentina(阿根廷), began their tour in their old cars several years ago. They traveled to over 40 countries with their four kids. Many people wondered what made them travel around the world. They said, "It’s just one dream, a big dream, from Argentina to the whole world. Thanks to those who supported us during our journey, our dream came true in the end." Do you want to see your dream come true If so, why not start right away
Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison in Sydney decided to do something special on the UN’s International Day of Peace. They both loved peace. They both wanted to break the world record for the longest handshake to bring more love and peace to the world. To break the world record, they needed to shake hands for over 11 hours without a stop. Finally they made it. Their arms hurt a lot, but they were very happy.
46. The volunteers gave away 　　 to the students.
A. beds and computers　 B. clothes and books
C. desks and beds　　　 D. beds and bags.
Last month, some volunteers from Xi’an went to a middle school in the mountain area. They gave away 40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books to the students. The school lies deep in the mountains. Students have to live in the school. But the school was too poor to provide beds for them, so they had to sleep on the desks. Thanks to the volunteers, now the students can sleep on their own beds in the school.
...

Most animals on land are known to us, but many living things under water are not. Now let’s get to know some of them.
Sea Cucumber
Sea cucumbers are strange animals living at the bottom of the sea. They wear brown or pale green coats with many sticks up. When summer comes, they stay deep to sleep because they are afraid of heat. And when it is autumn, they move to shallow(浅的) water and get their food.
Pike
The pike is a kind of freshwater fish. They are good swimmers and like swimming near boats, waiting to be fed. They have sharp teeth to catch fishes. When they are young, they live in groups. However, when they grow up, they prefer to live alone.
Cuttlefish
A cuttlefish can swim quite fast, so it is also called rocket(火箭) fish. It has eight arms and two feelers on its head, just around its mouth. It ejects ink(喷墨) when it is in danger. Its meat is delicious, and it is often the first choice for many people.
Octopus
An octopus has long arms, with which to catch food and protect itself. When it is sleeping, one or two of its arms are still on duty, keeping moving. Once it feels something dangerous, it can wake up at once to take action.
50. According to the passage, _______ likes to swim near boats.
A. the sea cucumber B. the pike
C. the cuttlefish D. the octopus
52. The _______ of an octopus can help protect it when in danger.
A. colour B. arms C. sound D. smells
...
Pike
The pike is a kind of freshwater fish. They are good swimmers and like swimming near boats, waiting to be fed. They have sharp teeth to catch fishes. When they are young, they live in groups. However, when they grow up, they prefer to live alone.
...
Octopus
An octopus has long arms, with which to catch food and protect itself. When it is sleeping, one or two of its arms are still on duty, keeping moving. Once it feels something dangerous, it can wake up at once to take action.


A story happened when the telegraph（电报）was the fastest method of long-distance communication. One day, a young man went to an interview for a job as a Morse code operator（莫尔斯电码报务员）.
Answering the ad in the newspaper, he went to the office address. When he arrived, he walked into a large, busy office filled with noise, including the sound of the telegraph. An office worker asked him to wait until he was called to go into the inner office. Seven other people were already in the waiting area for the interview. The young man sat down and waited with them. After a few minutes, the young man stood up, crossed the room to the door of the inner office, and walked right in. Naturally the other people wondered what was going on. They were sure that the young man made a mistake and would be refused.
A few minutes later, however, the boss came out of the inner office with the young man and said to the other people,"Gentlemen,thank you very much for coming, but the young man has got the job."
The other people were surprised, and one of them said, "Wait a minute. I don't understand. He was the last to come in, and we never even got a chance to be interviewed. Yet he got the job. That's not fair!"
The boss said, "I'm sorry, but all the time you've been sitting here, the telegraph has been sending out the following message in Mores code: ‘If you understand this message, then come right in. The job is yours.' None of you heard it or understood it. This young man did. The job is this."
50. What was the office like
A. Large, busy and noisy B. Busy, noisy and crowded
C. Large, crowded but quiet D. Busy, crowded but quiet
51. How many people went for the job interview that day
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
A story happened when the telegraph（电报）was the fastest method of long-distance communication. One day, a young man went to an interview for a job as a Morse code operator（莫尔斯电码报务员）.
Answering the ad in the newspaper, he went to the office address. When he arrived, he walked into a large, busy office filled with noise, including the sound of the telegraph. An office worker asked him to wait until he was called to go into the inner office. Seven other people were already in the waiting area for the interview. The young man sat down and waited with them. After a few minutes, the young man stood up, crossed the room to the door of the inner office, and walked right in. Naturally the other people wondered what was going on. ...


Many animals around us are smart. Let's get to know some of them.
Dolphins are smarter animals in the sea. Researchers put sea animals to a test. In the test, the researchers made red marks on the animals bodies and took them in front of a mirror. Many sea animals either ran away or fought with the ones in the mirror. However, when the dolphins saw themselves in the mirror, they tried to clean the red marks off their bodies. So the researchers believed that the dolphins knew the ones in the mirror were Just themselves.
Bees work hard,and they are smart enough to learn something.Researchers found a group of bees and taught them to tell which horizontal line(水平线)was higher than the other. If they cold find the higher line, they would get sugar as a prize. After training for a period of time, the researchers tested the bees. To their surprise, the bees found the higher horizontal line quickly and got sugChimpanzees (黑猩猩)are very human－like.They can learn fast and well. Researchers showed the numbers from one to nine on the screen. Chimpanzees and some college students were asked to remember where the numbers were after watching the numbers, in less than a second. The adult chimpanzees and the college students performed almost the same, but the young chimpanzees performed much better. It was amazing
ar. Instead,when the researchers showed them vertical line(垂直线). the bees simply flew away,because they knew there was no way to get sugar.
Chimpanzees (黑猩猩)are very human－like.They can learn fast and well. Researchers showed the numbers from one to nine on the screen. Chimpanzees and some college students were asked to remember where the numbers were after watching the numbers, in less than a second. The adult chimpanzees and the college students performed almost the same, but the young chimpanzees performed much better. It was amazing
46. In the test, the dolphin________.
A. felt afraid and ran away from the mirror.
B. tried to fight with the ones in the mirror.
C. tried to clean the red marks off their bodies.
D. didn’t find any red marks on their bodies.
Many animals around us are smart. Let's get to know some of them.
Dolphins are smarter animals in the sea. Researchers put sea animals to a test. In the test, the researchers made red marks on the animals bodies and took them in front of a mirror. Many sea animals either ran away or fought with the ones in the mirror. However, when the dolphins saw themselves in the mirror, they tried to clean the red marks off their bodies. So the researchers believed that the dolphins knew the ones in the mirror were Just themselves.
...

47.When the bees saw the vertical lines, they_______.
A. flew away B. found the higher line
C. stayed there D. found the numbers
...
Bees work hard,and they are smart enough to learn something.Researchers found a group of bees and taught them to tell which horizontal line(水平线)was higher than the other. If they cold find the higher line, they would get sugar as a prize. After training for a period of time, the researchers tested the bees. To their surprise, the bees found the higher horizontal line quickly and got sugar. Instead,when the researchers showed them vertical line(垂直线). the bees simply flew away, because they knew there was no way to get sugar.
...

48. ________performed better in remembering where the numbers were.
A. The young chimpanzees B. The adult chimpanzees
C. The old chimpanzees D. The college students
Chimpanzees (黑猩猩)are very human－like.They can learn fast and well. Researchers showed the numbers from one to nine on the screen. Chimpanzees and some college students were asked to remember where the numbers were after watching the numbers, in less than a second. The adult chimpanzees and the college students performed almost the same, but the young chimpanzees performed much better. It was amazing.

As we all know, border(边界）safety is very important to a country. In Chins, many common people, besides soldiers(军人),are doing what they can to keep the border safe. Wei Deyou is one of them.
In1964, Wei, a soldier in the army, went to Xinjiang to keep the border safe. Years later, when the other members left for other places, he chose to stay. He worked as a border keeper while keeping some sheep to support his family. Every day, he rode a horse or walked along the border. He tried his best to stop Chinese, foreigners and home-kept animals from crossing the border. He took everything about border safety seriously. When he found anything unusual or dangerous, he would call the police in time. It was really hard work.
One cold winter day in 1987, when Wei was on his way home from work, a heavy snowstorm came. He lost his way and walked for several hours. He nearly lost his life. Luckily, some soldiers saved him. Another day in 1992,his 400 sheep were driven away or killed.He knew some people hated him because of his strictness.
Wei has been working in Xinjiang for over 50 years. No matter how hard a life he lives, Wei never gives up. These years, he has walked about 200,000 kilometers along the border. He has also found many new ways to keep the border safer. For his excellent work, he has been given some pizzas. He is a model for all of us. Now he is 77 years old. He still keeps working there. Just as he said, “It’s my duty to do the job. Border safety is the most important.”
49.What does Wei do in Xinjiang
A. He is an officer. B. He is a fireman.
C. He is a border keeper. D. He is a policeman.
50.What happened to Wei on a cold winter day in 1987
A. He lost his life. B. He got hurt.
C. He lost his sheep. D. He lost his way.
...
In1964, Wei, a soldier in the army, went to Xinjiang to keep the border safe. Years later, when the other members left for other places, he chose to stay. He worked as a border keeper while keeping some sheep to support his family. Every day, he rode a horse or walked along the border. He tried his best to stop Chinese, foreigners and home-kept animals from crossing the border. He took everything about border safety seriously. When he found anything unusual or dangerous, he would call the police in time. It was really hard work.
One cold winter day in 1987, when Wei was on his way home from work, a heavy snowstorm came. He lost his way and walked for several hours. He nearly lost his life. Luckily, some soldiers saved him. Another day in 1992,his 400 sheep were driven away or killed.He knew some people hated him because of his strictness.


细节理解题
nearly（几乎）
almost（几乎）
hardly（几乎不）
seldom（很少）
注意：
干扰词
细节理解题一
1.看题干，找关键词
常见关键词：
①专有名词（人名、地名、首字母大写）
②数字（时间、年份、生日）
③感彩： better，positive，friendly、prefer、hate、dislike、useless
注意：干扰词
nearly（几乎）、almost（几乎）、hardly（几乎不）、seldom（很少）
细节理解题——同义词替换
例：
49. Sea cucumbers stay deep to sleep in summer because they _______.
A. are afraid of high temperature
B. want to get strong and fat
C. are afraid of their enemy
D. want to live alone
细节理解题——同义词替换
例：
...
Sea Cucumber
Sea cucumbers are strange animals living at the bottom of the sea. They wear brown or pale green coats with many sticks up. When summer comes, they stay deep to sleep because they are afraid of heat. And when it is autumn, they move to shallow(浅的) water and get their food.
...
细节理解题二
同义词替换
常见同义词：
over = more than
difficult = hard
build = set up
heat = high temperature
walk to = go to... on foot
remember = in the memory of
keep doing = continue doing
receive (get) a letter from = hear from
meet its enemy = in danger
细节理解题——同义词替换
练习
As we all know, border(边界）safety is very important to a country. In Chins, many common people, besides soldiers(军人),are doing what they can to keep the border safe. Wei Deyou is one of them.
In 1964, Wei, a soldier in the army, went to Xinjiang to keep the border safe. Years later, when the other members left for other places, he chose to stay. He worked as a border keeper while keeping some sheep to support his family. Every day, he rode a horse or walked along the border. He tried his best to stop Chinese, foreigners and home-kept animals from crossing the border. He took everything about border safety seriously. When he found anything unusual or dangerous, he would call the police in time. It was really hard work.
One cold winter day in 1987, when Wei was on his way home from work, a heavy snowstorm came. He lost his way and walked for several hours. He nearly lost his life. Luckily, some soldiers saved him. Another day in 1992,his 400 sheep were driven away or killed.He knew some people hated him because of his strictness.
Wei has been working in Xinjiang for over 50 years. No matter how hard a life he lives, Wei never gives up. These years, he has walked about 200,000 kilometers along the border. He has also found many new ways to keep the border safer. For his excellent work, he has been given some pizzas. He is a model for all of us. Now he is 77 years old. He still keeps working there. Just as he said, “It’s my duty to do the job. Border safety is the most important.”
51.According to the last paragraph, we know that_________.
A. Wei has returned to his hometown
B. Wei will continue working in Xinjiang
C. Wei has new ways to keep his sheep safe
D. Wei is too old to work
...
Wei has been working in Xinjiang for over 50 years. No matter how hard a life he lives, Wei never gives up. These years, he has walked about 200,000 kilometers along the border. He has also found many new ways to keep the border safer. For his excellent work, he has been given some pizzas. He is a model for all of us. Now he is 77 years old. He still keeps working there. Just as he said, “It's my duty to do the job. Border safety is the most important.”
Most animals on land are known to us, but many living things under water are not. Now let’s get to know some of them.
Sea Cucumber
Sea cucumbers are strange animals living at the bottom of the sea. They wear brown or pale green coats with many sticks up. When summer comes, they stay deep to sleep because they are afraid of heat. And when it is autumn, they move to shallow(浅的) water and get their food.
Pike
The pike is a kind of freshwater fish. They are good swimmers and like swimming near boats, waiting to be fed. They have sharp teeth to catch fishes. When they are young, they live in groups. However, when they grow up, they prefer to live alone.
Cuttlefish
A cuttlefish can swim quite fast, so it is also called rocket(火箭) fish. It has eight arms and two feelers on its head, just around its mouth. It ejects ink(喷墨) when it is in danger. Its meat is delicious, and it is often the first choice for many people.
Octopus
An octopus has long arms, with which to catch food and protect itself. When it is sleeping, one or two of its arms are still on duty, keeping moving. Once it feels something dangerous, it can wake up at once to take action.
49. Sea cucumbers stay deep to sleep in summer because they _______.
A. are afraid of high temperature B. want to get strong and fat
C. are afraid of their enemy D. want to live alone
51. What happens if a cuttlefish meets its enemy
A. It rushes at the enemy at once. B. It cuts off one of its arms.
C. It bites with its sharp teeth. D. It ejects ink to the enemy.
...
Sea Cucumber
Sea cucumbers are strange animals living at the bottom of the sea. They wear brown or pale green coats with many sticks up. When summer comes, they
stay deep to sleep because they are afraid of heat. And when it is autumn, they move to shallow(浅的) water and get their food.
...
Cuttlefish
A cuttlefish can swim quite fast, so it is also called rocket(火箭) fish. It has eight arms and two feelers on its head, just around its mouth. It ejects ink(喷墨) when it is in danger. Its meat is delicious, and it is often the first choice for many people.
常见同义词：
over = more than
difficult = hard
build = set up
heat = high temperature
walk to = go to... on foot
remember = in the memory of
keep doing = continue doing
receive (get) a letter from = hear from
meet its enemy = in danger
细节理解题三
排除法
排除法
出题方式：
①From the passage, We know that Temple _________.
②Accroding to the passage, Shi Li and Cui Jiping ________.
③Which of the following is TRUE about the book
排除方式：
挨个分析选项，排除错误选项。
错误选项特点：
偷梁换柱、无中生有、颠倒黑白、张冠李戴
细节理解题——排除法
例：
47. From the passage we know that Temple ________.
A. was not good at dancing
B. began to star in her first movie when she was ten years old
C. was unfriendly to her fan
D. encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression
Shirley Temple, the once-famous child movie star, died at the age of 85 on February 10, 2014. She was born on April 23, 1928. She was good at acting and dancing. In 1934, she starred(主演) in the movie Bright Eyes. From then on she became famous around the world. Later she starred in other movies and won a Juvenile Oscar in February, 1935.
For many Americans born in the 1930s and 1940s, Temple was not just an on-screen star but also a close friend in their childhood. She was remembered by the world as the forever "little angle". An American movie star said, "Little Shirley Temple encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression(大萧条)."
47. From the passage we know that Temple ________.
A. was not good at dancing
B. began to star in her first movie when she was ten years old
C. was unfriendly to her fan
D. encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression

练习
Last month, some volunteers from Xi’an went to a middle school in the mountain area. They gave away 40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books to the students. The school lies deep in the mountains. Students have to live in the school. But the school was too poor to provide beds for them, so they had to sleep on the desks. Thanks to the volunteers, now the students can sleep on their own beds in the school.
The Zaps, from Argentina(阿根廷), began their tour in their old cars several years ago. They traveled to over 40 countries with their four kids. Many people wondered what made them travel around the world. They said, "It’s just one dream, a big dream, from Argentina to the whole world. Thanks to those who supported us during our journey, our dream came true in the end." Do you want to see your dream come true If so, why not start right away
Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison in Sydney decided to do something special on the UN’s International Day of Peace. They both loved peace. They both wanted to break the world record for the longest handshake to bring more love and peace to the world. To break the world record, they needed to shake hands for over 11 hours without a stop. Finally they made it. Their arms hurt a lot, but they were very happy.
47. What can we learn from the second story
A. We can hardly travel around the world if we have an old car.
B. We can travel around the world if nobody helps us.
C. We should realize our dreams if we have lots of money.
D. We should start right away if we want to realize our dreams.
...
The Zaps, from Argentina(阿根廷), began their tour in their old cars several years ago. They traveled to over 40 countries with their four kids. Many people wondered what made them travel around the world. They said, "It’s just one dream, a big dream, from Argentina to the whole world. Thanks to those who supported us during our journey, our dream came true in the end." Do you want to see your dream come true If so, why not start right away
...

...
Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison in Sydney decided to do something special on the UN’s International Day of Peace. They both loved peace. They both wanted to break the world record for the longest handshake to bring more love and peace to the world. To break the world record, they needed to shake hands for over 11 hours without a stop. Finally they made it. Their arms hurt a lot, but they were very happy.
48. Which is TRUE about the two men in the last story
A. It took them less than 11 hours to break the world record.
B. They were happy though they didn’t break the world record.
C. Both of them loved peace.　　　　　　
D. They often shook hands

Shi Li and Cui Jiping are husband and wife. They are disabled. They complete the first Chinese encyclopedic(百科知识的) dictionary for deaf people and people with hearing problems.
The dictionary includes words on medicine, education, psychology, law, history and culture about deaf people's life. This book provides a learning tool for this special group of people and it helps them know about the world more easily.
They spent six years and over 1,000,000 yuan on the book. They first collected material for the book by themselves, then they invited a lot of experts(专家) across the country to write.
The book is warmly welcomed by the deaf. One of the readers said, “The book shows that we're not alone. We can have our own way to communicate with the world. ”
48. According to the passage, Shi Li and Cui Jiping .
A. are disabled people full of love B. wrote many famous books
C. finished the book by themselves D. live a very poor life
49. Which of the following is TRUE about the book
A. It is the first world encyclopedic dictionary.
B. It can help deaf people know about the world more easily.
C. It took them sixteen years to finish the book.
D. It includes medicine and art about the life of deaf people.


主旨大意题
主旨大意题（理解全文大意的基础上，选择答案）
与标题有关
the best title
与文章目的有关
purpose, writes the article to
与文章中心有关
the main idea, mainly about
主旨大意题
54. What’s the best title for the passage？
48. The writer writes the article to _______ in France.
48. This passage is mainly about how Li and his wife_______.
例：
48.The writer writes the article to ______ in France.
A. introduce the rules and laws against illegal driving.
B. discuss the rules against driving after drinking.
C. tell drivers not to make a phone call while driving.
D. talk about traffic accidents.
Illegal(违法的）driving is really dangerous. It may cause traffic accidents, even deaths. It's reported that thousands of people die from illegal driving each year. Many countries are trying their best to control it. France, for example, has made some strict rules and laws to stop it.
People are warned not to eat while driving. Any driver who is caught eating while at the wheel will be stopped by the police. Then he will be fined up to ￡50 for it.
Drivers are not allowed to read a map, make a phone call or listen to very loud music while driving. Besides, it is against the rules for the motorists to use any kind of earphones. Things change easily on the road. Drivers never know what will happen next.
From July 2 on, it will be illegal to smoke when there is a child aged 12 or under in the car. Smoking is also banned outdoors at children’s play areas, including those at motorway rest areas. Notices in several languages have been put up at motorway service stations to warn foreign visitors of the rules.
Driving after drinking can put people in danger. All the drivers are asked to carry alcohol equipment（酒精测试仪）in their cars. Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.
例：
55. This passage is mainly about _______.
A. part of the development of credit cards.
B. how to use cash.
C. the number of people who use credit cards in the world.
D. how credit cards help businessmen.
How do you pay for things？Do you usually use cash(现金), or do you like to pay by credit card(信用卡) If you are like a lot of people, you probably have at least one credit card. Also, you might use it more often than you probably should.
Credit card first became popular in the 1920s. At that time, businesses, such as hotels and companies, gave credit cards to their best customers(顾客). Unlike today's credit cards, customers could only use these cards at the store or business that gave out the card. Customers had to pay for the things in full. They couldn't pay for something a little at a time.
In 1950s, a businessman named McNamara started a credit card company —Diners Club. Unlike earlier credit cards, this card is could be used by customers at many restaurants, Customers liked the card because they didn't have to carry a lot of cash with them. Restaurant owners liked the card, too. Why they found out that customers usually spent more money when they could pay by credit card.
In its first year of business, Diners Club issued 200 cards. The customers who got the cards from the Diners Club could use them at 27 different restaurants. Today, Diners Club has about 8 million customers, and they can use their cards in over 7.6 million businesses in more than 200 countries.
主旨大意解题
1.看选项。
概括性，包容性选项（传播正能量）
例：
55. What's the main idea of the passage
A. Air pollution in North China is caused by waste gas.
B. To save the environment, our government should do something more.
C. The temperature becomes higher and higher in North China.
D. How air pollution in North China is caused.
A recently study found people's lives are made shorter in North China. It is showed the life expectancy(平均寿命) had been cut down by 5.5 years there. Researchers think that the heavy air pollution in China should be to blame(承担责任). It's really the truth. Our government has already done something. However, it doesn't seem to work so well.
"Air pollution in China is doing harm to people's health. The harm is much more serious than we can imagine," said Chen Yuyu of Beijing University, one of researchers of this study.
Dirty air brings serious problems in North China. In January this year, the air pollution was worse than that in other places. That was caused by rising temperature and waste gas(废气) from coal heating.
Chinese government should strongly fight against air pollution. They should think of more proper ways to deal with the problem. People should be encouraged to take buses, ride bicycles or walk, instead of driving cars. The factories that pollute heavily should be closed.
"We need to improve our environment, although it might be expensive. Protecting our environment means protecting ourselves," Li Hongbin, another researcher of the study said.
说明文
54.What is the best title(标题 )for the passage
A.A Graduation Ceremony
B.A hard-working Old Lady
C.A Difficult Examination
D.A University in Tianjin
Last month, a common graduation ceremony （毕业 典礼） was held in Tianjin University,but it received much attention. Xue Minxiu, born in 1937, graduated with excellent grades after working hard for 4 years.Going to a university has always been a dream for Xue. But for some reasons, she didn’t have the chance when she was young. Even so, she never forgot her dream. In 2014, she was accepted by Tianjin University and finally her dream came true. Since then, Xue has been a model for the people around her. She got up at 5 o’clock every morning. Then she studied for a while before brushing teeth and having breakfast. Her room was filled with books and newspapers. Wherever she went, she would take books with her.
In fact, for her age had many difficulties during the four years. But nothing could stop her.Whenever she had problems, she would either solve them by herself or ask teachers for help. Through her hard work she Passed he exams and was named “a star student” during the first period of her college life.
“ I think the meaning of our lives is to challenge （挑 战） and improve ourselves whether we are old or young.” Xue said at the graduation ceremony. “For me, learning something I enjoy is a lifelong journey. I want to thank Tianjin University for giving me the chance to achieve my dream. Our lifetime is short, so we should make good use of it.”
主旨大意解题二
2.看选项。
记叙文看文章尾段
说明文看文章首尾段或每段首句
Li Chunlin, a farmer, used to live in a poor village in the north of Shaanxi. In the 1980s, he went to Shenzhen to make a living with his wife.
Years later, they became rich and returned to their hometown. To their surprise, the land around the village was covered with sand. That made them feel sad. After thinking carefully, Li and his wife made up their minds to fight against the sands.
They bought thousands of young trees and planted them around the village. However, only a few survived (存活), because the trees were not regularly watered. But how to get water was a big problem. They dug a well (井) but it became dry soon. Then they asked a drilling team to dig a deep well. Clear water appeared, but their money was used up. They couldn’t afford to buy young trees. They went to several banks for help but got nothing. Finally, they turned to a friend who was also from the village. The friend had a big business. Learning what they were doing, their friend was moved and decided to do something for their village too. So he offered the money they needed.
With the money, they bought trees and had them planted. They looked after the trees as if they were their own children. After some time, green leaves came out. When the villagers saw the changes, some started to join Li and his wife in the fight. Then more joined. Years went by. And now larger areas around the village are covered with green trees.
48. This passage is mainly about how Li and his wife _______.
A. tried different ways to find water
B. made money in Shenzhen
C. fought against the sands
D. bought and planted trees
The eagle has the longest life of its group. It can reach up to
70 years. But to reach this age, the eagle must make a hard and
painful decision.
When an eagle reaches near 40, its short sharp beak becomes
bent（弯曲的）. Its long and once flexible（灵活的） talons
can no longer catch animals or birds for food. And its old and
heavy wings with thick feathers on its body make it difficult to fly.
Then, the eagle has only tow choices: to die or to go through a
painful time of change which needs five months.
When the eagle feels weak and is about to die, it goes to a
place far away on the top of a mountain and sits on a nest. For a new life, the eagle knocks its beak against a rock until it pulls its beak out. After pulling it out, the eagle waits for a new beak to grow. And then it pulls out its talons and old feathers. It takes the eagle five months to complete its change and get a new life. We can call it its rebirth. So it can live for 30 more years.
Like the eagle, we human beings sometimes need to make some change to get out of our difficulty. In miserable condition, we have to change our ways of life. The changing may be very painful. But sometimes we have to throw off our old habits, memories and traditions. We can't go on with all our past burdens（重负）.
55. The best title for the passage can be_______ .
The death of the eagle
B. The living period of the eagle
C. A good and easy decision
D. Rebirth of the eagle
词义猜测题
题型特征
1. The underlined word “xxx” here probably means “_______”.
2. What does the word “xxx” in this passage mean
50. The underlined word “anxious” here probably means “_______”.
A. worried B. angry
C. satisfied D. excited
词义猜测题
解题妙招
句子逻辑关系
2. 构词法
3. 上下文同义词改写
50.The underlined word “anxious” here probably means “_______”.
A. worried B. angry
C. satisfied D. excited
Listening is a kind of love.
For example, we may think our parents are always talking too much. But in fact, they do so because they are anxious about our health, study and so on. If we listen patiently, our parents will feel we care about them. A loving
silence is often more powerful (有力量的) than words.

逻辑关系
当含有下划线词的上下句出现 because，so, so…that ,then, if, yet, while, but, however等词时，可以以这些词为线索，推出划线词的词义。
Illegal (违法的）driving is really dangerous. It may cause traffic accidents, even deaths. It s reported that
thousands of people die from illegal driving each year. Many countries are trying their best to control it. France, for
example, has made some strict rules and laws to stop it.
People are warned not to eat while driving. Any driver who is caught eating while at the wheel will be stopped by the police. Then he will be fined up to 50 for it.
...
46. The underlined words “be fined” here probably mean “________”.
A.pay money as a punishment B. get money as a prize
C. find money D. make money

A visitor is often welcomed warmly in a family of Akuapem. After the visitor is welcomed into the house, he is offered a seat and water at the very beginning, because the host assumes that the visitor must have come from a very long journey and need water. If there is a group of visitors, the host will greet the visitors from right to left. And the host shakes only with his right hand,because Akuapem people think the left hand is not clean.
50. The underlined word “assumes” here probably means “_______”.
A. thinks B. remembers
C. disagrees D. follows

...
Like the eagle, we human beings sometimes need to make some change to get out of our difficulty. In miserable
condition, we have to change our ways of life. The changing may be very painful. But sometimes we have to throw
off our old habits, memories and traditions. We can t go on with all our past burdens（重负）.
54. The underlined word “miserable” here probably means “_______”.
A. terrible B. good
C. lonely D. lucky

构词法
通过构词法判断划线词意思
常见前缀：
un —— 不，非，表示否定
dis —— 不，非，表示否定
mis —— 错，错误地
inter—— 相互的，交叉的
常见后缀：
or / er —— 从事某职业的人
less/ful —— 没有，形容词后缀
“Why does the chicken cross the road To get to the other side!”
That s an old joke in the west, but it came to my mind again when I saw people crossing the road at the intersection of Shaanxi Road and Huaihai Road in Shanghai.
...
49. The underlined word “intersection” here probably means “_______”.
A. road B. bridge
C. crossing D. traffic

同义词改写
通过上下文词意判断划线词含义
...
Only buying books for children isn t enough. For kids,parents are their first teachers. So parents should read books to set an example. Children will follow them. Scientists say imitating the adults is a born skill. And it is the most valuable way for children to learn. This will certainly help them develop a reading habit in the end.
54. The underlined word “imitating” here probably means “_______”.
A. copying B. reading
C. testing D. missing

推理判断题
判断依据（推断文章出处）
1. The text is written mainly to ______ .
2. Where do you think the passage may come from
【2020 陕西中考】
41. The text is written mainly to ______ .
A. keep a diary B. send a postcard
C. introduce the farm D. remember the address
Last month, a common graduation ceremony (毕业典礼) was held in Tianjin University, but it received much attention. Xue Minxiu, born in 1937, graduated with excellent grades after working hard for 4 years. Going to a university has always been a dream for Xue. But for some reasons, she didn t have the chance when she was young. Even so, she never forgot her dream. In 2014, she was accepted by Tianjin University and finally her dream came true. Since then, Xue has been a model for the people around her. She got up at 5 o clock every morning.
Then she studied for a while before brushing teeth and having breakfast. Her room was filled with books and newspapers. Wherever she went, she would take books with her. In fact, for her age had many difficulties during the four years. But nothing could stop her. Whenever she had problems, she would either solve them by herself or ask teachers for help. Through her hard work, she passed he exams and was named “a star student”during the first period of her college life. “I think the true meaning of our lives is to challenge (挑战) and improve ourselves whether we are old or young.”
Xue said at the graduation ceremony. “For me, learning something I enjoy is a lifelong journey. I want to thank Tianiin University for giving me the chance to achieve my dream. Our lifetime is short, so we should make good use of it.”
55. Where do you think the passage may come from
A. A science report. B. A newspaper.
C. A travel book. D. An advertisement.
推理判断题

A recently study found people s lives are made shorter in North China. It is showed the life expectancy (平均寿命) had been cut down by 5.5 years there. Researchers think that the heavy air pollution in China should be to blame (承担责任). It s really the truth. Our government has already done something. However, it doesn t seem to work so well.
“Air pollution in China is doing harm to people s health. The harm is much more serious than we can imagine,” said Chen Yuyu of Beijing University, one of researchers of this study. Dirty air brings serious problems in North China. In January this year, the air pollution was worse than that in other places. That was caused by rising temperature and waste gas (废气) from coal heating.
Chinese government should strongly fight against air pollution. They should think of more proper ways to deal with the problem. People should be encouraged to take buses, ride bicycles or walk, instead of driving cars. The factories that pollute heavily should be closed.
“We need to improve our environment, although it might be expensive. Protecting our environment means
protecting ourselves,” Li Hongbin, another researcher of the study said.
51. The passage above may come from a(n) _______.
A. story B. advertisement
C. report D. diary
推理判断题

了解文章大意基础上，判断文章体裁，选择对应选项
做题依据
Science report 科学报告
Science fiction 科幻小说
Advertisement 广告
Museum guide 博物馆指南
Children literature 儿童文学
Travel guide 旅游指南
History 历史
Education 教育
Psychology 心理
常见文章出处
题型分类
主旨大意题
细节理解题
推理判断题
词义猜测题
Thank you.

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